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There has been discussion if the use of mobile phones causes accidents. We studied workers’ accidents and near accidents related to the use of phones. This study is part of a large cross-sectional study that was carried out on 15,000 working-age Finns. We noticed that there were 4–5 times more close call situations than accidents connected to mobile phones and also work related accidents were fewer than leisure related. There are confusing parameters like the use of mobile phones at work, differences in work content between women and men., {"references":["L. Raine, \"Cell phone ownership hits 91% of adults,\" 2013, (Online) Retrieved from www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/06/cell-phone-ownership-hits-91-of-adults.","A. Saltos, D. Smith, K. Schreiber, S. Lichenstein, R. Lichenstein, \"Cell-phone related injuries in the United States from 2000‒2012,\" Journal of Safety Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, Mon. 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jss.v1i1.7470","Pew Research Center, \"Device ownership over time,\" 2014, (Online) Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/data-trend/mobile/device-ownership/","Eurostat, \"Accidents at work and work related health problem data,\" Jan. 2013 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/health/ accidents_work_work_related_health_problems/data/database","Eurostat request DK533, 2013, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ xtnetassist/login.htm?requestId=DK533.","K. Jørgensen, \"Serious work accidents and their causes - An analysis of data from Eurostat,\" Safety Science Monitor, vol. 19, no. 2, article 2, 2015.","L. Korpinen, N. Suuronen, J. Latva-Teikari, R. Pääkkönen, \"Questionnaire on the health effects of new technical equipment,\" International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 39, pp. 105–114, Mon. 2009.","L. Korpinen, R. Pääkkönen, \"Accidents and close call situations connected to the use of mobile phones,\" Accident Analysis and Prevention, vol. 45, pp. 75–82, Mon. 2012."]}

The objective of the study is to assess the implementation of LED lighting into forest machine work in the dark. In addition, the paper includes a wide variety of important and relevant safety and health parameters. In modern, computerized work in the cab of forest machines, artificial illumination is a demanding task when performing duties, such as the visual inspections of wood and computer calculations. We interviewed entrepreneurs and gathered the following as the most pertinent themes: (1) safety, (2) practical problems, and (3) work with LED lighting. The most important comments were in regards to the practical problems of LED lighting. We found indications of technical problems in implementing LED lighting, like snow and dirt on the surfaces of lamps that dim the emission of light. Moreover, service work in the dark forest is dangerous and increases the risks of on-site accidents. We also concluded that the amount of blue light to the eyes should be assessed, especially, when the drivers are working in a semi-dark cab., {"references":["D. E. Blask, G. C. Brainard, R. T. Dauchy, J. P. Hanifin, L. K.\nDavidson, et al., \"Melatonin-depleted blood from premenopausal\nwomen exposed to light at night stimulates growth of human breast\ncancer xenografts in nude rats,\" Cancer Res, vol. 65, pp. 11174–11184,\nDec 2005.","F. Behar-Cohen, C. Martinsons, F. Vienot, G. Zissis, A. Barlier- Salsi, J.\nP. Cesarini, et al., \"Light-emitting diodes (LED) for domestic lighting:\nany risks for the eye?\" Prog Retin Eye Res, vol. 30, pp. 239–257, July\n2011.","EN 62471 standards. Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems.","EN 12464-1 standard. 2002. Light and lighting. Lighting of work places.\nPart 1: Indoor work places.","F. Hafezi, A. Marti, K. Munz, C. E. Reme, \"Light-induced apoptosis:\ndifferential timing in the retina and pigment epithelium,\" Exp Cell Res,\nvol. 64, pp. 963–970, June 1997.","J. Hansen, \"Light at night, shiftwork, and breast cancer risk,\" J Natl\nCancer Inst, vol. 93, pp. 1513–1515, Oct 2001.","D. C. Holzman, \"What's in a color? The unique human health effect of\nblue light,\" Environ Health Perspect, vol. 118, pp. A22–A27, Jan 2010;\ndoi:10.1289/ehp.118-a22.","T. Kubo, K. Ozasa, K. Mikami K, \"Prospective cohort study of the risk\nof prostate cancer among rotating-shift workers: findings from the Japan\nCollaborative Cohort Study,\" Am J Epidemiol, vol. 164, pp. 549–555,\nSept 2006.","Lightingeurope Guide On Photobiological Safety In General Lighting\nProducts For Use In Working Places. Edition February 2013.