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TribeOvibovini Simpson, 1945 Genus Ovibos Blainville, 1816, Published as part of Krakhmalnaya, T. V. & Kovalchuk, O. M., 2018, Fossil Ovibos Moschatus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) From Buryn, With Reference To Muskox Dispersal In The Late Pleistocene Of Ukraine, pp. 463-470 in Vestnik Zoologii 52 (6) on page 465, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2018-0048, http://zenodo.org/record/6454953, {"references":["Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85, 1 - 350.","Blainville, H. de. 1816. Sur plusier especes d'animaux mammiferes, de l'ordre des ruminans. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomathique de Paris, annee 1816, 73 - 82."]}

Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780) M a t e r i a l. Skull fragment, Buryn district local history museum. L o c a l i t y a n d g e o l o g i c a l a g e. Chasha River bed alluvium (51°10´N, 33°52´E), near Buryn, Sumy Region, Ukraine; Late Pleistocene. D e s c r i p t i o n. The skull (fig. 2) belongs to a young, probably 4-year-old individual, which is evidenced by the presence of thickened horncores whose bases not yet fused together (according to the scheme in Henrichsen & Grue, 1980). Only cranium cerebrale with unequally preserved horncores is available for the study. Basis cranii as well as occipital part of the skull are completely destroyed; however jugular processes are preserved. Imprint of the brain is well pronounced on the inner surface of calvaria. The skull is dark brown in colour, which is usual for the fossil material that has been in water for a long time. The horncores are wide, compressed dorso-ventrally; they come down almost vertically, slightly deviating laterally in lower part. Their surface is rather loose and bears the traces of exostoses. M e a s u r e m e n t s (according to Walker, 1982). See table 1. C o m p a r i s o n.The muskox skull from Buryn as compared to those of adult individuals of O. moschatus from the Pleistocene (Vangengeim, 1961; Sher, 1971; Krakhmalnaya, 2007 b) is characterized by well-developed cerebral part, high occiput and large foramen magnum. Maximum occipital breadth of the studied specimen is comparable to those in skulls obtained from the Yana River (Tchersky, 1891), Tomsk Region (Shpansky, 2000), and to a lesser extent — to those from Zbranky (Ryziewicz, 1995). These four skulls have the widest occipital region in comparison with others, whose measurements are presented in table 1. According to the minimum occipital breadth, the specimen from Buryn is also similar to those from the Tomsk. 1 Measurements: 1 — skull breadth at the anterior margin level of orbits; 2 — maximum occipital breadth; 3 — minimum occipital breadth; 4 — akrocranium-basion height; 5 — height of akrocranium-upper margin of foramen magnum; 6 — diameter of horncore base; 7 — distance between inner margins of horncore processes; 8 — breadth of foramen magnum. 2 Skulls of males, mean values. 3 Skulls of females, mean values. The height of the occipital region can only be compared with material from Ukraine. It is smaller than those in the specimen from Khodoriv. The breadth of foramen magnum in the studied specimen slightly exceeds those few measurements, which are indicated in table 1. Diameter of horncore base is greater than those in an adult female from Mezyn (Belan, 1985) and male from Zbranky, but considerably smaller than in the skull from Khodoriv (Krakhmalnaya & Kovalchuk, 2017). Minimum distance between inner margins of horn processes does not exceed 10 mm which is typical for muskox males (Tchersky, 1891; Sher, 1971). Muskoxen from Siberia have more powerful horns, especially males from the Yana and Lena Rivers (Tchersky, 1891), as well as from other localities of this region, except of the skull from the Mamontova Gora (Rusanov, 1968) and some female skulls (Sher, 1971; Lazarev & Tomskaya, 1987). R e