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Colour is a ubiquitous perceptual stimulus, and theoretical models of colour and psychological functioning posit that colour plays a key role in influencing the behaviour and mental function of a person. One investigation and two experiments investigated the colour metaphor representation of happiness concepts and the mapping mode of the colour metaphor of happiness concepts. A questionnaire was conducted to explore the relationship between colour preference and happiness. Study 2 shows that the identification of happiness words was facilitated more when words were viewed on an orange background than when viewed on a blue background. Study 3 further verifies the links of the connection between colour and happiness at the sentence level, and the orange‐happiness facilitation effect was replicated. These results document a novel influence of colour on emotion recognition processes, where an orange background may facilitate the processing of the concept of happiness and provide support for conceptual metaphor theory and colour‐in‐context theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges faced by governments in Southeast Asia in recovering from disasters and the initiative of the 'Build Back Better' (BBB) framework to address these challenges. It highlights the importance of integrating disaster risk reduction measures into various aspects of recovery and reconstruction to create safer and more resilient communities. The article also provides an overview of a book titled "Post-Disaster Governance in Southeast Asia: Response, Recovery, and Resilient Societies," which explores the disaster management practices and experiences of ASEAN countries. The book covers topics such as national response to the COVID-19 pandemic, institutional arrangements for disaster management, the role of culture in disaster resilience, and the use of village funds for disaster risk financing. It concludes by emphasizing the need for collaboration and innovation in disaster management to improve response and recovery in the ASEAN region. [Extracted from the article]

Lao PDR intends to conduct climate change vulnerability assessments so as to improve on weather forecasting and to develop early warning systems that would help relevant sectors mitigate the impacts of climate change. In recent years, climate change has intensified in various regions of the world, including Southeast Asia, causing disaster events that have resulted in serious economic losses and human casualties. Indeed, piloting green finance development for climate change adaptation is an important way to address climate change in an orderly, economical and scientific manner. [Extracted from the article]

However, given development trends in the field of disaster risk assessment and management, I think that I new i research on world disaster risk assessment and management needs to be strengthened in four ways. Although some academic institutions and government departments have also established international natural disaster data platforms, such platforms vary in quality, comprehensiveness, and accessibility to natural disaster data (Kong & Sun, [3], [4]). In Part VIII, the three aforementioned geographical units are mainly used to present the global multi-natural disaster risk characteristics, including the spatial differentiation characteristics of multi-hazard intensities, the population mortality rate of multi-natural disasters, and the GDP loss rate. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: The impacts of in situ steam explosion (ISE) on the particle size, protein solubility and digestibility, calcium release and structural characteristics of chicken bone powder were analysed. ISE significantly reduced the average particle size from 142.62 to 84.47–105.10 μm, while maintained the proximate compositions. The Fourier transforms infrared spectra and X‐ray diffraction further illustrated that there were no marked differences in the functional groups between native and ISE bone powders. Moreover, soluble protein content in chicken bone powder was remarkably enhanced by the ISE from 3.28 to 3.73 mg g−1. ISE powder (at 121 °C for 90 min) had higher protein digestibility (48.63%) than that of native (30.82%). Finally, ISE powder showed a higher calcium release and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity of digestive juice. The results proposed the feasibility of using ISE as an effective strategy to improve the nutritional quality of chicken bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Geography of Contemporary China" is a comprehensive textbook that provides a panoramic view of China's geographic patterns and developmental features. It covers various aspects of China's geography, including its physical geographic features, land and natural resource characteristics, ecological and environmental restoration, human and economic geographic features, and sustainable development. While the textbook offers valuable insights, it does not adequately address the rural regional system in China, which is important for understanding the country's geographic patterns. Nonetheless, it serves as a valuable reference for students studying geography, climate change, and sustainable development. [Extracted from the article]

Context: With aging, various problems in the reproductive system emerge, especially in females. However, our understanding of reproductive aging in livestock and humans is limited. Aims: We aimed to investigate reproductive changes between young and aged mice. Methods: Eight- to ten-week-old female mice were used as the young group, and 10-month-old mice were studied as the aged group. Reproductive changes were investigated from physiological, histological, cytological, and epigenetic perspectives. Key results: The estrus cycle was shortened (P < 0.0001), and the estradiol (E2) concentration was lower in aged mice (P < 0.01), whereas the progesterone (P4) concentration did not differ between young and aged mice (P > 0.05). The histological results revealed a lower number of antral follicles in the ovary and disordered epithelial tissue structures in the oviducts in aged mice. During oogenesis, the surrounded nucleolus (SN)-type oocytes in aged mice exhibited increased mitochondrial agglutination (P < 0.05) and cellular apoptosis (P < 0.01) as well as decreased H3K36 triple-methylation (P < 0.001). Although many defects existed, the oocytes from aged mice could normally support cellular reprogramming after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the reduced levels of reproductive hormones in aged females lead to shorter estrus cycles and reduced follicular development, leading to abnormal oogenesis, particularly in SN-type immature oocytes. Implications: These results provide new insight that enhance our understanding and improve the reproductive ability of aged females. Our understanding of reproductive aging in livestock and humans is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate reproductive changes between young and aged mice. We characterise for the first time cytological and epigenetic defects present in the surrounded nucleolus-type oocytes from aged mice, which provided new insight enhancing our understanding and improving the reproductive ability of aged females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt is one of the most common abiotic stresses, causing ionic and osmotic pressure changes that affect plant growth and development. In this work, we present molecular and genetic evidence that Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura 12 (ATL12) is involved in both salt stress and in the abscisic acid response to this stress. We demonstrate that ATL12 is highly induced in response to salt stress and that atl12 mutants have a lower germination rate, decreased root length, and lower survival rate compared to the Col-0 wild-type in response to salt stress. Overexpression of ATL12 increases expression of the salt stress-associated genes SOS1/2, and ABA-responsive gene RD29B. Additionally, higher levels of reactive oxygen species are detected when ATL12 is overexpressed, and qRT-PCR showed that ATL12 is involved in the AtRBOHD/F-mediated signaling. ATL12 expression is also highly induced by ABA treatment. Mutants of atl12 are hypersensitive to ABA and have a shorter root length. A decrease in water loss and reduced stomatal aperture were also observed in atl12 mutants in response to ABA. ABA-responsive genes RD29B and RAB18 were downregulated in atl12 mutants but were upregulated in the overexpression line of ATL12 in response to ABA. Taken together our results suggest that ATL12 modulates the response to salt stress and is involved in the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We first investigate the the spontaneous neural basis of social interaction anxiety and their relation to emotional intelligence. • Social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fALFF in the insula, parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule. • Emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between the fALFF in these regions and social interaction anxiety. Social interaction anxiety refers to a state of anxiety resulting from the prospect or presence of interpersonal evaluation in real or imagined social settings. Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed neural basis of social anxiety disorder. However, little is known about the neural correlates of individual differences in social interaction anxiety in nonclinical population. In the present study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between individual's spontaneous neural activity and social interaction anxiety, and the role that emotional intelligence played in the relationship. To this end, the correlation between the regional fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the brain and individuals' social interaction anxiety scores was examined. We found that social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fALFF in the insula, parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule. Furthermore, we also found that emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between the fALFF in these regions and social interaction anxiety. Taken together, our study provided the first evidence for the spontaneous neural basis of social interaction anxiety in normal population, and highlighted the neural substrates through which emotional intelligence might play an important role in social interaction anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional resource-constrained project scheduling problem makes the amounts of resource input fixed and ignores the joint effect of multiple time constraints, which may lead to the failure of traditional algorithms. This paper introduces a new practical problem called the resource input optimization problem with combined time constraints (RIOP/CTC), which studies the influence of resource input schemes. The new problem combines three types of time constraints, including precedence relations, resource calendars, and interruptability for the first time, which makes it closer to the actual scheduling problem. We propose a new network diagram called node network diagram and develop an optimization model based on constraint programming (CP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). A three-step guideline and an actual project case are provided for schedulers to help them better use the model to solve RIOP/CTC, which also proves the validity of the model. Computational experiments are carried out to show that the CP optimizer is superior to the three common metaheuristic algorithms in solving quality and speed and can provide a near-optimum solution for large-scale scheduling problems in an acceptable time. The proposed model contributes to improving the practical decision system to support the formulation of real-life project resource input schemes, scheduling plans, and employee work plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emergency management system is an important part of the current national governance system. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China's emergency management agencies have been reformed many times, and the emergency management system has been significantly improved in continuous development. China's emergency management can be divided into four stages from 1949 to now, forming three generations of the emergency management system. This paper introduces the organizational characteristics of China's emergency management in four stages, expounds on the main characteristics of the three generations of the emergency management system, and puts forward some key points of improving China's emergency management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive psychology (PP) is in its third wave, evolving towards an interdisciplinary study of wellbeing. This article proposes computational positive psychology (CPP) as an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates PP with computational science and technology to advance the understanding of wellbeing and develop evidence-based strategies to promote sustainable flourishing. The key features of CPP include addressing novel research questions that have received limited investigation in the existing literature, collecting large-scale and multimodal data, constructing computational models, and utilizing the results to advance theories, research, and the practice of wellbeing. We review CPP research topics such as: (1) advancing theoretical wellbeing models, (2) efficiently measuring wellbeing and positive traits, (3) exploring interdependent dynamics between individual and systemic wellbeing, (4) enhancing positive psychology interventions, and (5) improving collective wellbeing. The transformative potential of CPP for understanding and promoting wellbeing in the digital era is highlighted, and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional intelligence (EI) is one's ability to monitor one's own and other's emotions and the use of emotional information to enhance thought and action. Previous behavioral studies have shown that EI is separable into trait EI and ability EI, which are known to have distinct characteristics at the behavioral level. A relevant and unanswered question is whether both forms of EI have a dissociable neural basis. Previous studies have individually explored the neural underpinnings of trait EI and ability EI, but there has been no direct comparison of the neural mechanisms underlying these two types of emotional intelligence. The present study addresses this question by using resting-state fMRI to examine the correlational pattern between the regional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the brain and individuals' trait EI and ability EI scores. We found that trait EI scores were positively correlated with the ALFF in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and negatively correlated with the ALFF in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. In contrast, ability EI scores were positively correlated with the ALFF in the insula. Taken together, these results provide preliminary evidence of dissociable neural substrates between trait EI and ability EI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has become the standard of care for inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and is often used for recurrent lung cancer and pulmonary metastases. Radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT), including radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, is a major concern for which it is important to understand dosimetric and clinical predictors.Methods and Materials: This study was undertaken through the American Association of Physicists in Medicine's Working Group on Biological Effects of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Data from studies of lung SBRT published through the summer of 2016 that provided detailed information about RILT were analyzed.Results: Ninety-seven studies were ultimately considered. Definitions of the risk organ and complication endpoints as well as dose-volume information presented varied among studies. The risk of RILT, including radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, was reported to be associated with the size and location of the tumor. Patients with interstitial lung disease appear to be especially susceptible to severe RILT. A variety of dosimetric parameters were reported to be associated with RILT. There was no apparent threshold "tolerance dose-volume" level. However, most studies noted safe treatment with a rate of symptomatic RILT of <10% to 15% after lung SBRT with a mean lung dose (MLD) of the combined lungs ≤8 Gy in 3 to 5 fractions and the percent of total lung volume receiving more than 20 Gy (V20) <10% to 15%.Conclusions: To allow more rigorous analysis of this complication, future studies should standardize reporting by including standardized endpoint and volume definitions and providing dose-volume information for all patients, with and without RILT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkozei et al. (J Happiness Stud 19(6):1–24, 2017) proposed a cognitive model and a psycho-social model for understanding the link of trait gratitude to subjective well-being. The present study examined the two models by testing the mediating role of social support and resilience in the trait gratitude-subjective well-being link in Chinese adolescents. A total of 1445 adolescents (mean age = 15.03 years, SD = 1.95) completed the Gratitude Questionnaire, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Mediation analyses indicated that both social support and resilience independently mediated the link of trait gratitude with subjective well-being. Besides, effect contrasts revealed that the mediating effect of social support was not significantly different from that of resilience in the link of trait gratitude with subjective well-being. These findings suggest that social support and resilience perform as mediators in the relationship between trait gratitude and subjective well-being, supporting an integrated cognitive and psycho-social model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new practical scheduling problem called the resource-constrained project scheduling problem under multiple time constraints, which involves a duration constraint of activity, temporal constraint, and resource calendar constraint. The duration constraint of the activity exists widely in real-life projects, and it is first proposed as a resource-constrained project scheduling problem in this paper. We prove the defects of the traditional temporal constraint and improve it. The new problem combines three types of time constraints for the first time, which makes it closer to the actual scheduling problem. We developed a constraint programming optimization model for the new problem and used the IBM ILOG CPLEX-CP version 12.9.0 optimizer to solve it. Computational experiments are carried out to show that the CP optimizer is fast and provides a near-optimum solution to the new problem for projects with hundreds of activities within minutes compared to other metaheuristic methods. The results reported in this paper can be used as a benchmark for other researchers to compare and improve. The new problem contributes to developing a practical decision support system for resolving real-life constraints in projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steam explosion (SE) was exploited for stabilizing wheat bran (WB), and its effects on nutrients retention of WB were investigated. Result showed that SE could effectively inactivate lipase and peroxidase of WB at 0.8 MPa (170 °C) for 5 min while lipid and protein were not loss. Total flavonoids, phenolics contents, soluble dietary fibre content and DPPH radical scavenging activity in WB after SE increased by 198%, 83%, 27% and 21% respectively compared with those after conventional thermal sterilization (0.1 MPa (121 °C) for 20 min), while fatty acid value and peroxide value and insoluble dietary fibre content deceased by 21%, 75% and 24%, respectively. SE inhibited hydrolysis rancidity of wheat bran and reconstituted whole wheat flour (wholemeal) in the accelerated storage test. Therefore, SE may be a new efficient technology that could stabilize cereal bran and further promote its products development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduces a new scheduling problem called the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with combined precedence relations and resource calendars (RCPSP/CPRs-cal). Combined precedence relations (CPRs) extend generalized precedence relations (GPRs) and can effectively represent all possible combinations of precedence relations between activities. Resource calendars reflect resource time constraints that are closer to real-life project scheduling. A new network diagram was designed for RCPSP/CPRs-cal; it uses nodes to unify activities and precedence relations. It solves a problem in which traditional networks are prone to form cycles when representing combined precedence relations. An extended genetic algorithm (GA-NND) is proposed for solving RCPSP/CPRs-cal efficiently; it uses the new network diagram for coding to generate the node scheduling scheme. A three-step guideline and an example are provided for schedulers in order to help them better use GA-NND to solve RCPSP/CPRs-cal. Computational experiments were carried out to show that the extended genetic algorithm can solve RCPSP/CPRs-cal more quickly and accurately than the traditional genetic algorithm. The new problem contributes to developing a practical decision support system for resolving real-life constraints in projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of global climate change and rapid urbanization, industrialization, and informatization, all kinds of disasters occur frequently. Integrated disaster risk governance (IDRG) has become one of the core topics of social concern because it is related to regional sustainable development. Compared with institutions, communities, and public, the government plays a leading and collaborative role in IDRG. From the perspective of understanding the role of government in IDRG, this article first expounds the important role of government in IDRG. Then it analyzes the multiple roles of the government in the IDRG, including the leader, planner, promoter, and organizer. Thirdly, this article analyzes the government's coordination and integration role and international humanitarian role in IDRG. Finally, the analysis content of this article is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of steam explosion assisted superfine grinding (SESG) on yield and particle size properties of wheat bran(WB) powder was evaluated. Then the chemical components, physico-chemical properties of different particle size WB powders (of 425–212, 212–100, 100–75, <75 μm) were investigated. SEM, FTIR results confirmed that steam explosion had the effect of breaking the cell wall of WB. SESG significantly increased by 49.09% yield of <75 μm powder than untreated superfine powder. Compared with the others, SESG powder (of <75 μm) showed higher values in water solubility index (211.75 mg/g), oil holding capacity (1.68 g/g), bile salts and cholesterol adsorbing capacity (1.31 and 21.87 mg/g). And it had more total phenolic and total flavonoids content (7.27 GRE/100 g and 378.97 μg CE/g), which showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity(87.68%). SESG processing will offer a new approach for fiber materials superfine powder preparation, and SESG powder (<75 μm) could be widely used in food products. Unlabelled Image • A new process of SESG prepares wheat bran superfine powder. • SESG significantly increased the yield of 100–75 and < 75 μm superfine powder. • SE treatment had the effect of breaking cell wall of wheat bran. • SE treatment enhanced adsorption properties of oil, cholesterol and bile salts. • The powder of <75 μm by SESG exerted better antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the daily maximum temperature data and average temperature data prediction for the period ranging from 2020 to 2099 under the scenario of BNU-ESM climate engineering (G4 test) and non-climate engineering (RCP4.5), the regional differences in the extreme high-temperature intensities in China during the implementation of climate engineering programs (2020 to 2069) and after the implementation of those programs (2070 to 2099) were analyzed using the Weibull Distribution Theory. The results are as follows. (1) The comparison of the two scenarios shows that climate engineering has not fundamentally changed the spatial variation of the intensity of extreme hightemperature events in different recurring periods in China. It was found that in both scenarios, the extreme hightemperature intensities were characterized by the spatial differentiations of low-temperature intensities on the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau, and high-temperature intensities in the eastern and northwestern region. (2) The comparison of the two scenarios shows that climate engineering in the two study periods could help mitigate the extreme high-temperature intensities with different recurrence periods in China, and the mitigation effects during the implementation period would be significantly higher than those after the implementation. (3) The comparison between the periods ranging from 2020 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099 under the proposed climate engineering scenarios suggests that there would be no strong rebounding of extreme high-temperatures