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Determining the directions of foreign migration of students of management of the University of Warmia and Mazury (UWM) in Olsztyn and the factors encouraging young people to emigrate.

Pigments (chloropigments-a and carotenoids) in sediments and macroalgae samples, collected in Hornsund, in July 2015 and July 2016, were analysed (HPLC) in this work. In spite of the aerobic conditions and the periodic intensive solar irradiation in the Arctic environment, neither of which favour pigment preservation in water column and surface sediments, our results indicate that these compounds can provide information about phytoplankton composition, primary production and environmental conditions in this region. The sum of chloropigments-a, a marker of primary production, in the Hornsund sediments varied from 0.40 to 14.97 nmol/g d.w., while the sum of carotenoids ranged from 0.58 to 8.08 nmol/g d.w. Pheophorbides-a and pyropheophorbides-a made up the highest percentage in the sum of chloropigments-a in these sediments, supplying evidence for intensive zooplankton and/or zoobenthos grazing. Among the carotenoids, fucoxanthin and its derivatives (19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and 19’-hexanoyloxy-4-ketofucoxanthin) contributed the highest percentage, which points to the occurrence mainly of diatoms and/or haptophytes in the water. The pigment markers show that the input of macroalgae to the total biomass could be considerable only in the intertidal zone.

Economic migration of adolescents is of global nature. The openness and free flow of goods, services, and capital within the EU facilitate migration movements. A region's competitiveness may be indicated by good health care within its limits (the lowest possible percentage of adolescents emigrating after graduating from nursing studies), especially in the ageing Polish population. A higher number of professionally-active nurses reduces the shortage of the mid-level staff at hospitals, which is of particular importance to the families with children and the elderly (grandparents). The primary objective of this study was to identify factors that encourage nursing graduates to leave the country, in order to eliminate them. In addition, factors encouraging nursing students to return from emigration were established as well, as this knowledge would facilitate the increase of the region's competitiveness, especially in the health care sector. The manuscript presents the results of a survey conducted among 181 students of the nursing major at the University of Rzeszów, based on an original questionnaire. A logistic regression model was developed to verify the strength of correlations between the inclination to migrate and the prospect of a better job and of having a family in the destination country. In addition, a correspondence analysis was employed at the observational-empirical level to depict a relationship between, i. a., the inclination to migrate and the push factors. The valuable human potential of nurses can be kept in the country through, primarily, increasing their salaries and improving their work conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by GC/MS in suspended airborne PM10 particles collected at 4 sites in the Tricity agglomeration of northern Poland. This industrialized and densely populated area with distinctly seasonally variable weather conditions is located on the southern Baltic Sea coast. Daily concentrations of ∑12PAHs ranged from ~0.04 to ~60 ng/m³ in the samples analyzed. The levels of particulate PAHs showed distinct seasonal changes throughout the year, with higher concentrations in the heating season. The elevated PAH concentrations recorded during the heating season were most probably due to greater emissions of PAHs from heating systems, as well as meteorological factors that restrict the dispersion of these pollutants in the atmosphere and enhance their persistence. Benzo(a)pyrene was confirmed as being a good marker of total PAHs associated with PM10 particles, and concentrations of this compound during the heating season often exceeded 1 ng/m³ -- the threshold established in Directive 2004/107/EC. Mass concentrations of PM10 particulate matter were not strongly correlated with PAH concentrations. Meteorological factors like temperature and wind speed strongly influence the distribution of particulate PAHs in the study area, but the former parameter is clearly linked to seasonal emission patterns. It has been found that atmospheric input is an important source of PAHs deposited in recent Gulf of Gdańsk sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]