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The U.S. military continuously innovates its combat theories, proposing new styles of warfare such as multi-domain joint operations and mosaic operations. The form of warfare is shifting from network-centric warfare towards intelligent warfare. Intelligent warfare emphasises decentralised forces and intelligent coordination, with a typical example being manned/unmanned teaming systems. This article first reviews the development history and trends of manned/unmanned teaming systems in the U.S. military. It then elaborates on the new challenges in intelligent networking posed by manned/unmanned teaming operations at the levels of networks, links, and nodes. Finally, based on these challenges, it proposes a limited centralised manned/unmanned intelligent command architecture, providing insights for the construction of next generation manned/unmanned teaming systems on the future battlefield for our military. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of distributed constrained optimization in a multi-agent system where some agents may deviate from the prescribed update rules due to failures or malicious adversarial attacks. The objective is to minimize the collective cost of the unattacked agents while respecting the constraint limitations. To tackle this, we propose a resilient distributed projected gradient descent algorithm for online optimization that achieves sublinear individual regret, defined as the difference between the online and offline solutions. Additionally, we extend the cost function from convex combinations to more general distributed optimization scenarios. The proposed algorithm demonstrates resilience under adversarial conditions, allowing it to handle an unknown number of adversarial nodes while maintaining performance. Compared to existing methods, this approach offers a robust solution to adversarial attacks in constrained distributed optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues of low survivability and communication efficiency in wireless sensor networks caused by frequent node movement or damage in highly dynamic and high-mobility battlefield environments, we propose a dynamic topology optimization method based on a virtual backbone network. This method involves two phases: topology reconstruction and topology maintenance, determined by a network coverage threshold. When the coverage falls below the threshold, a virtual backbone network is established using a connected dominating set (CDS) and non-backbone node optimization strategies to reconstruct the network topology, quickly restore network connectivity, effectively improve network coverage, and optimize the network structure. When the coverage is above the threshold, a multi-CDS scheduling algorithm and slight position adjustments of non-backbone nodes are employed to maintain the network topology, further enhancing network coverage with minimal node movement. Simulations demonstrate that this method can improve coverage and optimize network structure under different scales of network failures. Under three large-scale failure operational scenarios where the network coverage threshold was set to 80%, the coverage was enhanced by 26.12%, 15.88%, and 13.36%, and in small-scale failures, the coverage was enhanced by 7.55%, 4.90% and 7.84%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives (HMPSA) were prepared by blending polystyrene-hydrogenated (3,4-polyisoprene and 1,4-polyisoprene)-polystyrene (HYBRAR7311), polymethyl methacrylate-polybutyl acrylate-polymethyl methacrylate (LA2250), tackifier, and other additives in an internal mixer. The compatibility of LA2250, HYBRAR7311, and glycerol rosin ester was investigated on the basis of transparency, differential scanning calorimeter, and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that glycerol rosin ester was compatible with HYBRAR7311 and LA2250, while HYBRAR7311 was only partly compatible with LA2250. Besides, styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene block copolymers grafted MALEIC ANLYDRIDE was used as compatibilizer added into HMPSA. Although it increased the compatibility and shear strength yet the tack and peel strength were sharply decreased. Simple variable method was used to study the effect of main components on the tack, peel strength, and shear strength of HMPSA. The relationship between adhesive properties and viscoelastic properties of HMPSA was studied via dynamic mechanical analysis. The investigation showed that the smaller storage modulus at low frequency (0.01–0.1 1/s), the larger the tack. Peel strength was found proportional toG′′(f1)/G′(f2)(f1 = 32.03 1/s,f2 = 0.07 1/s). Similarly, the effect of this blend on damping performance and substrate on peel strength of HMPSA was investigated which was found excellent in this case. The peel strength of polypropylene was larger when HYBRAR7311 content was more than LA2250. However, the peel strength of polycarbonate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate was larger when LA2250 content was more than HYBRAR7311. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of HYBRAR7311/LA2250 HMPSA were found to be superior to the one-polymer HMPSA. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]