following the implementation of climate engineering programs. Moreover, the mitigation effect of extreme high-temperature intensity during the implementation of climate engineering is significantly higher than that after the completion of climate engineering. (4) According to the comparison between the average temperature changes in China before and after the implementation of the climate project, the average temperature in China has been reduced by at least 1.25 °C, which effectively alleviates global warming and is conducive to the realization of the 1.5 °C temperature control target of the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become one of the key issues affecting global society and economic development, and it is related to the sustainable development of mankind and the earth's ecological system. Firstly, this research begins with the important international conferences and agreements on Global Climate Governance, and analyzes the recent progress of the Paris Agreement, the Marrakech climate conference and the major progress of China & US climate cooperation and China's contribution. Secondly, from the perspective of China's adaptation and response to climate change, the main progress of climate change in China is reviewed from a multi-level perspective. The main scientific and technological progress and achievements in China's response to climate change have been tracked. Finally, from the environmental risk areas, the future risks of climate change are predicted from six aspects, to contribute to the scientific and technological support program for climate change governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the daily precipitation data of 545 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2016, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in different months of China were diagnosed from three aspects: climatic characteristics, variation trend and interannual variation. The results showed that: (1) Rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in different months of China from 1961 to 2016 had similar spatial characteristics in corresponding months. From January to July, the high-value areas of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days gradually expanded from southeast coast to northwest inland, but mainly distributed in the east area of Hu Huanyong Line. From August to December, it shrank from northwest to southeast coastal areas. Rainstorm rainfall and rainy days were less distributed in different months in the west area of Hu Huanyong Line; (2) From 1961 to 2016, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of rainstorm rainfall in different months in China were basically consistent with that of rainy days. May to August was the most significant month for the variation trend of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in China. It mainly distributed in the southeast monsoon area, and was mainly increasing trend. The trend of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days in northwest China changed slightly in different months; (3) The interannual variability of rainstorm rainfall in different months in China from 1961 to 2016 was similar to that of rainy days. The fluctuation characteristics from April to October were larger in the northern region. The southern region fluctuated greatly from November to December in January to March. With the development of the month, the high-value areas with large daily fluctuations of rainstorm rainfall and rainy days gradually expanded from southeast to northwest, northeast and southwest, and the fluctuations in southeast tended to decrease, then shrank from northwest, northeast and southwest to southeast, with the increasing fluctuations in southeast. The study has certain reference significance for flood control and disaster reduction and water resources planning and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change in the past one hundred years has brought important influence to the natural ecosystem and social - economic system of the world and China, The impact of future climate change is also long-term and huge, and many effects are negative or adverse. Therefore, from now on we must take measures adapting to climate change to overcome the adverse effects of climate change on social - economic - ecological system, In this paper, starting from the urgency of integrated climate change risk governance, the risk of natural disasters intensifying caused by climate change is briefly described, and engineering and non engineering measures of the integrated climate change risk governance in China's high risk region are proposed, as well as recommendations on integrated risk governance in the eastern, middle and western China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the role of social support and affective experience (i.e., positive affect and negative affect) in the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Participants included 748 Chinese adults with an age range of 16–60 years who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that social support, positive affect and negative affect independently mediated the effect of trait emotional intelligence on life satisfaction, consistent with the social network and affective meditation models. More importantly, the identified serial mediation model indicated that emotional intelligence could influence life satisfaction through the chain mediating effect of "social support–positive affect" and "social support–negative affect". These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the links between these factors and suggest that high emotional intelligence may promote well-being from the social support and affective perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global -warming, there are more frequent heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms, which leads to growingly severe rainstorm disasters. In previous studies, heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms were classified into rainstorms so that it was impossible to fully grasp the spatiotemporal pattern of heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms. Therefore, based on the daily precipitation data of 659 meteorological stations in China, this study calculated the rainfall amount, the rain day, and the rainfall intensity of rainstorms, heavy rainstorms, and extraordinary rainstorms in 1951-2010, and analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of rainstorms, heavy rainstorms, and extraordinary rainstorms in China. The results showed that: In terms of the proportion to the total rainstorms, rainstorms were the largest, followed by heavy rainstorms and extraordinary rainstorms; in terms of time, the rainfall amount, the rain day, and the rainfall intensity of interdecadal rainstorms and heavy rainstorms in China show a dynamic increase trend; in terms of space, only the rainfall amount and rainy days had an expansion trend, while the rainfall intensity did not change much. Temporally, the rainfall amount and the rain day of interdecadal extraordinary rainstorms were characterized by "increase--decline--increase", while their rain intensity was characterized by "decline-increase-decline". Spatially, there was no significant change in the rainfall amount, the rain day, and the rainfall intensity of extraordinary rainstorms. In short, rainstorms in China were developing towards extremes, which might be a result of combination of human factors and natural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of social economy, the strategic position of civil aviation in the national economy is highlighted, and its development potential is enormous. Extreme weather events under the background of climate change have brought great challenges to aviation safety. Starting with the rapid development of civil aviation in China, based on the trend of increasing the risk of aviation security and the risk of economic loss under the warming background, the effect of climate change on aviation safety development was analyzed from seven aspects: extreme weather and climate events affecting aviation safety, the number of takeoff limit days, fog and haze (low visibility) affecting aviation safety, flight time increasing, takeoff condition of high plateau airport changing, aircraft corrosion and clear-air turbulence, and the possible impact of the development of aviation industry on climate change was analyzed. Finally, based on the mutual influence of climate change and aviation industry, five policy suggestions were proposed, including the scientific planning