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В статье представлено исследование состояния инновационных процессов в экономике России с позиции международного уровня и внутри страны, на уровне регионов. Рассмотрены государственные инструменты и институты развития инновационной деятельности малых и средних предприятий, проблемы данного инновационного сектора.

В статье рассматриваются причины актуальности проблемы формирования информационно-психологической безопасности личности подростков на современном этапе. Охарактеризованы положительные и отрицательные стороны информатизации общества в аспекте их влияния на подрастающее поколение. Рассмотрены факторы риска информационно-психологической безопасности и их роль в организации управления процессом обучения подростков информационно-психологической безопасности. Приведены основные условия информационно-психологической безопасности личности.

The coronavirus pandemic has made significant adjustments to the educational process, including the higher education system. The purpose of the study: to study the features of the daily routine, motor activity and nutrition, to assess the psycho-emotional indicators, including the level of depression, anxiety in junior students of various specialties during distance learning. Materials and methods: the survey involved 133 respondents (84.6 % female, 15.4 % male) aged 17 to 22 years (M = 18.89; SD = 1.52). The data was collected remotely between November and December 2020. The following methods were used: the author’s questionnaire aimed at studying the regime moments, eating habits and physical activity of students, as well as the assessment of the academic load, the questionnaire «Well-being, activity, mood», the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger — Hanin anxiety scale (STAI). The results obtained showed that within the framework of distance learning in self-isolation, such deviations from the recommended hygienic parameters were revealed in junior students, such as an unbalanced diet, a reduced level of physical activity, an increase in school time and sleep deprivation. Conclusion: a close relationship between the physical and emotional states of students is revealed. At the same time, it is the nature of physical activity that is a parameter that combines the physical and emotional well-being of students. The lack of formation of psychohygienic attitudes among students actualizes measures aimed at better coordination of the educational process, activation of curatorial support for students, as well as the development and communication of recommendations to students on the organization of regime moments during distance learning.

Previous efforts on assessing static strength of the flange joint components of the emergency cooling heat exchanger 08.8111.335 SB (ECHE) performed using the finite element method (FEM) revealed that there is an excess of permissible stress values for flange joint components of heat exchanger Dn2130 and Dn2080. These static strength calculations considered the design values for tightening of flange studs. Failure to meet the strength conditions flange joint components is due to the fact that the effect of «protrusion» under pressure of the bottom and shell attached to the flanges, as well as depending on the tightening force of the studs, the system of equilibrium applied force changes. This, in turn, leads to deformation of flange joint components. The paper presents an approach to reducing stress in flange joint components of ECHE first used at ZNPP-4. As a result of additional iterative calculations, the boundary conditions under which the strength conditions in all flange joint components of the heat exchanger are met are determined. In addition, the compliance with tightness condition for flange connections is considered. Thus, the analysis of the calculations established that when the tightening value of flange connection Dn2080 studs equal to 6800 kgf (corresponding to the torque on the key of 65 kg ∙m), the strength conditions for all groups of reduced stresses in all elements of the flange unite. In addition, at this value of stud tightening, the tightness of the flange connection Dn2080 is maintained. Analysis of similar iterative calculations of flange connection Dn2130 shows that for this flange connection it is recommended to reduce the tightening of the flange connection studs to the value of 14600 kgf, which is equal to the torque on the key of 145 kg ∙ m.

The reliability and trouble-free operation of nuclear power plants is due to the reliability of the pipeline systems connecting the main and auxiliary equipment. The main elements of such systems are power valves, the reliable operation of which largely determines the reliability of the NPP as a whole. At the same time, one of the problems that reduce the service life of the reinforcement is the erosive wear of its main elements. The article is devoted to the development and experimental research of reinforcement with increased resistance to erosion wear. The problems associated with the operation of valves and the relevance of the raised problem are shown. It should be noted that the study of such a valve is performed for the first time. A feature of the valve design is that the medium, passing through the regulator, does not leave the valve, but enters the porous filling, where the flow rate and associated noise are effectively damped. The article presents an experimental design of such a valve and describes an experimental stand for its research, gives a description of research methods. To study the flow in the porous layer, 12 sensors were used, inserted into the layer. Fractional polyethylene was used as a porous backfill, therefore the experiment was carried out at low pressures and normal temperatures. As a result of the experiment, the pressure distribution in the porous layer was obtained depending on the degree of valve opening and the increase in flow through it. Nonlinear dependences are obtained at average flow rates and linear at maximum and minimum flow rates. It has been established that in such reinforcement the section with a high velocity of the medium will be in a porous backfill. The study of the hydraulic characteristic showed that this characteristic has near linear character, similar for flows in porous media.

