Search

This study presents the results of studying the indicators of heart rate variability in athletes-cheerleaders before and after a flight to other climatic and geographical conditions. Research hypothesis: among female athletes engaged in cheerleading for a long time, the process of adaptation to new climatic and geographical conditions occurs faster, with lower costs for the body relative to novice cheerleaders, which is determined by the heart rate regulation system. The survey involved 37 female cheerleaders aged 15–16, one group of whom had experience in this sport for less than one year, and the second group – more than two years. The cardiogram was recorded on the ANKAR-131 cardioanalyzer in the dynamics of adaptation to new climatic and geographical conditions (on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the arrival). The results were compared with those recorded on the 3rd day prior to departure. According to the results obtained, more pronounced changes in the indicators of heart rate regulation during adaptation were observed in female athletes with less than one year experience in cheerleading. After arrival, there was an increase in the voltage index and the power of the high frequency component of the spectrum in both groups of athletes, but only by the 14th day after arrival, the cheerleaders with more than two years of experience were observed to normalize these indicators to the level observed before departure. A significant increase in the power indicators of the low- and ultra-low-frequency spectrum component after arrival was also established, which by the 7th day after arrival decreased to the initial level (three days before departure). Based on the results of the analysis of changes in the centralization index, it was concluded that even on the 14th day after arrival, signs of maladjustment remain, which are most pronounced in athletes with less than one year of sports experience in cheerleading.

Simple Summary: The development of dairy cattle breeding is impossible without improving the technologies of raising, feeding, and high-quality breeding work. An important role in the development of cattle milk production is played by local breeds of cows, which have a sufficiently high genetic variability necessary for adaptations to future climate changes, consumer demand, and improvement of economically important traits. Low productivity is a crucial factor in the loss of local livestock breeds, as they are replaced by highly productive foreign cross breeds, which makes many countries, for example, Russia, Serbia, etc., dependent on imported breeds. This study investigated the effect of the inclusion of natural dry grits from Fucus vesiculosus and mineral adsorbent from the heat-treated mineral shungite extracted only in Russia in feeding native Suksun breed, and their effect on milk yield, the use of nutrients and nitrogen balance in the diet, and biochemical parameters of the blood. Our research purpose was to study the effect of the inclusion of a combination of phytobiotics in the form of dry Fucus vesiculosus grits (FG) and a mineral adsorbent from the heat-treated mineral shungite (TMS) on milk productivity, nutrient digestibility, and biochemical parameters of the Suksun dairy cows. A total of 80 dry-hardy cows of the Suksun breed were divided into four groups (20 heads each), balanced primarily by breed, age, body weight, body condition score, and indicators of milk yield for the previous lactation. The selected cows were with an average live body weight of 512.0 ± 1.28 kg, BCS 3.0–3.5, and parities of 6250 kg milk. The control group (CON) were fed the basic ration only; the second (TMS), third (FG), and fourth (TMS + FG) groups were fed the basic ration provided by 50 g of the mineral adsorbent from heat-treated shungite, 100 g of Fucus grits (Fucus vesiculosus), 50 g of the mineral adsorbent from heat-treated shungite, and 100 g of dry grits from Fucus vesiculosus, respectively. The total protein content in milk was significantly higher in the group receiving Fucus vesiculosus by 0.05% and the group receiving a combination of mineral adsorbent and Fucus vesiculosus by 0.03%. The percentage of milk fat content recorded the highest significant value in (TMS) group when compared to the control and represented (4.37 vs. 3.95). The group of cows that received (TMS + FG) revealed a significant difference in the digestibility of both ether extract and crude fiber when compared to the control group and represented (54.74 vs. 51.71 and 60.68 vs. 55.15%), respectively. The cows supplemented with a mineral adsorbent or a combination of mineral adsorbent and Fucus vesiculosus revealed a significant difference in the digestibility of ether extract and crude fiber in the group receiving TMS + FG by 3.0% (p < 0.05) and 5.5% (p < 0.05), respectively. The intake of nitrogen with the diet increased in (FG) and (TMS + FG) groups by 11.3 g (p < 0.05) and 13.4 g (p < 0.05) of nitrogen. There was an increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of rumen ammonia in the control group compared to the other groups. The glucose