Search

The industry Internet security knowledge graph plays an important role in enriching the semantic relationships of security concepts, improving the quality of the security knowledge base, and enhancing the ability to visualize and analyze the security situation. It has become the key to recognize, trace and protect against the attacks targeting new energy industry control systems. However, compared with the construction of the general domain knowledge graph, there are still many problems in each stage of the construction of the industry Internet security knowledge graph, which affect its practical application effect. This paper introduces the concept and significance of the industry Internet security knowledge graph and its difference from the general knowledge graph, summarizes the related work and role of the ontology construction of industry Internet security knowledge graph. Under the background of industry Internet security, it focuses on the related work of the three important components of knowledge graph construction, respectively named entity recognition, relationship extraction and reference resolution. For each component, it detailedly reports on the development history and research status of this component in the domain, and deeply analyses the domain challenges in this component, such as non-continuous entity recognition, candidate word extraction, the lack of domain-quality datasets and so on. It predicts the future research directions of this component, provides reference and enlightenment to further improve the quality and usefulness of industry Internet security knowledge graph, so as to deal with emerging threats and attacks more effectively.

SUMMARY: Drought stress caused by global warming has resulted in significant tree mortality, driving the evolution of water conservation strategies in trees. Although phytohormones have been implicated in morphological adaptations to water deficits, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in woody plants remain unclear. Here, we report that overexpression of PtoMYB142 in Populus tomentosa results in a dwarfism phenotype with reduced leaf cell size, vessel lumen area, and vessel density in the stem xylem, leading to significantly enhanced drought resistance. We found that PtoMYB142 modulates gibberellin catabolism in response to drought stress by binding directly to the promoter of PtoGA2ox4, a GA2‐oxidase gene induced under drought stress. Conversely, knockout of PtoMYB142 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system reduced drought resistance. Our results show that the reduced leaf size and vessel area, as well as the increased vessel density, improve leaf relative water content and stem water potential under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous GA3 application rescued GA‐deficient phenotypes in PtoMYB142‐overexpressing plants and reversed their drought resistance. By suppressing the expression of PtoGA2ox4, the manifestation of GA‐deficient characteristics, as well as the conferred resistance to drought in PtoMYB142‐overexpressing poplars, was impeded. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tree drought resistance, potentially offering novel transgenic strategies to enhance tree resistance to drought. Significance Statement: Here we demonstrate that PtoMYB142, a transcription factor, modulates gibberellin catabolism by directly regulating the expression of PtoGA2ox4, a key enzyme involved in gibberellin degradation. This regulatory pathway leads to a reduction in leaf size and an improvement in vessel features, which enhances water transport and reduces water loss in response to water stress. These novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying drought‐induced morphological changes in trees have significant implications for improving ecosystem resilience in water‐limited environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) might have a higher risk of rupture after partial embolization, and previous studies have shown that some metrics of vascular stability are related to bAVM rupture risk. Objective: To analyze vascular stability of bAVM in patients after partial embolization. Methods: Twenty‐four patients who underwent partial embolization were classified into the short‐term, medium‐term, and long‐term groups, according to the time interval between partial embolization and surgery. The control group consisted of 9 bAVM patients who underwent surgery alone. Hemodynamic changes after partial embolization were measured by angiogram. The inflammatory infiltrates and cell–cell junctions were evaluated by MMP‐9 and VE‐cadherin. At the protein level, the proliferative and apoptotic events of bAVMs were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of VEGFA, eNOS, and caspase‐3. Finally, neovascularity and apoptotic cells were assessed by CD31 staining and TUNEL staining. Results: Immediately after partial embolization, the blood flow velocity of most bAVMs increased. The quantity of MMP‐9 in the medium‐term group was the highest, and VE‐cadherin in the medium‐term group was the lowest. The expression levels of VEGFA, eNOS, and neovascularity were highest in the medium‐term group. Similarly, the expression level of caspase‐3 and the number of apoptotic cells were highest in the medium‐term group. Conclusion: The biomarkers for bAVM vascular stability were most abnormal between 1 and 28 days after partial embolization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Auxin signaling provides a promising approach to controlling root system architecture and improving stress tolerance in plants. However, how the auxin signaling is transducted in this process remains unclear.The Aux indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) repressor IAA17.1 is stabilized by salinity, and primarily expressed in the lateral root (LR) primordia and tips in poplar. Overexpression of the auxin‐resistant form of IAA17.1 (IAA17.1m) led to growth inhibition of LRs, markedly reduced salt tolerance, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased flavonol content. We further identified that IAA17.1 can interact with the heat shock protein HSFA5a, which was highly expressed in roots and induced by salt stress. Overexpression of HSFA5a significantly increased flavonol content, reduced ROS accumulation, enhanced LR growth and salt tolerance in transgenic poplar. Moreover, HSFA5a could rescue the defective phenotypes caused by IAA17.1m.Expression analysis showed that genes associated with flavonol biosynthesis were altered in IAA17.1m‐ and HAFA5a‐overexpressing plants. Furthermore, we identified that HSFA5a directly activated the expression of key enzyme genes in the flavonol biosynthesis pathway, while IAA17.1 suppressed HSFA5a‐mediated activation of these genes.Collectively, the IAA17.1/HSFA5a module regulates flavonol biosynthesis, controls ROS accumulation, thereby modulating the root system of poplar to adapt to salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for the growth and development of perennial trees. Xylem vessels act as the center of water conduction in woody species, but the underlying mechanism of its development and morphogenesis under water‐deficient conditions remains elucidation.Here, we identified and characterized an osmotic stress‐induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (PtoERF15) and its target, PtoMYC2b, which was involved in mediating vessel size, density, and cell wall thickness in response to drought in Populus tomentosa.PtoERF15 is preferentially expressed in differentiating xylem of poplar stems. Overexpression of PtoERF15 contributed to stem water potential maintaining, thus promoting drought tolerance. RNA‐Seq and biochemical analysis further revealed that PtoERF15 directly regulated PtoMYC2b, encoding a switch of JA signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings verify that three sets of homologous genes from NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) gene family: PtoSND1‐A1/A2, PtoVND7‐1/7‐2, and PtoNAC118/120, as the targets of PtoMYC2b, are involved in the regulation of vessel morphology in poplar.Collectively, our study provides molecular evidence for the involvement of the PtoERF15‐PtoMYC2b transcription cascade in maintaining stem water potential through the regulation of xylem vessel development, ultimately improving drought tolerance in poplar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]