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To investigate whether the distance between the two retromolar trigones (RMTs) with the distance between the two posterior plicas (PPs) affects obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to determine a physical examination method that can be used in the selection of patients to be referred to polysomnography (PSG). The study included 86 OSAS patients and 29 healthy controls. RMTs and PPs were measured using a caliper-like device. The values obtained from these measurements were evaluated in both groups. The PPs were narrower, and the RMTs-PPs, RMTs-PPs/RMTs, and RMTs/PPs values were greater in the OSAS group (p <.05) compared to the control group. The cut-off values were 0.612 for RMTs-PPs/RMTs and 2.589 for RMTs/PPs. The specificity of these values for OSAS was 97%, and sensitivity was 57% and 58%, respectively. The presented method may play a role in preventing unnecessary PSG among patients with suspected OSAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of demographic data and comorbid diseases on the prognosis and treatment diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC). Methods: Medical records of LSCC patients treated and followed up in a single referral center between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition to the demographic data, the results of overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional-free survival (LRFS), and factors affecting recurrence were analyzed. Results: We included 573 patients with a mean age of 60.1±9.8 years. Of the 573 patients, 94.2% (540) were men, 93.7% (537) were smokers, 40.1% had at least one comorbid disease, and 69.8% (400) presented with glottic LSCC. The five-year OS, DSS, DFS, and LRFS rates for all cases were 65.7%, 79.9%, 67%, and 74.7%, respectively. In early-stage LSCC treatment, the rates of OS (p=0.008), DFS (p=0.024) and LRFS (p=0.01) were statistically significantly higher in the endolaryngeal laser surgery (ELS) group compared with the radiotherapy (RT) group. In advanced-stage LSCC treatment, total laryngectomy had statistically significantly higher five-year DFS (p=0.003) and LRFS (p=0.002) rates compared to chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion: Our study showed that ELS provided higher rates of OS, DFS, and LRFS compared to RT in the treatment of early-stage LSCC. Recurrence was significantly higher in supraglottic tumors, advanced-stage tumors, and in patients with clinical N positivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is a rapid loss of hearing, exceeding 30 dB in at least 3 consecutive frequencies within 3 days, without any identifiable cause despite thorough investigations. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of ISSHL have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the size of the cochlear nerve in patients with ISSHL and explore its relationship with pretreatment audiograms and treatment response. Subjects and Methods: A total of 125 patients (59 [47.2%] women; mean age 47.7±13.8 years [minimum-maximum: 21-76]) and 60 healthy participants (27 [45%] women; mean age 45.7±16.8 years [minimum-maximum: 20-76]) as a control group were included in this study. The size of the cochlear nerve was assessed on the affected side, compared to the control group, as well as on the unaffected side. Pretreatment and posttreatment audiological values were also analyzed. Results: The cross-sectional area (CSA), vertical diameter (VD), and horizontal diameter (HD) of the CN were found to be smaller on the affected side of ISSHL patients compared to the control group (p<0.01; p=0.04; p=0.02, respectively). In the study group (affected side of ISSHL patients), there were no significant differences in VD, HD, and CSA values between pretreatment audiogram types (p=0.23; p=0.53; p=0.39, respectively), and initial hearing levels (p=0.16; p=0.22; p=0.23, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in VD, HD, and CSA values between the recovery groups according to Furuhashi criteria (p=0.18; p=0.37; p=0.27, respectively). Conclusions: The size of the CN may be a risk factor for ISSHL, but it does not affect the type of audiogram curves and was not prognostic in terms of treatment response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to classify the degree of edema in patients with Reinke's edema (RE) and examine its impact on their voice parameters using both objective and subjective assessment methods. Methods: Objective and subjective voice data of 104 patients diagnosed with RE between 2018 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. RE is classified into 4 groups (types 1, 2, 3, and 4). The evaluation included videolaryngostroboscopic examination, acoustic voice analysis, and aerodynamic measurements, GRBAS, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), Voice-Related Quality of Life Scale (V-RQOL), and Reflux Septum Index (RSI). Results: Patients with type 1 RE had a significantly lower mean age than those with types 3-- Although there were no significant differences in acoustic and aerodynamic parameters between the groups, it was observed that F0 and the maximum phonation time decreased as the degree of edema increased. The GRBASTotal, G, and R scores of types 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of types 3 and 4, as were the scores of type 1 S. There were no statistically significant differences between the RE groups in terms of VHI-10, V-RQOL, and RSI scores. Conclusion: It has been observed that as the severity of RE increases, voice perception and quality (especially types 3 and 4) are negatively affected. Determining the degree of edema will guide the clinician in both the planning of the intervention phase and the follow-up phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze protective/regenerative effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) on 131I-Radioiodine (RAI)-induced salivary gland damage in rats.

