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The paper presents the intermediate results of an experimental study of three samples of chitosan-based local hemostatic agent in a model of intense intra-abdominal bleeding in an average-sized experimental animal (a Soviet Chinchilla rabbit) with a standard wound on the parenchymal organ (liver) in combination with external compression of the abdominal area to achieve hemostasis in the acute phase of the experiment. At the first stage, nine experimental groups and one control group, with three biological objects each, were involved (n = 30). The composition and properties of laboratory preparations of hemostatics were different from the concentration of the main component. To select the optimal sample of a local hemostatic agent with the least local irritant effect on the organs and structures of the abdominal cavity, three experimental groups with three animals each were formed at the second stage, without modeling blood loss (n = 9) with follow-up from 24 to 72 h. The studied drugs have high hemostatic activity in the model of intense intra-abdominal bleeding with follow-up periods from several hours to 3 days. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of hemostatic agent samples does not lead to a pronounced local irritant effect. However, during the first 180 min of the experiment, only one fatal outcome was recorded in a group of animals with 15% chitosan in the studied drug because of a technical error in modeling the source of bleeding. External compression of the abdominal area demonstrated its effectiveness as an auxiliary technique for temporary control of the intra-abdominal source of bleeding in the experimental model. The objectification of the obtained results was achieved through a control sectional study and laboratory screening of peripheral blood indicators of experimental animals at different stages of the experiment. To further evaluate the hemostatic activity of chitosan-based drugs, creating an experimental model using a large experimental animal is necessary.

The digital technologies in all spheres of life, including education are now a hallmark of our modern identity; they shape how we live today. They enable applying new opportunities, for instance, distance learning, which is quite relevant today. Ivano Frankivsk National Medical University has the site "Office 365 Cloud Services", which is accessible to all teachers and students and thus creates a single digital environment. Practical classes and lectures on pediatric therapeutic dentistry during quarantine are conducted in an online conference format in Microsoft Teams, a teamwork centre in Office 365, which is a simplified version of learning management systems; it enables communicating, file sharing, etc. between the group members. The program is convenient because it combines everything in a common work environment, including chat for discussion, file sharing and corporate programs. Students pass on each topic of the test tasks in the system, which were posted on pmk.ifnmu.edu.ua or tests.if.ua. The teacher converts the test result into scores according to the evaluation criteria. Delivering theoretical themes and checking their comprehension is organized by means of video communication. During the online lesson, the teacher interviews the topic, corrects the answer, and explains the points that might be discussible or unclear, using pre-loaded visuals or other materials, e.g. presentations, videos, photos, radiographs and orthopantomograms. For future dentists it is extremely important to master practical skills, work with real patients, practice manual and communication skills. Digital technologies help during distance learning at least partially to master the practical aspect of the discipline by creating multimedia presentations, which consists of tasks, three to four questions for each task, a clinical case, if possible video. The use of digital technologies, especially during distance education can and should take its place in the education system, because with its proper organization it can provide quality education that meets the requirements of modern society.

