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Halide perovskite-based photodiodes are promising for efficient detection across a broad spectral range. Perovskite absorber thin-films have a microcrystalline morphology, characterized by a high density of surface states and defects at inter-grain interfaces. In this work, we used dielectric-ferroelectric poly(vinylidene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene-P(VDF-TrFE) to modify the bulk interfaces and electron transport junction in p-i-n perovskite photodiodes. Our complex work demonstrates that interface engineering with P(VDF-TrFE) induces significant Fermi level pinning, reducing from 4.85 eV for intrinsic perovskite to 4.28 eV for the configuration with dielectric interlayers. The integration of P(VDF-TrFE) into the perovskite film did not affect the morphology and crystal structure, but significantly changed the charge transport and device performance. IV curve analysis and 2-diode model calculations showed enhanced shunt properties, a decreased non-ideality factor, and reduced saturation dark current. We have shown that the complex introduction of P(VDF-TrFE) into the absorbers bulk and on its surface is essential to reduce the impact of the trapping processes. For P(VDF-TrFE) containing devices, we increased the specific detectivity from 10^11 to 10^12 Jones, expanded the linear dynamic range up to 100 dB, and reduced the equivalent noise power to 10^-13 W*Hz^-0.5. Reducing non-radiative recombination contributions significantly enhanced device performance, improving rise/fall times from 6.3/10.9 us to 4.6/6.5 us. The cut-off frequency (3dB) increased from 64.8 kHz to 74.8 kHz following the introduction of the dielectric. These results provide new insights into the use of organic dielectrics and an improved understanding of trap-states and ion defect compensation for detectors based on perovskite heterostructures.

The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with anchoring groups was considered as an effective approach for interface engineering in perovskite solar cells with metal oxide charge transporting layers. However, the coating of SAM layers in PSMs by means of a slot-die is a challenging process due to the low viscosity of the solutions and the low wettability of the films. In this study, we integrate a triphenylamine-based polymer, pTPA-TDP, blended with SAM based on 5-[4-[4-(diphenylamino) phenyl] thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (TPATC), to address the challenges of uniform slot-die coating and interface passivation in large-area modules. We fabricated p-i-n oriented PSMs on 50x50 mm2 substrates (12-sub-cells) with NiO hole transport layer (HTL) and organic interlayers for surface modification. Wetting angle mapping demonstrated that ununiform regions of the slot-die coated SAM have hydrophobicity with contact angle values up to 90{\deg}, causing fluctuations in absorber thickness and the presence of macro-defects at buried interfaces. The incorporation of the blended interlayer to NiO/perovskite junction homogenized the surface wettability (contact angle=40{\deg}) and mitigated lattice strain in the absorber. This enabled the effective use of SAM properties on a large-area surface, improving energy level alignment and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the modules from 13.98% to 15.83% and stability (ISOS-L-2, T80 period) from 500-1000 hours to 1630 hours. Investigation of PSMs upon cooling till -5 {\deg}C showed that the PCE increased by +0.19%/{\deg}C for samples with NiO HTL, while using SAM and blended interlayers raised the coefficient to ~0.40%/{\deg}C due to changes in activation energy and trap contributions to device performance across a wide temperature range.

In this article for the first time we applied the eclipse Z-scan technique which is by one order of magnitude more sensitive than the conventional Z-scan technique to measure LiNbO3 crystal nonlinear refractive index in the THz range. The obtained value of LiNbO3 nonlinear refractive index is estimated to be order of 10^-11 cm^2/W which is commensurate with known results. This value correlates with the theoretically calculated nonlinear refractive index coefficient of vibrational nature. The influence of thermal nonlinearity on the experimental results can be neglected, since the estimated temperature induced refractive index change equals to 2.6*10^-5, while addition from optical nonlinearity is 2.9*10^-3. The demonstrated heightened sensitivity of eclipse Z-scan allows to hold promise for the properties evaluation of materials exhibiting lower nonlinear refractive indices, thus expanding its applicability in characterizing diverse nonlinear optical materials., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

The study of plasma in liquid jets represents a significant area of research encompassing plasma science, dynamics, and properties. This paper presents experimental studies on plasma formation processes in liquid jets of water, ethanol, and isopropyl based on the dynamics of the third harmonic reflection from the induced plasma surface. The characteristics of plasma formation and its properties concerning the angle of incidence of pump radiation on the jet are described. Through time-resolved experiments, and theoretical estimations using Keldysh theory, plasma properties, including reflectivity, density, and frequency for three different media: water, ethanol, and isopropyl are evaluated. Among the studied liquid jets, the isopropyl one demonstrates the highest values of the characteristics mentioned. These findings hold significant potential for advancing our understanding of plasma-based radiation sources e.g. terahertz generation.

The values of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient for various materials in the terahertz frequency range exceed the ones in both visible and NIR ranges by several orders of magnitude. We report the direct measurement of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of liquid water by using the Z-scan method with broadband pulsed THz beam. Our experimental result shows that nonlinear refractive index coefficient in water is positive and can be as large as 3.5$\times$10$^{-10}$ cm$^{2}$/W in the THz frequency range, which exceeds the ones for the visible and NIR ranges by 6 orders of magnitude., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

We performed a diabatization of the mutually perturbed $1^1\Pi$ and $2^1\Pi$ states of KRb based on both electronic structure calculation and direct coupled-channel deperturbation analysis of experimental energies. The potential energy curves (PECs) of the diabatic states and their scalar coupling were constructed from the \textit{ab initio} adiabatic PECs by analytically integrating the radial $\langle \psi_1^{ad}|\partial /\partial R|\psi_2^{ad}\rangle$ matrix element obtained by a finite-difference method. The diabatic potentials and electronic coupling function were refined by the least squares fitting of the rovibronic termvalues of the $1^1\Pi\sim 2^1\Pi$ complex. The empirical PECs combined with the coupling function as well as the diabatized spin-orbit coupling and transition dipole matrix elements are useful for further deperturbation treatment of both singlet and triplet states manifold.