\n[10] MetsäTrans tilastot 2006.\nhttp://www.metsatrans.com/Lehdet/tilastot2_07.pdf\n[11] K. Spiegel, K. Knutson, R. Leproult, E. Tasali, E. Van Cauter,\"Sleep\nloss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes,\" J\nAppl Physiol, vol. 99, pp. 2008–2019, Nov 2005.\n[12] K. Spiegel, E. Tasali, P. Penev, E. Van Cauter E, \"Sleep curtailment in\nhealthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated\nghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite,\" Ann Intern Med, vol.\n141, pp. 846–850, Dec 2004.\n[13] A. Spivey, 2011, \"The mixed blessing of phosphor-based white LEDs,\"\nEnviron Health Perspect, vol. 119, pp. A472–A473, Nov 2011;\ndoi:org/10.1289/ehp.119-a472.\n[14] V. Srinivasan, M. Smits, W. Spence, A. D. Lowe, L. Kayumov, S. R.\nPandi-Perumal, et al., \"Melatonin in mood disorders,\" World J Biol\nPsychiatry, vol. 7, pp. 138–151, 2006.\n[15] Stevens et al., \"Meeting report: the role of environmental lighting and\ncircadian disruption in cancer and other diseases,\" Environmental Health\nPerspectives, vo. 115, pp. 1357–1362, Sept 2007.\n[16] US Department of Energy. Building Technologies office. Solid state\nlightning fact sheet. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/\npdfs/ssl/light_at_night.pdf\n[17] J. Wu, S. Seregard, P. V. Algvere, \"Photochemical damage of the\nretina,\" Surv Ophthalmol, vol. 51, pp. 461–481, Sep-Oct 2006.\n[18] L.A. Levin, F.H. Adler, Adler's Physiology of the Eye. Edingburg:\nSaunders/Elsevier, 2011."]}

The number of persons with implanted cardiac pacemakers (PM) has increased in Western countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible situations where persons with a PM may be exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF) electric (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) that may disturb their PM. Based on our earlier studies, it is possible to find such high public exposure to EFs only in some places near 400 kV power lines, where an EF may disturb a PM in unipolar mode. Such EFs cannot be found near 110 kV power lines. Disturbing MFs can be found near welding machines. However, we do not have measurement data from welding. Based on literature and earlier studies at Tampere University of Technology, it is difficult to find public EF or MF exposure that is high enough to interfere with PMs., {"references":["G. Chiara, V. Primiani, and F. Moglie, \"Experimental and numeric\ninvestigation about electromagnetic interference between implantable\ncardiac pacemaker and magnetic fields at power line frequency,\" Ann.\nIst. Super Sanita, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 248–253,2007.","D. Marco, G. Eisinger, and D. L. Hayes, \"Testing of work environments\nfor electromagnetic interference,\" Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., vol. 15,\npp. 2016–2022, 1992.","M. Hirose, M. Hida, E. Sato, K. Kokubo, M. Nie, and H. Kobayashi,\n\"Electromagnetic interference of implantable unipolar cardiac\npacemakers by an induction oven,\" Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., vol. 28,\npp. 540–548, 2005.","A. Trigano, P. Deloy, O. Blandeau, and S. Levy, \"Arc welding\ninterference recorded by an implanted cardiac pacemaker,\" Int. J.\nCardiol., vol. 109, pp. 132–134, 2006.","S. Lee, K. Fu, T. Kohno, B. Ransford, W. H. Maisel, \"Clinically\nsignificant magnetic interference of implanted cardiac devices by\nportable headphones,\" Heart Rhythm, vol. 6, pp. 1432–1436, 2009.","M. Souques, I. Magne, and J. Lambrozo, \"Implantable cardioverter\ndefibrillator and 50-Hz electric and magnetic fields exposure in the\nworkplace,\" Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, vol. 84, pp. 1–6, 2011.","M. Tiikkaja, A. L. Aro, T. Alanko, H. Lindholm, H. Sistonen, J. E. K.