m a r k s. Late Pleistocene muskox of Eurasia has uncertain taxonomic status in the scientific literature. Recently, this species is increasingly referred to O. moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780), emphasizing its relatedness with the extant American muskox. However, not all the researchers agreed with the unification of the extinct representative of the genus with the living one. There is no doubt that they differ significantly in a number of morphological characters noted in the comparative analysis of their skulls (Ryziewicz, 1955; Sher, 1971; Tikhonov, 1994; Chubur, 2015). These differences allowed C. H. Smith to describe the extinct muskox as O. pallantis in 1827. However, “the Fossil Musk Ox, O. pallantis, with the horns pressed against the temples behind the orbits, found on the coasts of Siberia, is not definitively ascertained to be a separate species” (Smith, 1827, p. 370). Recognizing the close proximity of the two species, but wanting to confirm the significance of the morphological differences between them, a number of researchers considered the extinct Late Pleistocene muskox as a sub-species of the extant O. moschatus and identified it as O. moschatus pallantis (Lydekker, 1900; Andrée, 1933; Gromova, 1935; Baryshnikov, 1981; Belan, 1985; Krakhmalnaya, 2007 a; Krakhmalnaya & Kovalchuk, 2017). Khant (1996) described a new subspecies Ovibus pallantis rhenanus from the Rhine Valley, Germany. Using modern research methods, e. g. ancient DNA analysis supports the attribution of the Late Pleistocene and extant muskoxen to the same species (MacPhee et al., 2005; Campos et al., 2010). Taking these data into account, researchers began to recognize the species name O. moschatus for the Pleistocene muskox instead of O. pallantis or O. moschatus pallantis., Published as part of Krakhmalnaya, T. V. & Kovalchuk, O. M., 2018, Fossil Ovibos Moschatus (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) From Buryn, With Reference To Muskox Dispersal In The Late Pleistocene Of Ukraine, pp. 463-470 in Vestnik Zoologii 52 (6) on pages 465-467, DOI: 10.2478/vzoo-2018-0048, http://zenodo.org/record/6454953, {"references":["Zimmermann, F. A. W. 1780. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der allgemein verbreiteten vierfussigen Thiere. 2. Band: Enthalt ein vollstandiges Verzeichniss aller bekannten Quadrupeden. Weygand, Leipzig, 1 - 450.","Henrichsen, P., Grue, H. 1980. Age criteria in the muskox (Ovibos moschatus) from Greenland. Danish Review of Game Biology, 11, 1 - 18.","Walker, D. N. 1982. A Late Pleistocene Ovibos from Southeastern Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology, 56 (2), 486 - 491.","Vangengeim, E. A. 1961. Paleontologicheskoe obosnovanie stratigrafii antropogenovyh otlozhenij severa Vostochnoj Sibiri (Palaeontological substantiation of stratigraphy of Anthropogene deposits on the north of Eastern Siberia). AN SSSR Publishing, Moscow, 1 - 182 [In Russian].","Sher, A. V. 1971. Mlekopitajushchie i stratigrafija plejstocena krajnego Severo-Vostoka SSSR i Severnoj Ameriki (Pleistocene mammals and stratigraphy of the Far North-East of USSR and North America). Nauka, Moscow, 1 - 310 [In Russian].","Krakhmalnaya, T. V. 2007 b. The southernmost finding of musk ox in the Late Pleistocene of Ukraine. In: Lavrushin, Yu. A., Khoreva, I. M., Chistyakova, I. A., eds. V All-Russian Conference on Quaternary Research \" Fundamental problems of Quaternary, results and main trends of future studies \": Collection of papers (Moscow, 7 - 9 November 2007). GEOS, Moscow, 195 - 198 [In Russian].","Tchersky, I. D. 1891. Opisanie kollekcij posletretichnyh mlekopitajushchih, sobrannyh Novo-Sibirskoj ekspediciej (Description of the collection of post-Tertiary mammals, collected by the Novo-Sibirsk expedition in 1885 - 1886). Petersburg, 1 - 706 [In Russian].","Shpansky, A. V. 2000. Kopytnye srednego-pozdnego neoplejstocena jugo-vostoka Zapadno-Sibirskoj ravniny (stratigraficheskoe znachenie, paleojekologija i paleozoogeografija) [Ungulates of the Middle-Late Neopleistocene of the southeast of the West Siberian Plain (stratigraphic significance, paleoecology and paleozoogeography)]. PhD Thesis. Tomsk, 1 - 25 [In Russian].","Ryziewicz, Z. 1955. Systematic place of the fossil musk-ox from the Eurasian diluvium. Prace Wroclawskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego. Series B, 49, 1 - 74.","Belan, N. G. 1985. Muskox in the Pleistocene of Ukraine. Vestnik Zoologii, 2, 31 - 34 [In Russian].","Khan, E. 1966. Ovibus pallantis rhenanus nov. subsp., an extinct Ovibos of Weinheim, Rhine Valley, Germany. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und Historische Geologie, 6, 133 - 142.","Chubur, A. A. 2015. The muskox of locality Splawie (Wielkopolska). In: Antiukhov, A. V. et al., eds. Yearbook of the Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research (2015). Bryansk, 90 - 92 [In Russian].","Rusanov, B. S. 1968. Biostratigrafija otlozhenij Yuzhnoj Yakutii (Biostratigraphy of Southern Yakutia deposits). Nauka, Moscow, 1 - 459 [In Russian].","Lazarev, P. A., Tomskaya, A. I. 1987. Mlekopitajushchie i biostratigrafija pozdnego kajnozoja Severnoj Yakutii (Mammals and biostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic of Northern Yakutia). YaF SO AN SSSR, Yakutsk, 1 - 170 [In Russian].","Malikov, D. G. 2015. The first find of Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann, 1780 on the territory of Minusinsk basin. In: Bogdanova, T. N. et al., eds. Current problems in paleontology: Materials of LXI session of Paleontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences (April 13 - 17, 2015, St. Petersburg). St. Petersburg, 158 - 160 [In Russian].","Krakhmalnaya, T. V., Kovalchuk, O. M. 2017. A new finding of the fossil remains of musk ox in Ukraine. In: Toderas, I. et al., eds. Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects: materials of the International symposium dedicated to the 100 th anniversary from the birth of Alexei Spassky (13 October 2017). Elan Poligraf, Chisinau, 389 - 390.","Tikhonov, A. N. 1994. Pleistocene muskox (Ovibos pallantis) of the Urals and western Siberia. Proceedings of Zoological Institute RAS, 256, 92 - 110 [In Russian].","Smith, C. H. 1827. Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia, as arranged with reference to their organization. Genus II. - Ovibos. In: Griffith, E., Smith, C. H., Pidgeon, E., eds. The animal kingdom, arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier. Vol. V. Printed for G. B. Whittaker. London, United Kingdom, 370.","Lydekker, R. 1900. A new race of musk-ox. Nature, 63, 157.","Andree, J. 1933. Uber diluviale Moschusochsen. Abhandlungen aus dem Westfalischen Provinzial-Museum fur Naturkunde, 4, 5 - 34.","Gromova, V. I. 1935. About the distribution of musk ox remains in the Eastern Europe and Nortern Asia. Izvestija AN SSSR, 8 (1), 101 - 114 [In Russian].","Baryshnikov, G. F. 1981. Order Artiodactyla. Catalog mlekopitaiushikh SSSR (pliocen - sovremennost'). [Mammal catalogue of USSR (Pliocene - modern time)]. Nauka Press, Leningrad, 343 - 408.","Krakhmalnaya, T. 2007 a. Late Pleistocene musk-ox of Ukraine: the state of study. In: Boeskorov, G. G., Lazarev, P. A., eds. Abstracts of the IV International Mammoth conference (18 - 22 June 2007). Yakutsk, 142 - 143.","MacPhee, R. D. E., Tikhonov, A. N., Mol, D., Greenwood, A. D. 2005. Late Quaternary loss of genetic diversity in muskox (Ovibos). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 5, 49.","Campos, P., Willerslev, E., Sher, A., Orlando, L., Axelsson, E., Tikhonov, A., Aaris-SOrensen, K., Greenwood, A., Kahlke, R. - D., Kosintsev, P., Krakhmalnaya, T., Kuznetsova, T., Lemey, P., MacPhee, R., Norris, C. A., Shephard, K., Suchard, M. A., Zazula, G. D., Shapiro, B., Gilbert, M. T. P. 2010. Ancient DNA analyses exclude humans as the driving force behind late Pleistocene musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population dynamics. PNAS, 105, 8327 - 8332."]}

