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INTRODUCTION Eliminating legal barriers to HIV services is crucial for achieving the global goal of ending the HIV and AIDS epidemic by 2030 [1, 2], particularly among gay, bisexual and [...], : Introduction: Removing legal barriers to HIV services is crucial for the global 2030 goal of ending the HIV and AIDS epidemic, particularly in eastern Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia. Despite state commitments to uphold human rights, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM), along with transgender people (TP) still face stigma and discrimination. This article presents an analysis of rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and HIV reported in 2022 across six countries, highlighting features and their links to legislation and law enforcement practices. Methods: We examined documented cases of rights violations among gbMSM and TP in Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine in 2022 using the REAct system, a tool for documenting and responding to rights violations against key populations. Initially, we employed directed content analysis based on Yogyakarta Principles to analyse narratives of violations. A codebook was developed through contextual, manifest and latent coding, with themes, categories and codes converted into quantitative variables for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the characteristics of violations. Results: A total of 456 cases of rights violations related to SOGI and HIV were documented, ranging from 22 cases in Tajikistan to 217 in Ukraine. Most violations concerned gbMSM (76.5%), with one‐fifth involving TP, predominantly transgender women. Complex violations with multiple perpetrators or infringements were documented in Armenia and central Asia. Privacy rights were commonly violated, often through outing. Cases of violations of the right to the highest attainable standard of health (13.6%) and protection from medical abuses (2.6%) were also documented. Other rights violations were sporadic, with each country exhibiting distinct patterns of violated rights and types of violations. In Ukraine, the full‐scale war in 2022 influenced the nature of documented cases, reflecting the challenges faced by gbMSM and TP. Conclusions: Monitoring rights violations proved effective for assessing the situation of gbMSM and TP, particularly in the insufficiently studied and diverse eastern Europe, Caucasus and central Asia regions. As rights violations are linked to both legislation and law enforcement practices, comprehensive interventions to minimize structural and interpersonal stigma are essential.

In recent years, business has been increasingly interested in social responsibility, in particular in its environmental component. To implement environmental programs, organizations need employees who have «green» knowledge, share «green» values and have a worldview on protecting the environment, which requires the implementation of green practices in human resource management. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the practices of «green» human resource management on various aspects of the organization. The results of the study showed that the vast majority (95.1%) of respondents share the idea of the need to implement green practices in human resource management. The introduction of «green» human resource management practices has the greatest impact on the organization’s reputation and the employer’s brand. In this regard, when positioning the organization in the labor market and the market for goods (services), it is important to focus on environmental practices and sustainable corporate culture. The results of the study also justified the positive impact of the practices of «green» human resource management on the formation of environmentally responsible behavior of employees, the implementation of sustainable development goals, motivation and loyalty of employees, and labor results. The study justified the need for organizations to develop policies and strategies for «green» human resource management, the introduction of green practices at different stages of human resource management, the formation of a sustainable corporate culture. The results of the study can be used by organizations to substantiate the feasibility of introducing green practices in human resource management.

This study examines the morphological means used to express evaluation in Ukrainian, drawing on a corpus of spoken language, literary texts, dictionaries, and internet resources. The analysis focuses on how evaluation is encoded in the morphology of nouns, pronouns, numerals, and adjectives, with particular attention to the use of augmentatives, diminutives, gender, and degrees of comparison. The findings reveal a rich and varied system for expressing subjective evaluation, including the frequent use of diminutive forms to soften negativity and the creative use of comparative and elative forms to express a high degree of intensity. The study also highlights the role of gender in shaping evaluative meanings and the tendency to use occasional and non-normative forms to achieve specific pragmatic effects. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, culture, and evaluation, and provides insights into the unique ways in which Ukrainian speakers express their attitudes and emotions through morphological choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the integrated harmonious structure deviation indicator in the system of post-graduate training, which is constructed according to the rule of the “golden ratio”. Calculated deviation of the indicator of five-sector model that corresponds to the GDP in the post-industrial economy. Selecting components integrated th indicator deviation from the harmonious structure is based on the objective statistics and systematic research of GDP from a five-sector model. According to the proposed method of estimation of structural shifts in the sectoral structure of the educational environment, the integrated harmonious structure deviation indicator for the 2010/11-2018/19 academic years was calculated; the dynamics of the integrated harmonious structure deviation indicator for the GDP of Ukraine and for the higher educational system of Ukraine is compared. The calculation of the integrated harmonious structure deviation indicator in dynamics has led to the conclusion that over the last nine years there has been a tendency to train insufficient number of highly qualified specialists who provide the production of intellectual product, based on the requirements of the knowledge economy.

