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In recent years, Kazakhstan has demonstrated a strong commitment to make the civil service system open and transparent to its citizens. The country has introduced an e-government system to improve access to information and allow public consultation on civil service. Reforms of the civil service aim to reduce corruption in the civil service and to ensure a transition to a career-based model, meritocracy, and result-based remuneration.

As a fossil fuel-dependent nation, Kazakhstan is caught between issues and possibilities in its search for a sustainable energy transition. Despite its tremendous resources, Kazakhstan’s renewable energy capacity is 1%, much behind its non-renewable peers. According to this research, green fiscal policies in renewable energy firms are needed to reduce the country’s political and economic dependence on the global oil sector. This report emphasizes regional collaboration and Kazakh-stan’s potential leadership in Central Asian Green Economy projects. Kazakhstan can promote renewable energy adoption and economic sustainability by forming regional alliances.

The civil service in the Republic of Kazakhstan is undergoing significant transformations in response to emerging demands and challenges. This study investigates the factors influencing civil service development effectiveness, focusing on both internal and external comparative analyses. We identify critical determinants shaping the civil service system, utilizing secondary data and expert interviews (N=24). Key findings highlight that political will is essential for fostering a modern civil service aligned with fundamental principles of transparency, accountability, and efficiency. Despite some progress in anti-corruption measures and regulatory quality, obstacles still need to be addressed, including a lack of transparency in processes and issues related to employee remuneration and work conditions. Furthermore, political stability and social factors, such as the professionalization of the civil service and the attractiveness of public sector careers, significantly impact reform outcomes. Economic considerations, including wage disparities and budgetary constraints, also play a crucial role. Finally, technological advancements present opportunities and challenges, particularly in digital transformation and e-government initiatives. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that address these diverse factors to enhance the effectiveness and resilience of Kazakhstan's civil service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Corruption is one of the most dangerous phenomena in many developing countries, including Kazakhstan. The negative effect of corruption can be felt directly or indirectly by all residents, largely due to the negative impact on the country’s economy. The principal-agent model, where one party supplies a bribe and the other party accepts it, can be applied to almost all corruption offenses. At the same time, the interests of both parties are taken into account and can be calculated numerically when using this model. In the modern world, indicators within this model can be influenced by specific tools that reduce the risk of a corruption case, including cases when information and communication technology (ICT) is used. ICT, by the power of its capacity to control, trace, report, examine, and distribute enormous quantities of information, may encourage nations to identify and detain criminals, and prevent ultimate fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]