Pagrus cinctus (Agassiz, 1839) (pl. 1, figs 7–11) 1849 Sphaerodus cinctus Ag. — Sismonda, p. 21, table 1, figs 2–4. 1850 Sphaerodus cinctus Ag. — Costa, p. 197, table 9, figs 20, 23, 27. 1960 Chrysophrys sp. (cf. Sphaerodus cinctus Münster, 1870) — Pawłowska, p. 426, table 3, figs 5–6. 1969 Sparus cinctus (Agassiz, 1843) — Menesini, p. 41, table 7, figs 7–11. 1973 Sparus cinctus (Agassiz) — Caretto, p. 77, table 14, fig. 5. 1974 Sparus cinctus (Agassiz, 1843) — Menesini, p. 156, table 8, figs 21–23. 2010 Pagrus cinctus (Agassiz, 1836) — Schultz, Brzobohatý & Kroupa, pl. 3, figs 8–9. 2013 Pagrus cinctus (Agassiz, 1836) — Mikuž, Šoster & Ulaga, p. 126–127, table 1, figs 5–8. 2013 Pagrus cinctus (Agassiz, 1836) — Šoster & Mikuž, p. 78–79, table 3, figs 21–25. 2013 Pagrus cf. cinctus (Agassiz, 1839) — Mikuž & Šoster, p. 206–207, table 4, figs 32–35. 2014 Pagrus cinctus (Agassiz, 1839) — Mikuž, Bartol & Šoster, p. 34–35, table 1, fig. 1. M a t e r i a l a n d l o c a l i t i e s. Three molariform teeth (Mariupol’, upper Miocene); one complete tooth NMNHU-P 53/5119 (Trudomirovka, lower Pliocene); one tooth NMNHU-P 29/229 (Bezymiannoe, lower Pleistocene). D e s c r i p t i o n. The processed material consists of both symmetrical and asymmetrical teeth. Symmetrical teeth (pl. 1, figs 7–9) are round to slightly elliptically elongated. Teeth are laterally convex, gradually curved and flat (pl. 1, fig. 7) or mediumheight (pl. 1, figs 8, 9). The apical surface of the teeth is smooth or irregular by the form of holes (pl. 1, fig. 9). Basal parts of the teeth are not preserved. The pulpal cavity is clearly visible in all specimens. The enamel is greyish-brown, brown or black. Asymmetrical teeth (pl. 1, fig. 10–11) are rounded, elliptically elongated or kidney-like in shape. The teeth are laterally convex, gradually curved and flat or medium-height. The apical surface of the teeth is smooth or slightly damaged, probably due to transportation within the sediment. The enamel is dark to light brown. M e a s u r e m e n t s, i n m m. Length — 2–13 (μ = 6); width — 1.5–11 (μ = 5)., Published as part of Šoster, A. & Kovalchuk, O. M., 2016, Late Neogene And Pleistocene Porgy Fishes (Teleostei, Sparidae) Of The Eastern Paratethys, With Comments On Their Palaeoecology, pp. 415-422 in Vestnik Zoologii 50 (5) on pages 416-417, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2016-0048, http://zenodo.org/record/6449339

Pagrus sp. (pl. 1, figs 1 –6) M a t e r i a l a n d l o c a l i t i e s. Two molariform teeth NMNHU-P 53/5117–5118 (Novopetrovka, lower Pliocene); four molariform teeth (Shirokino 2, upper Pliocene). D e s c r i p t i o n. The studied material consists of symmetrical and asymmetrical teeth. Symmetrical teeth (pl. 1, figs 1 –4) are round and slightly elliptically elongated. Teeth are convex and slightly conical in lateral view (pl. 1, fig. 4). The teeth’s apical surface is irregular by the form of holes, which could be attributed to wear and postmortem bioerosion. Basal parts are not preserved. The pulpal cavity is clearly visible in all specimens, and the enamel is brown. Asymmetrical teeth (pl. 1, figs 5–6) are elongated elliptically and are kidney-like in shape. The teeth are convex in lateral section and uniformly curved. Their apical surface is damaged, most likely because of bioerosion (pl. 1, fig. 5). Basal parts are poorly preserved (pl. 1, fig. 6) or absent (pl. 1, fig. 5). The pulpal cavity is filled with sediment. The enamel is dark brown or black. M e a s u r e m e n t s, i n m m. Length — 10–18 (μ = 15); width — 6–14 (μ = 11)., Published as part of Šoster, A. & Kovalchuk, O. M., 2016, Late Neogene And Pleistocene Porgy Fishes (Teleostei, Sparidae) Of The Eastern Paratethys, With Comments On Their Palaeoecology, pp. 415-422 in Vestnik Zoologii 50 (5) on page 417, DOI: 10.1515/vzoo-2016-0048, http://zenodo.org/record/6449339