content of those cows that received FG and TMS + FG combination increased (p < 0.05) by 0.76 mmol/L and 0.90 mmol/l in relation to the control group. The globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, and the level of triglycerides revealed a significant difference between the different experimental groups. In brief, the inclusion of a combination of phytobiotics in the form of dry Fucus vesiculosus grits and a mineral adsorbent from the heat-treated mineral shungite in Suksun dairy cows' diets improved milk composition, digestibility of nutrients, utilization of nitrogen, and did not cause deleterious effects on blood biochemical indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of a radical-cation salt based on a derivative of tetrathiafulvalene, (ET)2[3,3′-Cr(1,2-C2B9H11)2] (ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalenium), was accomplished by electrochemical anodic oxidation of ET in the presence of (Me4N)[3,3´-Cr(1,2-C2B9H11)2] in the galvanostatic regime. An electric conductivity σ (293 K) = 7 × 10−3 Ohm−1 cm−1 with semiconductor activation energy Ea ≅ 0.1 eV in the range of 127-300 K was observed. The crystal structure of (ET)2[3,3′-Cr(1,2-C2B9H11)2] was determined by X-ray diffraction at 173 K, revealing the presence of structural tetramers in radical-cation stacks. The magnetic properties of the complex were investigated in the temperature range 1.8-300 K using magnetometry and EPR, showing that the magnetic structure of (ET)2[3,3′-Cr(1,2-C2B9H11)2] consists of two independent magnetic subsystems. Cation radicals form a rectangular magnetic lattice in the ab-plane with significant antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. The chromium bis(dicarbollide) anions are characterized by unusually strong positive zero-field splitting of the Cr(III) ions, which was confirmed by ab initio calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two charge‐transfer salts of ET (bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene or BEDT‐TTF) molecule and the anions containing multiple Re–Re bond have been investigated using Raman scattering and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopies. Q‐band ESR study allowed to record well‐split ESR spectra and determine spectroscopic splitting coefficients of ET+• radicals. The ESR data show the existence of two types of ET molecules in ET2[Re2Cl8] and one type in ET[Re2Br6CH3COO]⋅0.5(C2H3Cl3) that is consistent with the structural data. Additionally, the antiferromagnetic coupling within the ET dimers at low temperature was detected. The charge +1 e per ET molecule in both salts have been determined from the position of the vibrational modes ν2 and ν3 (Ag) of the ET molecule and compared with values obtained from the bond lengths analysis. The excitation line 633 nm was used to obtain the resonant Raman spectra of the salts. The enhanced anion fundamental vibrations and overtones show typical resonant behaviour. Moreover, the position of the band related to the Re–Re stretching vibration confirm the quadruple nature of the metal–metal bonds in the anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New radical cation salt of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalenium and iron bis(dicarbollide) [BEDT-TTF]2[3,3′-Fe(1,2-C2B9H11)2] (1) has been synthesized. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method found to be isostructural to the known Co and Cr analogues. The electric conductivity measurement in the range of 110÷296 К shows that 1 is semiconductor with the room temperature conductivity σ293 =1.5×10−2 Ω−1 cm−1, that is higher than in the Cr analogue and lower than in the Co analogue. The measurement of magnetic susceptibility in the range of 2÷300K revealed that 1 is paramagnetic with the absence of significant interactions between the organic radical cations and the paramagnetic anions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, (C10H8S8)[Re2Br6(CH3COO)]·0.5C2H3Cl3, contains one bis-(ethyl-enedi-thio)-tetra-thia-fulvalene (ET) radical cation, one μ2-acetato-bis-[tri-bromido-rhenate(III)] anion and a 1,1,2-tri-chloro-ethane mol-ecule with half-occupancy disordered about a twofold rotation axis. The tetra-thia-fulvalene fragment adopts an almost planar configuration typical of the ET radical cation. The C atoms of both ethyl-enedi-thio fragments in the cation are disordered over two orientations with occupancy factors 0.65:0.35 and 0.77:0.23. In the anion, six Br atoms and a μ2-acetate ligand form a strongly distorted cubic O2Br6 coordination polyhedron around the Re2 dinuclear centre. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related ET cations and Re2O2Br6 anions are linked into dimers by π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.826 (8) Å] and by pairs of additional Re⋯Br contacts [3.131 (3) Å], respectively. The dimers are further packed into a three-dimensional network by non-directional inter-ionic electrostatic forces and by C-H⋯Br and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The disordered 1,1,2-tri-chloro-ethane mol-ecules occupy solvent-accessible channels along the b axis.