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This paper aims to discuss the behavior of the proprietary real-time simulator (RTS) during testing the coordination of distance relay protections in power engineering. During the construction process of the simulator, the mapping of various dynamic phenomena occurring in the modeled part of the power system was considered. The main advantage to the solution is a lower cost of construction while maintaining high values of essential parameters, based on the generally available software environment (MATLAB/Simulink). The obtained results are discussed in detail. This paper is important from the point of view of the cost-effectiveness of design procedures, especially in power systems exploitation and when avoiding faults that result from the selection of protection relay devices, electrical devices, system operations, and optimization of operating conditions. The manuscript thoroughly discusses the hardware configuration and sample results, so that the presented real-time simulator can be reproduced by another researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to discuss the tulip contact behavior during mechanical and electrical simulations in a Finite Element Method (FEM) environment using ANSYS and COMSOL software. During the simulations, the full contact movement was analyzed. During the contact movement, the individual behavior of the contact components was taken into consideration. The motion simulation was carried out at different velocities and forces acting on the contact. The obtained results were compared to each other and discussed. Relatively, the angles of the contact surfaces to each other were also changed, which meant that we could conduct a more in-depth analysis. The other approach of simulation research was a field analysis of physical phenomena occurring in the tulip contact. This analysis was performed in COMSOL Multiphysics. Parametric analysis allowed an observation of the electric field in the tulip contact at different contact distances with respect to each other. This work is important in terms of the cost effectiveness for design procedures concerning tulip contacts and fault avoidance, which both result from mechanical and electrical conditions throughout contact exploitation and optimization of the working conditions for the tulip contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]