of the new airport layout, the construction of the aviation meteorological data sharing platform, the comprehensive assessment of the impact of climate change on the aviation, the development of the aeronautical weather index insurance and new risk response training for aviation staff under the background of climate change. This study has a reference value for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between climate change and the development of aviation safety in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, based on the data on the frequency of waterlogging events and the number of waterlogging days of 1,638 stations from 1961 to 2016, a variety of mathematical statistics methods were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of waterlogging events in eastern China. The results showed that: ① In terms of time, the annual frequency of waterlogging events and the number of waterlogging days in eastern China in 1961–2016 showed an increasing trend despite of fluctuations. In the interdecadal changes, the highest frequency of waterlogging events and the greatest number of waterlogging days occurred in the 1990s, and from the 1960s to the 1980s, the frequency of waterlogging events and the number of waterlogging days in eastern China showed a decreasing trend. There were 6-year and 30-year periodic variations in the frequency of waterlogging events and the number of waterlogging days in eastern China, and mutations occurred in 1991. ② In terms of space, from 1961 to 2016, the areas with high frequency of waterlogging events in various years in eastern China were mainly South China, western and southern Yunnan, northern Jiangsu, southern Zhejiang, northern Fujian, junction areas between Hunan and Chongqing, northern Sichuan, and eastern Liaoning. ③ In the spatial distribution of change trends and fluctuation characteristics, the frequency of waterlogging events and the number of waterlogging days in eastern China increased significantly in the southeastern coastal areas from 1961 to 2016, and the fluctuations of the frequency of waterlogging events and the number of waterlogging days in eastern China from 1961 to 2016 presented a spatial variation pattern of low in the southwest and high in the northwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many regions are pounded with heavy rainfall, causing flood, casualties, property damage and severe destruction to ecosystem in multiple urban areas. Frequent occurrence of extremely heavy precipitation event under the background of global climate change has caused terrible harm on economic and social development, life security, ecosystem, etc. ; brought profound impact on sustainable development of disaster area; become a key factor of global and regional disasters and environmental risk; and been widely concerned by academic circle and all sectors of the society. So severe disasters caused by extreme precipitation events have attracted more and more attention, while the relationship between heavy rainfall with different duration and total heavy rainfall has become the hottest scientific frontier issue. Contribution of heavy rainfall with different duration to the total heavy rainfall has significant spatial differences. Here we used daily rainfall data from 1961 to 2015 of 659 meteorological stations in China. When the rainfall is greater than 50 mm in 24 hours, that is a heavy rainfall event. Heavy rainfall only lasting one day is defined as short-duration heavy rainfall, while heavy rainfall lasting more than two days is defined as long-duration heavy rainfall. Results indicated that: on the basis of duration days defined long-duration heavy rainfall, on the spatial distribution, total rainfall, total heavy rainfall and short-duration heavy rainfall showed "increasing -decreasing -increasing" from the southeast coast to northwest inland in China from 1961 to 2015, and on the whole meteorological station with increasing trend predominant. In the meantime, long-duration heavy rainfall showed "increasing -decreasing" spatial pattern, and on the whole meteorological station with decreasing trend predominant. We detected that there was a belt of becoming drought from northeast to southwest. The contribution of total heavy rainfall to total rainfall as well as long-duration heavy rainfall to total heavy rainfall showed "high in southeast - low in northwest" spatial distribution pattern. On the contrary, the contribution of short-duration heavy rainfall to total heavy rainfall showed " low in southeast - high in northwest" spatial distribution pattern. The contribution trend of total heavy rainfall to total rainfall and short-duration heavy rainfall to total heavy rainfall showed " increasing -mosaic with increasing and decreasing -increasing" spatial distribution pattern from northeast to southwest, and on the whole meteorological station with increasing trend predominant. On the contrary, the contribution trend of long-duration heavy rainfall to total heavy rainfall showed mosaic with increasing and increasing in the northeast, slightly decreasing in the southwest, and on the whole meteorological station with decreasing trend predominant. There was a climate transition zone from northeast to southwest, which was essentially coincident with the arid zone. The results suggested that the precipitation in China was changing to extremely accompanied by short-duration storm increased significantly. Chinese heavy rainfall especially the increase of short-duration heavy rainfall suggests that human activity is likely to be triggered an increasing in extreme precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of global climate change and rapid urbanization, all kinds of catastrophic events occur, which challenge regional socio‐economic and sustainable development. This Forum contribution introduces the tools and systems of catastrophe risk transfer and its characteristics in practice. The case is then made that the catastrophe risk transfer system needs to be innovated. It is found that the current catastrophe risk transfer system in China cannot on its own meet the needs of catastrophe risk transfer. This contribution argues that a lottery mechanism is one important means for catastrophe risk transfer. Its basic function is risk transfer and thereby raises funds for disaster recovery and reconstruction. Finally, this contribution suggests ways in which to normalize the independent issuance of catastrophe lottery, to strengthen the relevant research work for catastrophe lottery and to explore the catastrophe risk transfer mode of the combination of catastrophe lottery and disaster insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change and rapid urbanization, climate governance has become one of the unavoidable challenges of human society. Therefore, climate engineering is increasingly mentioned in the international climate negotiations. For solar radiation management with the most controversy in climate engineering method, based on two scenarios of climate engineering (G4) and non climate engineering ( RCP4.5) of BNU-ESM model. 95% and 99% percentiles of daily rainfall data during 2010-2099 were taken as thresholds of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall events. The data of over threshold sampling (POT) were fitted by Weibull distribution to diagnose the heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall in 10, 20. 