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Egg transport and rough egg handling can have numerous negative effects on hatchability. The authors monitored mechanical effects under field conditions by acceleration sensors and then simulated the same scale effects using a modelling machine to verify the effects on hatchability. To measure and record mechanical effects-instantaneous acceleration (m/s²), three-dimensional HOBO® Pendant® G Data Logger were used. The RSS, RSM values calculated from the data from the accelerometer can serve as a point of reference for practitioners to see the mechanical effect level which results in significant negative impact on the hatchability results. It was also revealed that the measurement of the recorded values in the different directions and the minimum and maximum values are important too. Using the HOBO® Pendant® G Data Logger and detailed logging (the exact location of the logger at the time of the technological steps at a given time) can reveal the location of the maximum impact. By analysing RMS x, y, z, the type of impact can be determined. By combining these two pieces of two information, the technological failure can be clearly revealed and corrected. The measurement process described by the authors provides practical advice for hatching egg producers. Moreover, attention is drawn to the short-term damage effect on hatchability, since the 5-minute treatment at 20 Hz, prior incubation significantly reduced the hatchability (P < 0.05), which was achieved at the level of 10.02 RSS m/s² and 12.3 m/s² maximum value in the direction of x-axis. It is important for hatching egg producers to be aware that the damage to the mechanical effect is not only visible (broken, cracked eggshell), but can also negatively affect hatchability and thus the profitability of the sector. Furthermore, the typical "spider web" crack on the eggshell clearly refers to the mechanical impact caused by vibration. Der Transport von Bruteiern kann ebenso wie ein unsanfter Umgang zahlreiche negative Auswirkungen auf die Brutfähigkeit haben. Die Autoren überwachten mechanische Effekte unter Feldbedingungen mit Beschleunigungssensoren und simulierten dann mit einer Vibrationsplatte dieselben Skaleneffekte und überprüften die Auswirkung auf die Schlupffähigkeit. Zur Messung und Aufzeichnung mechanischer Effekte - Momentanbeschleunigung (m/s²) - wurden dreidimensionale HOBO® Pendant® G-Datenlogger verwendet. Die aus den Daten des Beschleunigungsmessers berechneten RSS- und RSM-Werte können Praktikern als Anhaltspunkt dienen, um zu sehen, wie hoch der mechanische Effekt ist, der sich erheblich negativ auf die Schlupfergebnisse auswirkt. Es zeigte sich auch, dass die Erfassung der Messwerte in verschiedene Richtungen, sowie auch die Minimal- und Maximalwerte wichtig sind. Durch die Verwendung des HOBO® Pendant® G-Datenloggers und eine detaillierte Protokollierung (der genaue Standort des Loggers zum Zeitpunkt der technologischen Schritte zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt) kann der Ort der maximalen Auswirkung ermittelt werden. Durch die Analyse von RMS x, y, z kann die Art des Aufpralls bestimmt werden. Durch die Kombination beider Informationen kann der technische Fehler eindeutig aufgedeckt und behoben werden. Das von den Autoren beschriebene Messverfahren gibt praktische Hinweise für Bruteiproduzenten. Darüber hinaus wird auf den kurzfristigen Schadenseffekt auf die Schlupffähigkeit hingewiesen, da die 5-minütige Behandlung bei 20 Hz im Vorfeld der Inkubation die Schlupffähigkeit deutlich reduzierte (P < 0,05), was ab 10,02 RSS m/s² erreicht wurde, Maximalwert 12,3 m/s² in Richtung der x-Achse. Es ist wichtig, dass sich Bruteiproduzenten darüber im Klaren sind, dass die Schäden durch die mechanische Einwirkung nicht nur sichtbar sind (zerbrochene, rissige Eischale), sondern sich auch negativ auf die Brutfähigkeit und damit auf die Rentabilität des Sektors auswirken können. Darüber hinaus weist der typische „Spinnennetz"-Riss auf der Eischale eindeutig auf die mechanische Einwirkung durch Vibration hin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the effects of field and modelled mechanical impact on the hatchability of broiler breeder hatching eggs originating from different lines and investigates if low level and controlled vibration can be used as an alternative for turning during storage A further question is if Short Period of Incubation (SPIDES) could compensate for the hatching loss caused by mechanical impacts prior to or during incubation (18th day). This latter has high importance due to the spreading phenomenon of on-farm hatching systems. Aims of this trial: 1.) determine the threshold of mechanical impact on loss of hatching eggs and hatchability, 2.) test if moderate level of controlled vibration would decrease the level of early embryo mortality due sticking to the shell membrane, 3.) test if SPIDES could alleviate the negative effect of mechanical impact, 4.) monitor the effect and mechanical impact of transportation at day 18 under field conditions. In total, 8100 broiler breeder hatching eggs originating from the same young female and male lines were divided into factorial design groups (VIBRATED, SPIDES, TURNING, 18th DAY TRANSPORT, LINE). VIBRATED groups were placed on a vibration machine with a two dimensional vibration plate and treated for 5 minutes either on 10, 20 or 30 Hz and data was on the motion was collected by a HOBO® accelerometer. RSS were calculated (obtained from square root of the sum of the squares of the resultant acceleration -RMS; m/s2) for each direction. The SPIDES groups received heat treatment for 2 hours above effective (95°F) eggshell temperature. In the TURNING treatment, eggs were turned twice a day through 45o during egg storage. The 18th DAY TRANSPORT groups were transported for 3 hours. SPSS software was used to analyse the data. Significant differences were assumed if P ≤ 0.05. Using MANOVA the corrected model -which reflects the variation in the dependent attributed to other effects in the model, after corrected by the mean - showed significant effect on hatchability (R2 = 0.729), level of early (R2 = 0.701) and late embryo mortality (R2 = 0.613), proportion of cracked eggs (R2 = 0.828) and malposition. Among independent factors, VIBRATED had the most significant correlations (in the same attributes as in the corrected model). VIBRATED × LINE interaction was significant for hatchability, cracked eggs and level of early and late dead embryos, while SPIDES × LINE, LINE × TURNING, SPIDES × LINE were significant for late dead embryos. VIBRATED × 18th DAY TRANSPORT only affected embryo malpositions. Embryos that stuck to the membrane showed significant correlation with TURNING, LINE × TURNING and LINE × 18th DAY TRANSPORT, but their calculated R2 was below 0.5. For linear stepwise regression the following equations were calculated: Cracked eggs (%) = 0.146 × VIBRATED + 0.124 (R2 = 0.64) Hatchability as fertile (%) = -0.452 × VIBRATED -3.573 × LINE + 91. 94 (R2 = 0.46) Hatchability as set (%) = -0.460 × VIBRATED +3.701 × SPIDES+ 72.12 (R2 = 0.46) Although the equations for the hatchability explain less than 50% of the variance the tendency shows different sensitivity of lines on mechanical impact and on SPIDES alleviating effect. Performing a Tukey test (P < 0.05) it appears that up to 20 Hz (RRS = 10.8 m/s2) there is no significant effect on the level of cracked eggs, and up to 30 Hz (RRS = 13.7 m/s2) there is no effect on hatchability in the current trial. The mechanical impact (RSS = 9.75 m/s2) used in this trial during the 18th day transport has no negative effect on hatchability or chick quality. In this trial there was no evidence that low level of shaking could be used as an alternative of turning during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]