\nHartikainen, L. Toivonen, J. Juutilainen, and M. Hietanen,\n\"Electromagnetic interference with cardiac pacemakers and implantable\ncardioverter-defibrillators from low frequency electromagnetic fields in\nvivo,\" Europace, vol. 15, pp. 388–394, 2013.","L. Korpinen, H. Kuisti, J. Elovaara, and V. Virtanen, \"Cardiac\npacemakers in electric and magnetic fields of 400-kV power lines,\"\nPacing Clin. Electrophysiol., vol. 35, pp. 422–430, 2012.","L. Korpinen, H. Kuisti, J. Elovaara, V. Virtanen, \"Response,\" Pacing\nClin. Electrophysiol., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 267–268, 2013.\n[10] L. Korpinen, H. Kuisti, J. Elovaara, and V. Virtanen, \"implantable\ncardioverter defibrillators in electric and magnetic fields of 400 kV\npower lines,\" Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol., vol. 37, pp. 297–303, 2014.\n[11] J. Katrib, M. Nadi, D. Kourtiche, I. Magne, P. Schmitt, M. Souques, P.\nRoth, \"In vitro assessment of the immunity of implantable cardioverterdefibrillators\nto magnetic fields of 50/60 Hz,\" Physiol. Meas., vol. 34,\nno. 10, pp. 1281–1292, 2013.\n[12] CENELEC – European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization,\n2010. Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic\nfields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices – Part 1:\nGeneral. Brussels, Belgium.\n[13] CENELEC – European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization,\n2011. Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic\nfields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices – Part 2-1:\nSpecific assessment for workers with cardiac pacemakers. Brussels,\nBelgium.\n[14] STM (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health in Finland), 2002. Decree\non the limitation of public exposure to non-ionizing radiation\n(294/2002). Helsinki, 47 p. (In Finnish).\n[15] J. Elovaara, H. Kuisti, and L. Korpinen, 2009, \"Workers exposure to\nelectric fields in 400 kV substation and overhead line works,\" in 2009\nProc. International Colloquium Power Frequency Electromagnetic\nFields ELF EMF, 3–4 June 2009, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina,\nCommittee for Bosnia and Herzegovina and CIGRE SCs, B2 –\nOverhead Lines, B1 – Insulated Cables, B3 – Substations, B4 – HVDC\nand Power Electronics, C3 – System Environmental Performance and\nC4 – System Technical Performance, paper 15, 8 p.\n[16] R. Lehtelä, T. Laurila, L. Österholm, and L. Korpinen, \"Magnetic field\nexposure of 110 kV underground power cables,\" in 2009 Proc. BIOEM\n2009, June 14-19, 2009, Davos, Switzerland, 2 p.\n[17] T. Keikko, \"Technical management of the electric and magnetic fields in\nelectric power system,\" Doctoral dissertation, Tampere University of\nTechnology, 422.\n[18] F. Gobba, R. Pääkkönen, H. Tarao, and L. Korpinen, \"The possible\nexposure of children to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in the\nhome,\" in 2012 Moscow Proc. PIERS, pp. 2012, Moscow proceedings,\nAugust 19–23, 2012, Moscow, Russia. Progress in Electromagnetics\nresearch symposium 286–288.\n[19] R. Pääkkönen, M. Lundström, J, Mustaparta, L. Korpinen, \"Preliminary\nmeasurements of smart meter electromagnetic field (50-100 kHz)\nemissions in Finland\" 8th International Workshop on Biological Effects\nof Electromagnetic Fields. 21st -25th September 2014, Varna, Bulgaria\n[20] R. Pääkkönen, M. Lundström, J, Mustaparta, L. Korpinen, \"Examples of\nelectromagnetic field (50–100 kHz) emissions from smart meters in\nFinland\" Radioprotection, (in press)\n[21] R. Pääkkönen, L. Korpinen, Emission of smart meter electromagnetic\nfield (50–100 kHz) in Finland, CIRED2015- 23rd International\nConference on Electricity Distribution, Lyon, 15-18 June 2015\n(accepted)\n[22] R. Pääkkönen, M. Lundström, J, Mustaparta, L. Korpinen, \"Exposure to\nRF fields during the remote readings of the smart meter in Finland\", 8th\nInternational Workshop on Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields.\n21st -25th September 2014, Varna, Bulgaria\n[23] L. Korpinen, A. Lähdetie, Å. Amundin, H. Piippo, L. Sydänheimo,\n\"Example measurements of exposure to ELF magnetic fields on the\nmetro station in Finland\", 8th International Workshop on Biological\nEffects of Electromagnetic Fields. 21st -25th September 2014, Varna,\nBulgaria\n[24] A. Trigano, O. Blandeau, M. Souques, J. P. Gernez, and I. Magne,\n\"Clinical study of interferences with cardiac pacemakers by a magnetic\nfield at power-line frequency,\" J. Am. Coll. Cadiol., vol. 45, pp. 896–\n900, 2005."]}