The study discusses approaches to assessing the quality of sustainable development indicators and analyses sustainable development indicators in general, for which the desirability function and the approach of translating sustainable development indicators into a dimensionless scale are used. This approach makes it possible to analyse the processes of achieving the sustainable development goals and relevant tasks on the basis of statistical data, as well as to compare indicators with different characteristics. For the purpose of qualimetric assessment, the article proposes to divide the indicators of sustainable development into four groups characterized by the following parameters: the lowest value is the best, the highest value is the best, the average value is the best, and the values that simultaneously tend to the lowest and the highest. It is proposed to evaluate sustainable development indicators in accordance with the group, taking into account the significance of the indicator, for which the form parameter and the evaluation step are selected by the expert evaluation method. For example, several sustainable development indicators for different groups are presented, and calculations are made to determine the dimensionless indicator, taking into account its significance according to the opinion of experts. As a result, we obtained dimensionless values for each of the sustainable development indicators (FQ = 0.92, 0.98, 0.86, 0.28, and 0.54), which characterize the achievement of sustainable development goals and allow us to assess progress in both a prospective and retrospective context.

The mathematical framework presented in this article focuses on the controlled-transmission protocol's asynchronous process of bandwidth allocation for the target virtual connection implemented under competition for communication resources. The studied process is formalized as a two-dimensional discrete Markovian chain, taking into account the distributions of queue lengths of TCP data fragments from competing client nodes. Such a chain describes the dynamics of filling the stack of transmitted but unacknowledged data fragments of the investigated end device. Distributions of the chain states were found for various ratios of the target virtual-connection bandwidth, transmission-protocol parameters, and communication-channel characteristics. Analytical dependencies for computing the performance of the target virtual connection for different operating modes were obtained. The results of experiments conducted based on the obtained analytical constructions showed that the performance of the virtual connection with a selective repeat mode is mainly determined by the data-loss intensity, the queue size distribution in transit nodes, and the ratio between the protocol window size and the route length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the analysis the current state of migration in the context of globalization and identifies the most important corridors for the labour movement. The main donor countries of migrants are developing countries, with low socio-economic indicators, difficult environmental conditions and high levels of poverty. According to forecasts, the most migratory flows will take place in the countries of North America and in Europe, which is due to rising trends in unemployment in the countries of the “third world” and the demand for cheap labour, changes in the structure of the economies of developed countries, changes in labour market demand. The main world regional corridors in 1990–2019 have been identified through statistical analysis. And their growing and declining trends. The need to use economic and mathematical modelling techniques to analyse and determine the migration attractiveness of recipient countries in an uncertain environment has been substantiated. It has been shown that fuzzy logic tools are the most effective in this case. Based on the results of the simulation using the Mamdani method, the world’s attractiveness rating for migration is calculated, which with a “high” thermo leads such countries as Italy, France, United Arab Emirates. The findings suggest that migrants are attracted by countries with the lowest inflation rates, high and average GDP per capita and average or low taxation levels.

The paper focuses on monitoring and modelling of the cryptocurrency market. The application of the chosen research methods is based on the analysis of existing methods and tools of economic and mathematical modelling of time series research on the example of the cryptocurrency market. It is proved that the use of individual methods is not relevant, as they do not give an adequate assessment of the specified market, so a comprehensive approach is the most acceptable. Therefore, monitoring and modelling of some cryptocurrency pairs with different capitalization degree were implemented by fractal and recurrent methods of the financial markets. The daily values of currency pairs for the period from September 2015 to November 2019 were chosen as information basis for monitoring and modelling. The use of R/S modelling method make it possible to conclude the persistence of time series of the selected cryptocurrencies indicating that the market trends are clearly defined, the currency pair of XRP/USD has the highest level of trend resistance. To compare the obtained results, the comprehensive approach is offered using recurrent diagrams that help to determine the cryptocurrency stability. The results of modelling by the recurrent method show that the most stable cryptocurrencies are the ones with the highest capitalization, namely Bitcoin and Ripple.