One of the areas for improving military tracked and wheeled vehicles is considered, nmely the use a hybrid power plant. A problem is determining the effectiveness of using a hybrid power plant in military vehicles. An analysis of foreign samples the military tracked and wheeled vehicles with an integrated hybrid power plant and their technical characteristics is carried out. A selection of traction electrical equipment for the construction a hybrid power plant for a tank and an armored personnel carrier was made. The technical characteristics of traction electric motors are considered: SUMO HD HV3500-9P company DANA (Canada), EMRAX 348 company Enstroj (Slovenia); traction Li-ion battery company WB Electronic (Poland), SUMO HP HV900-3P motor generator (LSG130 generator) DANA company (Canada). A study was done on the composing а components of the hybrid power plant in engine and transmission compartment and the hull of the T-72 tank, BMT-72 heavy infantry fighting vehicle and BTR-4MV1 armored personnel carrier. The study was conducted by modeling and comparative analysis. The simulation was carried out in a computer-aided design system Creo Parametric 2.0. As a result of the study, the technical characteristics of the BMT-72 and BTR-4MV1 products were determined with the introduction of a hybrid power plant on them. It was found that the use of a hybrid power plant on the BMT-72 product did not lead to improvement in speed characteristics and increase the power reserve, in addition to ensuring movement on traction batteries up to21 kmon a dry dirt road. The use of a hybrid power plant on armored personnel carrier BTR-4MV1 improves its maneuverability when applying a power transmission scheme from a traction motor to each wheel separately, provides movement on traction batteries up to53 kmon a dry dirt road. The total power reserve will be no less than the base product, since the capacity of the fuel system did not decrease. The estimated maximum speed of an armored personnel carrier with a hybrid power plant corresponds to the maximum speed of the base product and is110 km/h. The introduction a hybrid power plant on military tracked vehicles weighing 40-50 tons is not advisable due to insufficient electric power, large overall dimensions a traction batteries and large mass of the product. A promising direction is the introduction a hybrid power plant on military wheeled vehicles weighing up to 30 tons. To implement a hybrid power plant on armored personnel carrier according to the scheme of transferring power from the traction electric motor to the wheel, it is necessary to develop a gearbox design with two gears.

The intensive development of industry, agriculture, and transportation causes many issues related to the negative impact on the environment and human health. Harmful products of human technogenic activity accumulate in the environment. Due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, etc.), the effects of global warming are already being observed. Research that addresses the challenges of climate change mitigation and creates science-based assumptions for new environmental monitoring systems and technologies is becoming more and more relevant.A new two drone system with a variable optical path for measuring greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2) is currently in development. Here, we will present a distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy system which is used for measuring methane concentrations in the atmosphere. The DFB laser for methane measurements is being operated at 3371.5 nm and 3368.8 nm, for higher and lower concentrations respectively.The results of the Allan-Werle deviation analysis will be introduced. Also, measurement capabilities and detection limits of the system will be presented and discussed.

В статье рассматривается влияние гимнастики на формирование мотивационных установок к здоровому образу жизни студенток. Цель работы: определить фактическое состояние здоровья студенток, занимающихся гимнастикой. Выявить сформулированность установок на здоровый образ жизни. Проанализировать статистические данные и изучить специальную литературу по данной проблеме, сформулировать основные мотивационные установки на здоровый образ жизни.

One of the areas for improving military tracked and wheeled vehicles is considered, nmely the use a hybrid power plant. A problem is determining the effectiveness of using a hybrid power plant in military vehicles. An analysis of foreign samples the military tracked and wheeled vehicles with an integrated hybrid power plant and their technical characteristics is carried out. A selection of traction electrical equipment for the construction a hybrid power plant for a tank and an armored personnel carrier was made. The technical characteristics of traction electric motors are considered: SUMO HD HV3500-9P company DANA (Canada), EMRAX 348 company Enstroj (Slovenia); traction Li-ion battery company WB Electronic (Poland), SUMO HP HV900-3P motor generator (LSG130 generator) DANA company (Canada).A study was done on the composing а components of the hybrid power plant in engine and transmission compartment and the hull of the T-72 tank, BMT-72 heavy infantry fighting vehicle and BTR-4MV1 armored personnel carrier. The study was conducted by modeling and comparative analysis. The simulation was carried out in a computer-aided design system Creo Parametric 2.0.As a result of the study, the technical characteristics of the BMT-72 and BTR-4MV1 products were determined with the introduction of a hybrid power plant on them. It was found that the use of a hybrid power plant on the BMT-72 product did not lead to improvement in speed characteristics and increase the power reserve, in addition to ensuring movement on traction batteries up to21 kmon a dry dirt road. The use of a hybrid power plant on armored personnel carrier BTR-4MV1 improves its maneuverability when applying a power transmission scheme from a traction motor to each wheel separately, provides movement on traction batteries up to53 kmon a dry dirt road. The total power reserve will be no less than the base product, since the capacity of the fuel system did not decrease. The estimated maximum speed of an armored personnel carrier with a hybrid power plant corresponds to the maximum speed of the base product and is110 km/h.The introduction a hybrid power plant on military tracked vehicles weighing 40-50 tons is not advisable due to insufficient electric power, large overall dimensions a traction batteries and large mass of the product. A promising direction is the introduction a hybrid power plant on military wheeled vehicles weighing up to 30 tons. To implement a hybrid power plant on armored personnel carrier according to the scheme of transferring power from the traction electric motor to the wheel, it is necessary to develop a gearbox design with two gears., Розглянуто питання ефективності застосування гібридної силової установки на військових машинах. Проведено аналіз закордонних зразків військових гусеничних і колісних машин з впровадженою гібридною силовою установкою та їх технічних характеристик. Виконано вибір тягового електроустаткування для побудови гібридної силової установки для танка та бронетранспортера. Здійснено дослідження компонування складових гібридної силової установки у моторно-трансмісійному відділенні і корпусі танка Т-72, важкої бойової машини піхоти БМТ-72 та бронетранспортера БТР-4МВ1. Визначено технічні характеристики виробів БМТ-72 та БТР-4МВ1 при впровадженні у них гібридної силової установки.