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報告, Reports, 本学看護学部における急性期看護学実習は、2021 年８月から９月の新型コロナウイルス感染症（Corona Virus Disease；COVID-19）の感染拡大により学内実習となった。本学内実習は、模擬電子カルテMedi-EYE（Medi-LX）上の患者の看護過程を展開しながら、立案した看護計画を演習において実践し評価することで、周術期看護を学修するものである。学生は、模擬電子カルテに日々追加される情報を基に、患者の回復過程や予測される合併症、必要な看護を具体的に考え、模擬電子カルテの操作や演習などの体験を通し、周術期にある患者に必要な看護を学修できていた。今後は、学生のレディネスや臨床状況を反映した模擬電子カルテの情報整理・演習内容の検討、学修効果の評価が課題である。

報告, Reports, 2020 年の新型コロナウイルス感染症（以下、COVID-19）の世界的感染拡大により、生活のあらゆる場面における情報通信技術（Information and Communication Technology；以下、ICT）の重要性が飛躍的に高まり、看護基礎教育においては、ICT を生かした看護実践能力を育む新たな教育手法の開発とその知見の蓄積が喫緊の課題となった。 このような学修環境の変化を契機に、2020 年度より本学の成人看護学領域は、専用クラウド上の映像教材（以下、コンテンツ）に個人が所有する端末でアクセスすることで、それらコンテンツを自由に活用できる「映像システム」を取り入れた教育を開始した。 映像システムは、2020 年度開講された全ての成人看護学関連科目において活用され、特にCOVID-19 の感染拡大状況により、その教育手法が大きく影響をうける実習においては、多様な形で用いられていた。今後は、映像システムの活用状況や教育効果に関する評価、さらに組織的な使用環境の整備などが課題である。

報告, Reports, 本学看護学部の成人看護学における3 年次春セメスター必修科目「成人看護援助論演習」では、主体的学修を基盤とする協働学修を取り入れた看護過程演習を実施している。2020 年度においては、新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）拡大により、面接授業が困難となり、遠隔授業による実施を迫られた。本稿では、短期間で修正した具体的な教育の実践内容およびその過程で生じた課題や対応策等について報告した。看護過程演習では、オンデマンド授業を主体に一部同時配信授業を取り入れ、学習管理システム（Learning Management System）を活用し、学生の提出課題へ教員が個別に対応しながら、学修過程を支援した。新型コロナウイルス感染症の収束の兆しが見えない中（2020 年12 月現在）、今後さらに情報通信技術を活用した学生への効果的・効率的な教育方法の在り方を検討していくことが課題である。

報告, Reports, A 大学看護学部における臨地看護学実習は3 年次10 月秋セメスターから4 年次春セメスターで実施している。2020 年4 月新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）の拡大により臨地看護学実習は各施設から実習受け入れ中止の連絡があり、急性期看護学実習は遠隔実習を実施することが迫られた。短期間で遠隔実習の内容の検討を行い、事例患者を用いた看護過程の展開、周術期看護関連の文献レポートやがんによる手術体験者の講話を実施した。グループワーク、個別指導等はWeb 会議システムZoom（Zoom Video Communications，Inc．）を、課題の提出等は学習管理システム（Learning Management System）を活用し、3 週間の遠隔実習において概ね実習目標の達成ができた。 今後は遠隔実習用シミュレーション教育の導入、事例の検討、実習施設との更なる協力体制の整備など、遠隔実習における効果的な実習内容の検討が課題である。

報告, Reports, 近年の医療の高度化・専門化に伴い、看護基礎教育における高度な看護実践能力育成のための効果的教育方法としてシミュレーション教育が注目されている。急性期看護学実習では、学生は不安や緊張の強い中で、手術を受け刻一刻と変化する患者と患者を取り巻く状況を踏まえた看護実践が求められるため、主体的に学修することが困難となる側面が多い。そのため、患者の安全を守りつつ、学生が安心して学ぶことができるシミュレーション教育への期待は大きい。本学の急性期看護学実習では、2019 年度より高機能シミュレーターを用い、臨床現場における手術直後の患者の状況を可能な限り忠実に再現したシミュレーション教育を導入し、その手ごたえを得た。今後は、教員のファシリテーション能力の向上、教育効果の検証、大学のカリキュラムにおける体系的な展開などが課題である。