The goal of this study is identification of essence and justification of the structure of financial behaviour of households and also classification of existing models of financial behaviour with consideration of offered features, which would allow clear application of certain strategies and tools with consideration of the state of the market. The article defines the “financial behaviour of households” category, which takes into consideration operational and strategic financial components and also forms the structure of financial behaviour of households with consideration of their interaction with various financial institutions and financial potential. The article offers to differentiate the following economic categories: “financial market”, which is an aggregate of autonomous segments of the financial system, and “market of financial services”, as a unification of specific segments of the financial market. A prospective direction of further studies is analysis of change of financial behaviour of households during the period of transformation of the whole economic system and, in particular, markets of financial services, which would allow future modelling of financial behaviour of households.Целью данного исследования является определение сущности и обоснование структуры финансового поведения домохозяйств, а также классификация существующих моделей финансового поведения с учетом предложенных признаков, что позволит четко применять определенные стратегии и инструменты с учетом состояния рынка. В статье дано определение категории «финансовое поведение домохозяйств», в котором учтены операционная и стратегическая финансовые составляющие; а также сформирована структура финансового поведения домохозяйств с учетом его взаимодействия с различными финансовыми институтами и финансового потенциала. В работе предложено разграничивать экономические категории «финансовый рынок», который является совокупностью автономных сегментов финансовой системы, и «рынок финансовых услуг» как объединение специфических сегментов финансового рынка. Перспективным направлением дальнейших исследований является анализ изменения финансового поведения домохозяйств в период трансформации всей экономической системы, и, в частности, рынков финансовых услуг, что позволит в дальнейшем смоделировать финансовое поведение домохозяйств.

The goal of this article is justification of transformation of financial behaviour of households within the proposed periodisation of formation and development of the economic system and financial markets of Ukraine. The article conducts analysis of existing periodisations of the national financial market, reveals their advantages and disadvantages and offers own periodisation of establishment and development of the market of financial services. In the process of the study the article proves that changes that take place in the economy directly influence mentality and financial behaviour of households. Deliberate, active or inertial behaviour of households, in its turn, forms both increase and reduction of market demand on several financial services. Prospective directions of further studies are development of indicators of financial behaviour of households under modern conditions and construction of models that would allow formation of behavioural clusters. To do this it is necessary to analyse foreign experience of management of financial potential of households with the aim to detect existing mechanisms of activation of their financial activity and to develop new effective ones.

This article deals with the assessment of the structural changes of the national economy of Ukraine, which proposed to implement by applying the integrated index of structural changes, assessment of the structural changes of the sectoral structure of GDP, at determining the weighting coefficients and construction which uses the “golden ratio” rule. This approach is based on the theoretical completion of the economics as for the progressive development and transformation of society and the economy of the country according to the technological criterion, as well as the sectoral division of the national economy. The choice of components of the integrated index for structural changes is due to the sectoral division of GDP into industry, agriculture and services, and further distribution according to the sectoral structure of the national economy. The proposed integrated index reflects the consistent (ideal) GDP structure inherent in the post-industrial economy, while the deviation of the values in the real structure shows structural changes in the national economy of Ukraine and 28 countries of the European Union. The research justifies the weighting coefficients for the selected sectors of the economy, depending on the technological complexity of the process of producing goods (works, services). The article deals with the results of the calculation of the integrated index of the structural changes in the sectoral structure of GDP and its structural elements, as well as the analysis of the reasons for the deviations of real indicators from the consistent ones. The calculations show the crisis phenomena in both the Ukrainian economy and the EU countries, which are explained by the debt crisis in the EU in 2013 and the release of the UK with the EU. The domestic economy shows significant deviations in virtually all sectors, indicating a low level of economy, a non-conformity between supply and demand in the labor market, a low level of innovation, and the inertia of transformational processes in the transition to the post-industrial stage of production. The application of the proposed methodology will allow us to identify strategic directions for the development of sectors of the national economy and develop projection scenarios

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