Differential types of reflexivity (as human activities aimed at understanding their own actions) were studied in 66 persons against the background of the COVID-19 epidemic in order to effectively carry out medical, psychological and social interventions in order to maintain epidemiological well-being in society during the current epidemic. It was established that in all examined persons the indicators of scales, the methodology used do not significantly differ from the data obtained earlier by its authors. The surveyed contingent is reliably dominated by systemic reflexion (the indicators of which are comparable to those of those years when there were no such significant global shocks) with a lower (compared to the control group) level of introspection and quasi-reflexion. The bigger variability of data, received by D.A. Leontyev and E.N. Osin, in comparison with our data is caused probably by temporary aspect, various professional contingent of the examined persons, and the relevant processes flowing nowadays in society. Thus, the absence of significant differences from the data obtained earlier is probably due to the cultural and age characteristics of the examined. This indicates the possibility of adequate medical and psychological support for this category of persons against the background of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Mankind has encountered a previously unknown disease, COVID-19, which has changed and caused a major disruption in nearly all spheres of human life. The COVID pandemic has had a tremendous impact on education, and medical education in particular. In quarantine conditions, distance learning was the only possible option to continue the professional medical training. The educators and education authorities faced a number of issues to be solved immediately including the organization of the course content and delivery for online synchronous and asynchronous format, the improvement of computer operating skills, the stimulation of students’ independent cognitive activity, creativity, nurtures self-awareness, independence and responsibility, etc. Ever-increasing amount of information, rapid progression of communication technologies and online tool applications in recent decades has created a strong ground for overcoming challenges caused by the pandemic. Practical classes on paediatric therapeutic dentistry were conducted in the format of an online conference via the Microsoft Teams program (groups, course schedule were created in advance). Microsoft Teams is a team centre of Office 365 that is a simplified version of learning management systems, but allows the learning team to communicate and share files. The program is convenient as it enables to create conventional work environment, including chat for discussion, file sharing and corporate programs. Students are supplied with instructional materials, guidelines; there has been elaborated the system of the tests for the themes of the discipline to check up students’ knowledge; educators give prompt feedback and grade student’s work. During the online lesson, educators discuss the main issues of a theme, explain the unclear or disputable points, using pre-loaded materials as presentations, videos, photos, radiographs and orthopantomograms that helps to facilitate the material comprehension. Practical training, which includes dealing with patients, improving manual and communication skills, is among the top priorities for dental students. To solve this problem associated with the remote learning, the department staff elaborated situational tasks and algorithms for performing practical skills. Distance learning can be and must be organized as a purposeful process of interaction between educators and students based on applying the latest information and technologies, adequate control and guidance that allows medical educational settings not to stop fostering future healthcare professionals in the pandemic period.

Deviations in the formation of reproductive function, and subsequently menstrual irregularities from the age of menarche, ovarian dysfunction and steroidogenesis disorders can be clinically manifested in remote periods after their direct action. The nature and depth of morphofunctional disorders in this case depends on the degree of maturity of the reproductive system, the initial functional state of the regulation centers (hypothalamus, pituitary gland) and ovaries, and the duration of the action of adverse factors. The accumulated specific research experience indicates that in addition to the pituitary gonadotropin hormones, cytokines (interleukins), which can simulate ovarian function and play an important role in ovulation, are of great importance in the normal functioning of the ovaries. The objective: аccording to laboratory and instrumental methods of research, to study the characteristics of hormonal status and the relationship of ovarian hormones with interleukins (IL) in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty. Materials and methods. According to the nature of the violations, the main group of women (n=90) who had a pathology of menstrual function in the puberty period was divided into 3 subgroups (n=30): the first – women with primary oligomenorrhea in the anamnesis, the second – with a late age menarche, the third – with puberty bleeding. The control group included women (n=30) with the correct rhythm of menstruation in puberty. Results. A clinical study found a decrease in the concentration of progesterone in women with a history of primary oligomenorrhea, a decrease in estradiol in the preovulatory period in women with late menarche. When assessing the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone in the subgroups, an increase was noted in patients with puberty bleeding compared with the control group, due to the low level of antimuller hormone in the blood serum. The correlation between the indicators of these hormones and interleukins (IL-4, IL-8) indicates the influence of cytokines on folliculogenesis and the formation of the corpus luteum. Ovarian reserve parameters are not reduced. Conclusion. An analysis of the hormonal and cytokine status in women with menstrual dysfunction in the puberty allows us to draw an analogy between the processes of ovulation and the inflammatory response. The cytokines produced by certain immune cells are signaling molecules that affect cell proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cells, folliculogenesis, hormone secretion and thus play an important role in ovulation. Therefore, the immune system may be an additional local regulator of ovarian function. Estradiol and progesterone are of great importance in the secretory transformation of the endometrium, especially during the «implantation window». Keywords: puberty, menarche, oligomenorrhea, pubertal bleeding, folliculogenesis, progesterone, estradiol, interleukins, pituitary gland, anti-varial antibodies.