50 and 100 years of return period. The results showed that: in two scenarios, strength of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall enhanced with return period increased, and they showed a southeast high-northwest low spatial characteristics. Climate engineering, in general, contributes to the increase in heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall in China, as well as spatial heterogeneity, which represents the suppression of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall in parts of the country. This research is of great significance for the future global climate control and regional climate adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data of hail days at 2 481 stations during 1961 -2016, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and periodic variation of gale days in China and seven geographical regions were analyzed by using a variety of statistical methods. The results showed that: in time, the gale days in China and the seven geographical areas all showed a decreasing trend from 1961 to 2016. In the Tibet (Southeast China and Southwest China) region, the annual number of single-station gale days was the most (least), but the decrease ratio was the least (most). In the significance oscillation period, it was 14 years in the whole country, 60 years in Northeastern China, Northern China and east part of Northwestern China, 7, 14 and 60 years in the west of Northwestern China, Southwestern China and Southeastern China, 7 and 60 years in the Tibet region. The mutation of gale days generally occurred in 1991, 1993, 1989, 1997, 1986, 1997, 1992 and 1984 in the whole country. Northeastern China, Northern China, east part of Northwestern China, west part of Northwestern China, Tibet, Southwestern China and Southeastern China, but only the east of Northwestern China and Tibet region passed 0.05 of significance test. In space, the annual average gale days showed the pattern of southeast low and northwest high in China from 1961 to 2016. The annual average gale days were more abundant in the central and western Tibet, the southern Qinghai, eastern Xinjiang, western Sichuan, northern Inner Mongolia and northern Gansu. These regions were dominated by positive anomaly in the 1970s and the 1980s, but negative in other decades. Annual gale days in most regions of China showed a decreasing trend during 1961-2016, and fluctuation presented high in east region and low in west region beside " Hu Huanyong line". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social well-being reflects the perception of one's social functioning, which plays an important role in physical and psychological health. However, the exact neuroanatomical substrate for social well-being remains unclear. To address the issue, we employed the voxel-based morphometry method to probe the neuroanatomical basis of individual variation in social well-being in young healthy adults (n  = 136). The results revealed a significant negative association between social well-being and regional gray matter density (rGMD) in an anatomical cluster that mainly includes the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that has been involved in emotion regulation and social cognition. Furthermore, a balanced 4-fold cross-validation using the machine learning approach revealed that rGMD in the left OFC could be reliably related to social well-being. More importantly, the multiple mediation analysis revealed that neuroticism and dispositional forgiveness independently mediated the association between rGMD in the left OFC and social well-being. In addition, all these results remained stable when subjective socioeconomic status was controlled. Together, our results provide the initial evidence that the OFC is a neuroanatomical substrate for social well-being and demonstrate that the OFC is a crucial neural site linking neuroticism and dispositional forgiveness to social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of hail, gale, thunderstorm and lightning days in 2 481 stations in China from 1961 to 2016, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, periodicity and climate abruption characteristics of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China were analyzed by various mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that in time, the days of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China decreased, and the hail and thunderstorm days were characterized by "increasing firstly and then decreasing" from 1961 to 2016. The hail, gale, thunderstorm and lightning days in China had oscillation cycles of 3-5, 2-3, 1 -2 and 1 - 4 a respectively, and the hail and thunderstorm days changed suddenly in 2002 and 1992 respectively. In space, the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan were the high-value distribution areas of hail, gale and thunderstorm days. The high-value distribution areas of thunderstorm days were also distributed to the south of the Yangtze River. South China and its southwestern regions at the same latitude were the high-value distribution areas of lightning days. In terms of trend, the hail days in China showed a decreasing trend mainly in the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau. The gale days in China decreased in the east, was unchanged in the central region, and increased and decreased alternately in the west. The thunderstorm days in China increased in Tibet, North China, Chongqing, Zhejiang and northwestern Heilongjiang. The lightning days in China decreased obviously to the south of the Yangtze River. In terms of the fluctuation, the hail days fluctuated greatly in the southeast. The gale days fluctuated greatly to the east of Hu Huanyong line. The thunderstorms days in China fluctuated greatly in the northwest and slightly in the southeast. In addition to the small fluctuation in northern Xinjiang and South China, the lightning days fluctuated greatly in other regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Changes in PET/CT tumor volume at mid-treatment correlate with lung cancer survival. • There is an inverse relationship between PET-volume reduction and overall survival. • Mid-treatment PET/CT-adapted therapy may improve overall survival for lung cancer. Abstract Background and purpose This study tested the hypotheses that 1) changes in mid-treatment fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) parameters are predictive of overall survival (OS) and 2) mid-treatment FDG-PET–adapted treatment has the potential to improve survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods Patients with stage I-III NSCLC requiring daily fractionated radiation were eligible. FDG-PET-CT scans were obtained prior to and mid-treatment with radiotherapy at 40–50 Gy. The normalized maximum standardized uptake value (NSUVmax), normalized mean SUV (NSUVmean), PET-metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and computed tomography-based gross tumor volume (CT-GTV) were consistently measured for all patients. The primary study endpoint was OS. Results The study is comprised of 102 patients who received 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, among whom 30 patients who received mid-treatment PET-adapted dose escalation radiotherapy. All PET-CT parameters decreased significantly (P < 0.001) mid-treatment, with greater reductions in FDG-volumetric parameters compared to FDG-activity factors. Mid-treatment changes in MTV (P = 0.053) and TLG (P = 0.021) were associated with OS, while changes in NSUVmax, NSUVmean, and CT-GTV were not (all Ps>0.1). Patients receiving conventional radiation (60-70 Gy) with MTV reductions greater than the mean had a median survival of 14 months, compared to those with MTV reductions less than the mean who had a median survival of 22 months. By contrast, patients receiving mid-treatment PET-adapted radiation with MTV reductions greater than the mean had a median survival of 33 months, compared to those with MTV reductions less than the mean who had a median survival of 19 months. Overall, PET-adapted treatment resulted in a 19% better 5-year survival than conventional radiation. Conclusion Changes in mid-treatment PET-volumetric parameters were significantly associated with survival in NSCLC. A greater reduction in the mid-treatment MTV was associated with worse survival in patients treated with standard radiation, but with better survival in patients who received mid-treatment PET-adapted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological resilience reflects the capacity to bounce back from stress, which plays an important role in health and well-being. However, less is known about the neural substrate for psychological resilience and the underlying mechanism for how psychological resilience enhances subjective well-being in the healthy brain. To investigate these issues, we employed fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) measured with resting-state fMRI in 100 young healthy adults. The correlation analysis found that higher psychological resilience was related to lower fALFF in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is involved in reward-related processing and emotion regulation. Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that psychological resilience acted as a full mediator of the association between the fALFF in left OFC and subjective well-being indicators (i.e. life satisfaction and hedonic balance). Importantly, these results remained significant after controlling for the effect of gray matter volume and regional homogeneity in the region. Overall, the present study provides the further evidence for functional neural substrates of psychological resilience and reveals a potential mechanism that psychological resilience mediates the effect of spontaneous brain activity on subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of disasters on the macroeconomy has moved to the centre of sustainable development in a country and regions, as disasters can affect all sectors of society. It is of great practical value for comprehensive disaster reduction and sustainable development to better determine these impacts, analyse different types of disasters and different impact types, and clarify both positive and negative implications for the macroeconomy from the short term to longer term. Disasters have played an especially important role on China's economic development with implications examined in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment (CM), including physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment, is detrimental to adolescents' psychological and behavioral outcomes. However, most studies on the relationship between CM and prosocial behavior focused on the overall experience of CM. Since different forms of CM exert various influences on adolescents, it is essential to find out which form of CM has the strongest link with prosocial behavior and the underlying mechanism behind it to fully understand this relationship and design a specific intervention for promoting prosocial behavior. Guided by internal working model theory and hopelessness theory, this study aimed to investigate the connections of multiple forms of CM with prosocial behavior, and explore the mediating mechanism of gratitude from the perspective of the broaden-and-build theory through a 14-day daily diary study. A total of 240 Chinese late adolescents (217 females; M age = 19.02, SD age = 1.83) from a college volunteered for this study and completed questionnaires regarding CM, gratitude, and prosocial behavior. A multilevel regression analysis was conducted to investigate which form of CM was correlated to prosocial behavior, and a multilevel mediation analysis was applied to examine the underlying mechanism (i.e., gratitude) behind this relationship. The results of the multilevel regression analysis showed that it was childhood emotional maltreatment, but not physical or sexual maltreatment that negatively predicted prosocial behavior. The results of the multilevel mediation analysis indicated that gratitude mediated the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and prosocial behavior. Findings from the present study highlight the predictive effect of childhood emotional maltreatment on late adolescents' prosocial behavior and the mediating role of gratitude in this link. • Childhood emotional maltreatment negatively predicted prosocial behavior in late adolescents. • Childhood physical and sexual maltreatment had no predicted effects on prosocial behavior • Gratitude played mediating role in the link of childhood emotional maltreatment with prosocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction, and the mediation role of social support and enjoyment of life among older individuals. The measures employed include the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation test; the Enjoyment of Life scale; the Satisfaction with Life scale; and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. These were administered to a sample of 260 older individuals aged between 60 and 80. The main findings revealed a positive association between gratitude and life satisfaction, and social support was a partial mediator in this relationship. Although enjoyment of life was not a direct mediator in the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction, the final model indicated a significant serial pathway from gratitude to social support and then through enjoyment of life to life satisfaction. In conclusion, enhancing gratitude, promoting the enjoyment of life, and social support to older individuals might increase their life satisfaction, which in turn might contribute to their successful aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pride is an important, self-conscious emotion composed of two distinct conceptual facets: arrogant, egotistic "hubristic pride," and pro-social, achievement-oriented "authentic pride." However, little is known about the neural basis of the two facets of pride. Here, we investigated the association between spontaneous brain activity and these two facets of pride in resting state.Method: We measured 276 participants on authentic and hubristic pride. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was used to identify pride-related regions.Results: The results revealed individual differences in authentic pride were associated with the fALFF in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), which has been implicated in social processing. In contrast, individual differences in hubristic pride were associated with the fALFF in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), which have been implicated in self-referential and reward processing.Conclusions: Together, our results provide initial evidence for the distinct neural substrates for authentic and hubristic pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anger is a common negative emotion in social life. Behavioral research suggests that unsatisfied relatedness, autonomy, and competence are related to anger. However, it remains unclear whether these unsatisfied needs all contribute to anger or just a particular unsatisfied need is the main source of anger. In addition, little is known about the neural substrate between unsatisfied needs and anger. To address these two questions, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to explore the neural substrate underlying the relation between unsatisfied needs and trait anger. Behaviorally, we found that although all three unsatisfied needs were correlated with trait anger, unsatisfied relatedness was the only factor that was uniquely related to trait anger. Neurally, the gray matter volume of the right amygdala was correlated with trait anger, which fits nicely with the role of the amygdala as a core region for processing anger. Importantly, the right amygdala mediated the total effect of unsatisfied relatedness on trait anger, even after controlling for general personality dispositions. Our results contribute to the theoretical conceptualization of anger by elucidating the unique role of unsatisfied relatedness in anger and the neural substrate underlying such relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor, and very few effective therapies are available to treat it. Our study aimed to understand whether pemetrexed plus cisplatin exerts a beneficial synergistic effect in human choroidal melanoma cells and to delineate the underlying molecular mechanism. To accomplish these aims, we treated choroidal melanoma cells with pemetrexed and cisplatin and assessed cell survival with SRB and MTT assays. Proteins were detected using western blotting analysis. NOXA and CHOP were knocked down with siRNA. We found that pemetrexed or cisplatin alone inhibited survival and induced apoptosis in human choroidal melanoma cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of c-FLIP, an anti-apoptotic protein in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, and Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic protein in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, were decreased by pemetrexed or cisplatin respectively, while the expression of a pro-apoptotic protein in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, NOXA, was up-regulated. Moreover, pemetrexed or cisplatin alone increased the protein expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers IRE1α, Bip and CHOP. Silencing CHOP expression reduced NOXA expression. These findings suggest that the pemetrexed or cisplatin induced intrinsic apoptosis via activation of the ER stress response. Importantly, combining the two compounds more strongly induced apoptosis. Following the cotreatment, CHOP and NOXA expression increased, while c-FLIP and Mcl-1 expression decreased, and these effects were more pronounced than when using either compound alone. This result suggests that pemetrexed and cisplatin synergistically activate ER stress response-induced apoptosis in choroidal melanoma cells. To summarize, the c-FLIP and NOXA/Mcl-1 axis participated in the synergistic effect of pemetrexed plus cisplatin in human choroidal melanoma cells. Intrinsic apoptosis was induced via activation of the ER stress response. Our study provides important mechanistic insights into potential cancer treatment with pemetrexed plus