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Background: The high global prevalence of prediabetes requires its early identification. Amino acids (AAs) have emerged as potential predictors of prediabetes. This study investigates the association between amino acids and prediabetes in the Kazakh population. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, serum AAs levels were measured using the Trace GC 1310 gas chromatography system coupled with the TSQ 8000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, Austin, TX, USA) followed by silylation with the BSTFA + 1% TMCS derivatization method. Biochemical parameters, including total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and Creatinine, were assessed for each participant. Trained professionals conducted anthropometric and physical examinations (which included taking blood pressure and heart rate measurements) and family history collection. Results: A total of 112 Kazakh individuals with prediabetes and 55 without prediabetes, aged 36–65 years, were included in the study. Only Alanine and valine showed a significant association with prediabetes risk among the 13 AAs analyzed. Our findings revealed an inverse relationship between Alanine and Valine and prediabetes in individuals of Kazakh ethnicity. Conclusion: A lower serum level of Alanine and Valine may serve as a predictive biomarker for prediabetes in the Kazakh population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is a consequence of chronic adipose tissue inflammation and underlies the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we examined the association between dyslipidaemia and IR; directly comparing conventional lipid ratios and apoB/apoA1 ratios for strength and independence as risk factors for IR in a Kazakh population. METHODS: The design of this study was a case-control study. There were 507 participants in the study. We examined each participant’s plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1. IR was determined using an IR homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). To assess the risk of an atherogenic blood lipid profile, atherogenicity coefficients were calculated: Bad cholesterol to good cholesterol ratio ((TC-HDL)/HDL); TG to HDL ratio (TRG/HDL); apoB to apoA1 ratio (apoB/apoA1). RESULTS: In this study, high waist circumference and BMI were more common in men. The group with IR had significantly higher waist circumference (cm) (p = 0.0001) and BMI (kg/m2) (p = 0.04) than the group without IR. The risk of IR was significantly associated with the apoB/apoA1 ratio (p = 0.03). Analysis of the association between HOMA-IR and apoB/apoA1 ratio increased the risk of IR at apoB/apoA1 ratios of 0.71 to 0.85 and above 0.86 by a factor of 1.93 and 1.84, respectively. HOMA-IR levels were weakly significantly correlated with TG levels (rS = 0.3; p = 0.0001) and very weakly positively correlated with apoB levels (rS = 0.1; p = 0.002) and apoB/apoA1 (rS = 0.1; p = 0.001), there was a weak negative correlation with apoA1 levels (rS = –0.1; p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of developing IR was significantly lower in men than in women, adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.49–1.0) p = 0.02. CONCLUSION: In our study, IR was more common in Kazakh women than in Kazakh men. IR was also associated with apoB and TG levels. Thus, we suggest that analysis of TG, apoB and apoB/apoA1 ratio may be recommended as early predictors of IR risk in the Kazakh population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]