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The paper explores how disabled girls with Personal Assistants (PA:s) in a Swedish context constitute themselves as subjects in relation to intersecting meanings of age, gender, space, time and disability. The results illuminate the importance of social spaces and social relationships for the girls' forming their sense of selves. Similar to ablebodied girls, disabled girls' transition into adulthood can be viewed as a yoyo-transitions, entering and exiting different adult positions several times. Unlike ablebodied girls, they enter adult positions not commonly associated with youths, such as work leadership positions in relation to adult employees, such as the adult PA. This implies that they to some extent manage their own process of becoming an adult. Our findings stress the importance of recognition and awareness of disabled girls transition to adulthood as different not pathological to nondisabled girls', where consideration is taken both to individual needs and preferences of female assistance users. All girls need to develop their sense of themselves to become women Disabled girls with personal assistants find it difficult to live ordinary lives as girls without the support of external personal assistants With the help of personal assistants disabled girls can participate in the places and with the people they choose themselves The relationship with the personal assistant put demands on the disabled girl to become a woman faster than abledbodied girls, in the same time it can hinder the girl's development into a woman It is important for practioners and policymakers to recognize the dual role of personal assistants in disabled girls lives [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares Swedish and German social work, including policy documents, and discusses the policies of these two countries regarding the implementation of children's rights in social work practice. The analysis focuses on two main concepts that are used in social work practice: the concept of a child perspective in Sweden and the concept of participation in Germany. This study aims to investigate the ideas, values and guidelines mediated by political institutions to social workers in the field. The results showed that both the Swedish and German policy documents gave the distinct impression that the concepts had been properly implemented and formed part of child welfare practice. In the Swedish context, the idea of both making children visible and the formal aspects were highlighted, whereas in Germany, participation was related to an educational discourse. However, it is argued here that the discourses suggest that there is unequal relationship between children and adults, and we conclude that social workers must contribute to the child's status as an active subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's invisibility, non-participation or limited participation can be associated with social workers' experiences of losing focus of the child in their work, while at the same time navigating organisational and legal demands where a child perspective is strongly promoted. This article sheds light on social workers' experiences of working with a child perspective and with children's participation. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from social services and NGO s and from different child welfare services in Sweden. Our findings indicate that losing focus of the child is a common phenomenon that relates to the dominance of adult-centred practice and that child-centred methods need to be developed. Social workers from NGO s described having better opportunities for working in a child-centred way. Losing focus of the child mirrors the subordinated position of child-centred practice, proving that a child perspective and children's participation are still inadequately anchored in social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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