cisplatin and enriches our understanding of human choroidal melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a component of self-discipline, delay discounting refers to the ability to wait longer for preferred rewards and plays a pivotal role in shaping students' academic performance. However, the neural basis of the association between delay discounting and academic performance remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the neuroanatomical substrates underlying delay discounting and academic performance in 214 adolescents via voxel-based morphometry (VBM) by performing structural magnetic resonance imaging (S-MRI). Behaviorally, we confirmed the significant correlation between delay discounting and academic performance. Neurally, whole-brain regression analyses indicated that regional gray matter volume (rGMV) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with both delay discounting and academic performance. Furthermore, delay discounting partly accounted for the association between academic performance and brain structure. Differences in the rGMV of the left DLPFC related to academic performance explained over one-third of the impact of delay discounting on academic performance. Overall, these results provide the first evidence for the common neural basis linking delay discounting and academic performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3917-3926, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a recent concern resulting from the dramatic increase in worldwide smartphone use. Although prior studies have indicated the between-person relationship between happiness motives and PSU, less is known about the within-person connection. This study investigated the week-to-week associations between PSU and two types of happiness motives (i.e., hedonic motives and eudaimonic motives) using a weekly diary design. A sample of 270 young adults (M age = 19.06 years, SD = 0.88 years) completed the online questionnaires once a week for ten consecutive weeks. The results indicated that hedonic motives were positively linked with PSU while eudaimonic motives were negatively associated with it in the same week. More importantly, the multilevel cross-lagged path analysis showed that hedonic motives from the previous week positively predicted PSU in the following week. There was also a reverse relationship between them, whereas there was no predictive relationship between eudaimonic motives and PSU. These results provide convincing evidence that the two types of happiness motives play different roles in the development of PSU, and for the reciprocal relationships between hedonic motives and PSU. • A weekly diary method was used in the study. • In total, 270 young adults completed weekly diaries over ten consecutive weeks. • Higher weekly PSU was related to more hedonic motives and fewer eudaimonic motives. • Hedonic motives and PSU predict each other at the within-person level. • Eudaimonic motives cannot predict PSU at the within-person level, and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-oxidative aging plays an important role in changing the properties of rubber materials; it significantly decreases the fatigue life of air spring bags and further causes safety hazards. However, due to the great uncertainty of rubber material properties, an effective interval prediction model has not been established considering the effect of aging on airbag rubber properties. To solve the problem, this study proposes an interval parameter correlation model that can more accurately describe rubber crack propagation characteristics by considering material uncertainty. Furthermore, an aging prediction model of the rubber crack propagation characteristic region is established based on the Arrhenius equation. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method are verified by comparing the test and prediction results under the temperature spectrum. The method can be used to determine the variations in the interval change of the fatigue crack propagation parameters during rubber aging and can guide fatigue reliability analyses of air spring bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envy differs from common negative emotions across cultures. Although previous studies have explored the neural basis of episodic envy via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), little is known about the neural processes associated with dispositional envy. In the present study, we used regional homogeneity (ReHo) as an index in resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to identify brain regions involved in individual differences in dispositional envy, as measured by the Dispositional Envy Scale (DES). Results showed that ReHo in the inferior/middle frontal gyrus (IFG/MFG) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) positively predicted dispositional envy. Moreover, of all the personality traits measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), only neuroticism was significantly associated with dispositional envy. Furthermore, neuroticism mediated the underlying association between the ReHo of the IFG/MFG and dispositional envy. Hence, to the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that spontaneous brain activity in multiple regions related to self-evaluation, social perception, and social emotion contributes to dispositional envy. In addition, our findings reveal that neuroticism may play an important role in the cognitive processing of dispositional envy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem is a widely studied construct in psychology that is typically measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). However, a series of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have suggested that a simple and widely used unidimensional factor model does not provide an adequate explanation of RSES responses due to method effects. To identify the neural correlates of the method effect, we sought to determine whether and how method effects were associated with the RSES and investigate the neural basis of these effects. Two hundred and eighty Chinese college students (130 males; mean age = 22.64 years) completed the RSES and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Behaviorally, method effects were linked to both positively and negatively worded items in the RSES. Neurally, the right amygdala volume negatively correlated with the negative method factor, while the hippocampal volume positively correlated with the general self-esteem factor in the RSES. The neural dissociation between the general self-esteem factor and negative method factor suggests that there are different neural mechanisms underlying them. The amygdala is involved in modulating negative affectivity; therefore, the current study sheds light on the nature of method effects that are related to self-report with a mix of positively and negatively worded items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biodegradable multifunctional carrier for combination therapy with high efficiency and low side effect is essential for effective cancer treatment and for advancing biomedical applications. Therapeutics combination could reduce multidrug resistance and minimize doses through synergism. This study develops biodegradable gold nanorods@calcium carbonate particles coated with pH-responsive acetalated dextran and phospholipid as an advanced platform for the incorporation of versatile molecular targeted therapeutics, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, as well as the model enzyme, green fluorescent protein, or antibody. The developed calcium carbonate based hybrid particles show good biocompatibility, stability with photothermal, and pH responsiveness, which protect the payloads from premature release, and maintain the enzyme activity. The therapeutics co-loaded CaCO3 based hybrid particles efficiently induce cancer cell death and reduce the multidrug resistance and HER2 expression with synergism. The photothermal effects promote ultrafast therapeutics release and induce significant cytotoxicity. Importantly, Anti-HER2 antibody or HER2 targeted therapeutic is more effective in reducing HER2 expression when combined with drug or drugs via synergism. Overall, the cheap and simply manufactured biodegradable hybrid platform has great potential for advancing biomedical applications, including targeted photothermal combination therapy by co-delivery of different types of therapeutics, including molecular targeted drugs, antibodies, and enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]