OBJECTIVE The MAP3K8 protooncogene participates in the MEK-1, MKK-6, SAPK, NFAT, and NF-kB signaling pathways. HNSCC was shown to have overexpressed the MAP3K8 gene and chromosomal duplications; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study has linked MAP3K8 SNPs to HNSCC susceptibility in the Turkish population. In this study, it was aimed to determine whether single-nucleotide changes in the MAP3K8 gene are risk factors in the Turkish HNSCC patient group. METHODS Sixty-one HNSCC patients and 30 healthy volunteers from Türkiye were included in this study. Genomic DNA isolation was performed from peripheral blood samples. The MAP3K8 chromosome gene region 10:30451254-30451972 was amplified by PCR reaction and sequencing was carried out by Sanger sequencing protocol. RESULTS In the chromosome 10:30451254-30451972 region of MAP3K8 gene, 203 SNP codes were scanned. Among them, rs303426 polymorphism was found as statistically significant between HNSCC patient and control group. The results indicated that people who carry A allele either as being homozygote or heterozygote have more risk in developing HNSCC. CONCLUSION MAP3K8 mutations are extremely rare in HNSCC. The results of this study may be important by showing the relationship between this rare MAP3K8 SNP with the risk of HNSCC in Turkish patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of voice therapy in the treatment of patients with mutational falsetto and which parameters should be used as a more specific criterion for assessing the effectiveness of this treatment. Methods: The objective and subjective voice evaluation data from the files of patients diagnosed with mutational falsetto between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated in the study. Fundamental frequency, jitter (%), shimmer (%), noise-to-harmonics ratio, voice turbulence index, soft phonation index, voice handicap index-10, and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain scale are all used in the evaluation of voice. The acoustic and perceptual analysis findings of the patients before and after therapy were compared. Results: A total of 31 participants were enrolled in the study. After therapy, the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain scale and voice handicap index-10 scores were statistically substantially lower than before therapy (P < .05). The mean fundamental frequency of the patients before therapy was 230.65 ± 69.16 Hz, whereas after therapy, it was 126.32 ± 16.86 Hz. After therapy, there was a statistically significant difference in fundamental frequency, jitter (%), and soft phonation index values when compared to before therapy (P < .05). All patients received an average of 4 sessions of voice therapy. Conclusions: Voice therapy has been identified as a significant treatment approach among the treatment choices for individuals with mutational falsetto. Although fundamental frequency is the most prominent parameter among the acoustic analysis results for determining the efficacy of this therapy, the jitter and soft phonation index parameters were also found to be significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud/Objectives: Transoral laser laryngeal microsurgery (LTLM) has been widely used in the treatment of early-stage glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) for the past few decades. Although T stage, tumor grade, anterior commissure involvement, type of cordectomy, positive surgical margin, and postoperative additional therapies were accused as the prognostic factors for recurrence, there is still controversy about these data in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncological results of our patients with early glottic LSCC treated with LTLM as a single-modality therapy in a single-center study. Methods: Patients with early-stage (Tis-1–2/N0) glottic LSCC who underwent LTLM as a primary treatment from 2011 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological factors and oncologic outcomes were analyzed. Results: One hundred and sixty-one patients were enrolled in this study. The 5-year overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), disease-free (DFS), and laryngectomy-free survival rates were 84.5%, 97.9%, 79.2%, and 93.5%, respectively. The most common stage, histopathological type, and type of endoscopic cordectomy were T1 stage, well-differentiated cancer, and type 2 cordectomy, respectively. A positive surgical margin was defined in 20 (12.4%) patients. There was a significant relationship between histopathological grade and positive surgical margins (p = 0.038). OS and DSS rates of "wait and see" modality were lower, while DFS of radiotherapy was lower than that of other treatment modalities in patients with positive surgical margins, but the differences were not statistically significant. Nineteen (11.8%) patients had a recurrence. DSS was statistically significantly lower in patients with recurrence (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that anterior commissure involvement, surgical margin positivity, and higher T stage statistically did not reduce survival rates in early-stage LSCC patients treated with LTLM. As the histopathological grade of the tumor worsens, the risk of surgical margin positivity increases. RT may have a negative effect on recurrence and organ preservation in the additional treatment of patient with positive surgical margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of surgical treatment on blood parameters in patients with parathyroid adenoma. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma, who underwent surgery between November 2011 and April 2016, were investigated retrospectively. These patients were evaluated according to white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, hematocrit, mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and calcium and parathormone (PTH) levels before and after the surgery. Results: The study included 103 patients. The number of male patients was 22 (21.4%), and the number of female patients was 81 (78.6%). The age of the patients ranged between 7 and 87, and the mean age was 54.7 ± 14.3. Preoperative and postoperative changes in lymphocyte, platelet, hematocrit, MPV, calcium and PTH levels were found to be statistically significant in our study, but the changes in NLR and PLR were not. Conclusion: Hyperparathyroidism is a reason for chronic inflammation and may affect blood inflammation parameters. However, the correlation between NLR, PLR, and serum PTH levels was not statistically significant. This can be explained by the fact that surgery causes a significant change in the number of both platelets and lymphocytes. We found a positive correlation between lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, hematocrit, MPV, and serum PTH levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: To evaluate the clinical and histopathological effects of fetal brain tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (FBTMSC) and fibrin glue (FG) on the facial nerve (FN) regeneration in rats with traumatic FN injury. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and divided into 4 groups. Traumatic FN injury (FP) was created by a surgical clamp compression to the main trunk of left FN in all groups. In the control group (group 1) no treatment was applied, in group 2 (FBTMSC group) 2 × 106 FBTMSC was injected, in group 3 (FG group) only FG was applied, in group 4 (FBTMSC and FG groups) both FBTMSC and FG were applied to the injured section of the nerve. The FN functions were evaluated clinically, immediately after the procedure and at 3rd, 5th, and 8th weeks postoperatively. The FNs of all subjects were excised after the 8th week; then the rats were sacrificed. The presence of stem cells in the injured zone was assessed using bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL method. Results: After the damage, total FP was observed in all subjects. Statistically significant functional improvement was observed in group 4 compared to all other groups (P < 0.005). TUNEL-positive cell count was statistically significantly higher in the control group than the other groups (P < 0.001). TUNEL-positive cell count was statistically significantly lower in group 4 than the other groups. The proportion of BrdU-stained cells in group 4 (5%) was higher than group 2 (2%). Conclusion: Clinically and histopathologically FBTMSC applied with FG may play a promising role as a regenerative treatment in posttraumatic FP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]