A 34-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with lower extremity edema and proteinuria during pregnancy. Renal biopsy was performed and the patient was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome due to lupus-like membranous nephropathy. This diagnosis was reached upon as laboratory findings upon admission, wherein both anti-nuclear and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies revealed negative, did not fulfill the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the patient did not reveal any typical physical manifestations of SLE. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was started followed by oral administration of prednisolone. Urinary protein excretion diminished after 1 year of treatment. Eleven years later, the same patient was admitted to our hospital again with relapse of nephrotic syndrome. Laboratory findings upon second admission, wherein both anti-nuclear and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies revealed positive, fulfilled the ACR criteria. Renal biopsy was performed again, resulting in a diagnosis of lupus nephritis. Steroid therapy combined with administration of mycophenolate mofetil led to an incomplete remission. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the presence of IgG, IgM, C3, and C1q in renal biopsy specimens both at first and second admissions. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies confirmed the presence of IgG1–4 in the first biopsy and tubuloreticular inclusions (TRIs) were revealed using electron microscopy. The present case represents the possibility that characteristic pathological findings of lupus nephritis, including TRIs, can reveal themselves before a diagnosis of SLE.

Recently, a new manufacturing method called Origami-forming is developed, based on traditional Origami approach. In particular, the new method follows the same steps as Origami, applying for wider rank of material (soft and hard material such as aluminum, high tensile steel, etc), and folding by a reconfigurable robot system. This method is suitable for high-variety low-volume, because of the unnecessary of die and punches. However, achieving the goal is still a challenge for researchers. Bending of hard material causes springback, increase risk of cracking, and require large pressure. In this study, by mimicking from the traditional Origami that we should make crease line before folding, bending method by grooving at the bend-line is proposed to reduce the necessary force to constraint the blank and get a high limit of bending. Firstly, several shapes of groove are compared: half-circle, gauss distribution, half-haxegon and rectangle. Then based on the comparison, the optimization of the shape is investigated. Lastly, handling system is considered to find an effective way of grasping the blank.Copyright © 2015 by ASME

In order to produce the origami-based foldable structures, designers have to determine the industrial material type, the geometry of structures and dimensions etc. These structures may be deformed in proportion to the load at the first step, and show the property of spring. Next step, the deformation will become non-linear conduct. However, deformation mechanism in these structures cannot be estimated yet well. So, appropriate design for shock absorbers cannot be done easily. In this paper, by experiments and FEM analysis, we present the theory of deformation mechanism on origami based foldable structures, which are made of resin or metal, have many types of dimensions and geometry. This theory shows not only the relationship between dimensions of structures and spring constant but also the relationship between material constant and the load to fold structures.

In our previous study, we calculated the time course of parison length in the parison formation stage, but it could predict only the parison area swell. The next target in our study is to calculate the parison diameter and thickness swell. Annular extrudate swell simulation is necessary for the understanding of various kinds of swelling ratios in blow molding. We have examined three kinds of swells (outer diameter, thickness, and area swells) obtained from simulation results of annular extrudate swell, using the Giesekus model, and have developed a method of predicting parison outer diameter and thickness swell values. The predicted values of parison outer diameters are discussed in comparison with experimental data, and reasonable results are obtained by the proposed method. This prediction method could also be applied to the parison formation process using a parison controller. As a result, it is possible to predict approximately the whole process of parison formation by numerical simulation.

