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Appraisals can be influenced by cultural beliefs and stereotypes. In line with this, past research has shown that judgments about the emotional expression of a face are influenced by the face's sex, and vice versa that judgments about the sex of a person somewhat depend on the person's facial expression. For example, participants associate anger with male faces, and female faces with happiness or sadness. However, the strength and the bidirectionality of these effects remain debated. Moreover, the interplay of a stimulus' emotion and sex remains mostly unknown in the auditory domain. To investigate these questions, we created a novel stimulus set of 121 avatar faces and 121 human voices (available at https://bit.ly/2JkXrpy) with matched, fine-scale changes along the emotional (happy to angry) and sexual (male to female) dimensions. In a first experiment (N = 76), we found clear evidence for the mutual influence of facial emotion and sex cues on ratings, and moreover for larger implicit (task-irrelevant) effects of stimulus' emotion than of sex. These findings were replicated and extended in two preregistered studies-one laboratory categorization study using the same face stimuli (N = 108; https://osf.io/ve9an), and one online study with vocalizations (N = 72; https://osf.io/vhc9g). Overall, results show that the associations of maleness-anger and femaleness-happiness exist across sensory modalities, and suggest that emotions expressed in the face and voice cannot be entirely disregarded, even when attention is mainly focused on determining stimulus' sex. We discuss the relevance of these findings for cognitive and neural models of face and voice processing.

Ballard’s concept of work structuring for production planning in construction can be applied to improve production flow in construction projects formed by repetitive units with extensive customization. Customization can increase the value of repetitive units (apartments in a building, houses in an allotment, or stores in a shopping mall) forming a project, by meeting clients’ specific requirements. However, in traditional construction production systems, it commonly causes delays, stoppages, rework, increased amounts of work in progress, and excessive movement of crews and materials. The problem has been thoroughly documented and various production systems have been designed to address the trade-off between flow and value. We identify five such systems, which were originally developed following exploratory design science principles. In this work, we analyse and compare them using nine metrics to assess their performance in terms of flow and value, and to explore the role of work structuring in customized projects. The systems with the most effective flow are the Fit-Out Company and the Ecosystem Platform systems. The analysis led to the theoretical proposition of a hybrid production system called Product/Process Modularization, which may be applied and tested in the future.

By male genitalia and external characters as well as by the mtDNA COI sequence, the species from mountain of Central Asia reported earlier as Mecyna lutulentalis (Lederer, 1858) now is identified as Mecyna salangalis Amsel, 1970. The species inhabits dry steppe slopes of Hindukush, West Pamir, Central Alai and western part of Alai valley, West Tian-Shan and western part of Inner Tian-Shan. The variability of M. salangalisis shown, and the female and its genitalia are described for the first time., Por la genitalia de los machos y caracteres externos tanto como por la secuencia mtADN COI la especie de las Montañas de Asia Central Mecyna lutulentalis (Lederer, 1858) identificada como Mecyna salangalis Amsel, 1970.La especie habita en las secas estepas de Hindukush, oeste del Pamir, Alai central y parte occidental del Valle de Alai, oeste de Tian-Shans y la parte occidental de Tian-Shans. Se muestra la variabilidad de M. salangalisy la hembra y su genitalia se describen por primera vez.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a central role in food choice, and may be partly dysfunctional in obesity – a condition linked to altered attention and inhibition processes, particularly in response to food-related stimuli. We investigated the role of the PFC in subliminal visual processing and response inhibition to food pictures using anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in a sample of 53 normal weight, overweight, or obese participants. Subliminal processing was measured with a breaking continuous flash suppression task (bCFS), and inhibition with a Go/No-Go task. BMI was included in the analyses as a continuous predictor. Higher BMI was associated with prolonged subliminal processing for both food and nonfood pictures in the bCFS task, and with longer RTs in food Go trials in the Go/No-Go task. Therefore, higher BMI was associated with an attentional bias for food images during supraliminal, but not subliminal visual processing. Moreover, anodal tDCS resulted in shorter detection times in the bCFS task, especially in participants with higher BMI. We conclude that anodal tDCS affects subliminal perception and attentional processes, and speculate that these effects may explain previous reports of reduced craving and food intake after anodal tDCS.

An important question in neuroscience is which multisensory information, presented outside of awareness, can influence the nature and speed of conscious access to our percepts. Recently, proprioceptive feedback of the hand was reported to lead to faster awareness of congruent hand images in a breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm. Moreover, a vast literature suggests that spontaneous facial mimicry can improve emotion recognition, even without awareness of the stimulus face. However, integration of visual and proprioceptive information about the face to date has not been tested with CFS. The modulation of visual awareness of emotional faces by facial proprioception was investigated across three separate experiments. Face proprioception was induced with voluntary facial expressions or with spontaneous facial mimicry. Frequentist statistical analyses were complemented with Bayesian statistics. No evidence of multisensory integration was found, suggesting that proprioception does not modulate access to visual awareness of emotional faces in a CFS paradigm.

The biotope distribution of the butterflies of the Nizhny Novgorod Provnce and its regulations are discussed. Seven groups of biotopes are divided and its faunas are descrbed. The stenotopic species and the different types of eurytopic species are described, their ratio is determined. The species with the most adaptive potential are selected and their role as the most possible candidates to occupy atypical biotopes on the studied territory is discussed., Рассматривается биотопическое распределение булавоусых чешуекрылых Нижегородской области и его закономерности. Выделено 7 групп биотопов, описаны их фауны. Определены стенотопные виды и виды разной степени эвритопности, определено их соотношение. Определены виды с наибольшим адаптационным потенциалом как наиболее вероятные кандидаты на заселение нетипичных биотопов на данной территории.

A list of butterflies from Dzhumgal-Too mountain ridge in Kirghizia (Inner Tian-Shan) is presented. It contains 115 species.

A distributive list of butterflies of Tian-Shan in borders of former Soviet Union is compiled, it contains 289 species: Hesperiidae – 21 species, Papilionidae – 21 species; Pieridae – 38 species, Satyridae – 67 species, Lybitheidae – 1 species, Danaidae – 1 species, Nymphalidae – 42 species, Riodinidae – 2 species, Lycaenidae – 96 species. New synonyms are established.

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a “smile”), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a “pout”). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the “smile” and “pout” conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from ?0.11 to 0.16.

The following primary types are designated: lectotype of Argynnis eugenia montana Bang-Haas, 1906, lectotype of Argynnisamphilochus var. elatus Staudinger, 1892, neotype of Papilio tritonia Boeber, 1812 and lectotype of Melitaea trivia nana Staudinger,1871. The holotype (by monotypy) of Argynnis eugenia fulgens Bang-Haas, 1927 is figured. The type locality of Melitaea trivianana Staudinger, 1871 by lectotype designation is Macedonia. The synonymisation of taxa Boloria tritonia (Boeber, 1812) and B.elatus (Staudinger, 1892) is now objective.

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a “smile”), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a “pout”). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the “smile” and “pout” conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.11 to 0.16.

According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people’s affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a “smile”), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a “pout”). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the “smile” and “pout” conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from −0.11 to 0.16.

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