The simulation of the parison formation process in blow molding has been studied. The flow field was divided into two regions, namely, the extrudate swell region near the die lip and the parison formation region after the exit swell. In the swell region, we predicted the swelling ratio and residual stress distribution for high Weissenberg numbers for steady planar swell using the 1-mode Giesekus model. In the parison formation region, the flow is assumed to be an unsteady unaxial elongational flow including drawdown and recoverable swell and is modeled using the 10-mode Giesekus model. We calculated the time course of parison length and thickness distribution, and compared the calculation results of parison length with experimental data. It was found that the predicted values agreed rather well with the experimental values. The calculation results could especially predict the shrink-back, which is the phenomenon where the parison length becomes shorter after the cessation of extrusion, and it was found that this was caused by the recoverable swell of the parison, which depends on the tensile stress generation in the die. Various flow rates and die geometries were studied and confirmed the reliability and usefulness of the method.

The shrinkage degree ξ of polymer products must be considered when the molds are at the stage of designing. On the calculation of ξ, the descending temperature ΔT of polymer products after molding process and α (the coefficient of thermal expansion) are necessary.It was found that α has the typical distributions at the various layers along the machine direction (MD) and the traverse direction (TD), especially under HDPE melts flow in the dies. Consequently, α distributions should be predicted for estimation of accurate ξ of HDPE products. In this study, we have investigated the experimental data of HDPE α distributions under extrusion process and calculated the strain distributions by polymer melts flow analysis using finite element method. The following results were obtained.(1) The measured data of α (MD) distributions correspond to the strain distributions which generate along the flow direction within the inner and the outer die.(2) The measured data of α (TD) distributions correspond to the strain distributions which generate along the θ direction within the inner and the outer die.(3) The measured data of α distributions in this study showed the correlation between the strain distributions much better than the shear stress distributions.

In the blow molding process, pellets are melted and pumped by a screw device into an accumulator. By plunger extrusion, the polymer melt flows into an annular die and emerges vertically downward to form a parison.The shape of the parison (diameter, thickness, length) should be controlled by setting the molding conditions (shape of annular die, flow rate, temperature, polymer properties, etc.) to make a successful blow molding process. Therefore, a method for predicting dimensions of the parison is necessary to research the best molding conditions.We performed numerical studies of polymer melt flows in several types of real annular dies using the finite element method. The constitutive model for polymer melts that we used was the Giesekus model.It was found that the relationship between the measured swelling ratio of parisons in these annular dies and the normal stress difference at the exit dies from analysis results could be expressed by a function. The function was independent of the geometry of the die in this study. This function may play an important role for the prediction of shape of parisons.

The stability of luminance‐voltage characteristics (L‐V) has been investigated on ZnS:Mn electroluminescent films grown by chemical vapor deposition. It is found that the aging pattern varies between the positive shift (P shift) and the negative shift (N shift) with the growth temperature. In both cases the L‐V curve, the current‐voltage relationship, and the symmetry of the light emission with respect to the voltage polarity are strictly cooperative during the aging process. The N shift appears to be dominant when the current is limited by electron injection from the interface, whereas the P shift becomes dominant under the bulk limited conduction, accompanying an excellent symmetry of the emission. A high‐field‐conduction characteristic in the ZnS layer, which is a decisive factor to determine the aging pattern, is significantly affected by its stoichiometry, grain size, and impurity content. It has been further clarified that the N shift consists of the combination of a softening and a shifting in the ...

Green-emitting ZnS : Tb electroluminescent films have been successfully grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, in which a Tb source is transported as gaseous halide by using a HCl carrier gas. A secondary HCl flow, bypassing the source material, is additionally supplied to the growth ambience. It is shown that the ZnS : Tb film changes from the cubic structure to the hexagonal structure with increasing the bypass-HCl flow rate, whereas the Tb concentration is basically determined by the mass transfer of the Tb-halide. The film growth rate decreases significantly in the presence of the HCl flow, and simultaneously the crystal quality is much improved by the incorporation of the Tb-dopant. Such growth behaviors are explained by supposing two kinds of competetive relations; one is a surface migration process competing between ZnCl2 and an isolated Zn atom, the other is a hexagonal nucleation process competing between TbCl3 and ZnCl2. The critical HCl flow rates to control the crystal structure are completely determined. The growth kinetics and the roles of Tb3+ and Cl- ions are discussed on the basis of the competitive adsorption model.