Search

The present status of the heavy-quark production theory is critically reviewed in the first contribution. The second contribution summarises the present heavy flavour data from HERA and gives an outlook of what can be expected from HERA-II. The potential of the LHC experiments for charm and beauty physics is reviewed in the 3rd contribution. Then the relevance of saturation and small-x effects to heavy quark production at HERA and at the LHC are discussed. The non-perturbative aspects of heavy-quark fragmentation and their relevance to HERA and LHC are discussed in the next contribution. Finally, a comparison of different theoretical predictions for HERA and LHC based on different approaches is presented., Comment: 98 pages, HERA-LHC Workshop Proceedings: Summary report of Working Group 3, corrected list of authors

The HERA electron--proton collider has collected 100 pb$^{-1}$ of data since its start-up in 1992, and recently moved into a high-luminosity operation mode, with upgraded detectors, aiming to increase the total integrated luminosity per experiment to more than 500 pb$^{-1}$. HERA has been a machine of excellence for the study of QCD and the structure of the proton. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which will collide protons with a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, will be completed at CERN in 2007. The main mission of the LHC is to discover and study the mechanisms of electroweak symmetry breaking, possibly via the discovery of the Higgs particle, and search for new physics in the TeV energy scale, such as supersymmetry or extra dimensions. Besides these goals, the LHC will also make a substantial number of precision measurements and will offer a new regime to study the strong force via perturbative QCD processes and diffraction. For the full LHC physics programme a good understanding of QCD phenomena and the structure function of the proton is essential. Therefore, in March 2004, a one-year-long workshop started to study the implications of HERA on LHC physics. This included proposing new measurements to be made at HERA, extracting the maximum information from the available data, and developing/improving the theoretical and experimental tools. This report summarizes the results achieved during this workshop., Comment: Part A: plenary presentations, WG1: parton density functions, WG2: Multi-Jet final states and energy flows. 326 pages Part B: WG3: Heavy Quarks (Charm and Beauty), WG4: Diffraction, WG5: Monte Carlo Tools, 330 pages

The HERA electron--proton collider has collected 100 pb$^{-1}$ of data since its start-up in 1992, and recently moved into a high-luminosity operation mode, with upgraded detectors, aiming to increase the total integrated luminosity per experiment to more than 500 pb$^{-1}$. HERA has been a machine of excellence for the study of QCD and the structure of the proton. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which will collide protons with a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, will be completed at CERN in 2007. The main mission of the LHC is to discover and study the mechanisms of electroweak symmetry breaking, possibly via the discovery of the Higgs particle, and search for new physics in the TeV energy scale, such as supersymmetry or extra dimensions. Besides these goals, the LHC will also make a substantial number of precision measurements and will offer a new regime to study the strong force via perturbative QCD processes and diffraction. For the full LHC physics programme a good understanding of QCD phenomena and the structure function of the proton is essential. Therefore, in March 2004, a one-year-long workshop started to study the implications of HERA on LHC physics. This included proposing new measurements to be made at HERA, extracting the maximum information from the available data, and developing/improving the theoretical and experimental tools. This report summarizes the results achieved during this workshop., Comment: Part A: plenary presentations, WG1: parton density functions, WG2: Multi-Jet final states and energy flows. 326 pages Part B: WG3: Heavy Quarks (Charm and Beauty), WG4: Diffraction, WG5: Monte Carlo Tools, 330 pages. Figure 6 on page 411 replaced

The deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleon cross section is one of the components of few GeV neutrino interactions. We present here our results for neutrino-isoscalar nucleon charged current scattering including perturbative next-to-leading order QCD corrections, target mass corrections, charm mass and lepton mass corrections., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, Talk given at 3rd International Workshop on Neutrino Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region (NuInt04), Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy, 17-21 Mar 2004

Interest in the strange nucleon sea has been renewed when it was realized that the strangeness asymmetry $s^-=s-\bar{s}$ plays a prominent role in the interpretation of the NuTeV weak mixing angle anomaly. I review the NLO QCD calculation of the neutrino-production of opposite-sign dimuons as the experimental signature of the strange quark parton density. Results from a recent CTEQ fit are presented and discussed with respect to their stability under NLO corrections and their impact on the NuTeV measurement., Comment: 4 pages. To appear in the proceedings of 12th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2004), Strbske Pleso, Slovakia, 14-18 Apr 2004

The longitudinally polarized gluon density is probed sensitively in hard collisions of polarized protons under the condition that the dominant dynamics are perturbative and of leading twist origin. First data have recently been presented by Phenix on the double-spin asymmetry A_{LL}^{pi} for pi^0 production at moderate transverse momentum p_\perp \simeq 1 - 4 GeV and central rapidity. By means of a systematic investigation of the relevant degrees of freedom we show that the perturbative QCD framework at leading power in p_\perp produces an asymmetry that is basically positive definite in this kinematic range, i.e. A_{LL}^{pi}\gtrsim O(-10^{-3}) ., Comment: 4 pages. To appear in the proceedings of 12th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2004), Strbske Pleso, Slovakia, 14-18 Apr 2004

A recently completed next-to-leading-order program to calculate neutrino cross sections, including power-suppressed mass correction terms, has been applied to evaluate the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation, in order to quantitatively assess the validity and significance of the NuTeV anomaly. In particular, we study the shift of $\sin^2 \theta_{\mathrm{W}}$ obtained in calculations with a new generation of PDF sets that allow $s(x)\neq \bar{s}(x)$, enabled by recent neutrino dimuon data from CCFR and NuTeV, as compared to the previous $s = \bar{s}$ parton distribution functions like CTEQ6M. The extracted value of $\sin^2 \theta_{\mathrm{W}}$ is closely correlated with the strangeness asymmetry momentum integral $\int_{0}^{1}x[s(x)-\bar{s}(x)] dx$. We also consider isospin violating effects that have recently been explored by the MRST group. The results of our study suggest that the new dimuon data, the Weinberg angle measurement, and other data sets used in global QCD parton structure analysis can all be consistent within the Standard Model., Comment: 4 pages

We have performed the first global QCD analysis to include the CCFR and NuTeV dimuon data, which provide direct constraints on the strange and anti-strange parton distributions, $s(x)$ and $\bar{s}(x)$. To explore the strangeness sector, we adopt a general parametrization of the non-perturbative $s(x), \bar{s}(x)$ functions satisfying basic QCD requirements. We find that the strangeness asymmetry, as represented by the momentum integral $[S^{-}]\equiv \int_0^1 x [s(x)-\bar{s}(x)] dx$, is sensitive to the dimuon data provided the theoretical QCD constraints are enforced. We use the Lagrange Multiplier method to probe the quality of the global fit as a function of $[S^-]$ and find $-0.001 < [S^-] < 0.004$. Representative parton distribution sets spanning this range are given. Comparisons with previous work are made., Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures; expanded version for publication

Previously published CTEQ6 parton distributions adopt the conventional zero-mass parton scheme; these sets are most appropriate for use with massless hard-scattering matrix elements commonly found in most physics applications. For precision observables which are sensitive to charm and bottom quark mass effects, we provide in this paper an additional CTEQ6HQ parton distribution set determined in the more general variable flavor number scheme which incorporates heavy flavor mass effects. The results are obtained by combining these parton distributions with consistently matched DIS structure functions computed in the same scheme. We describe the analysis procedure, examine the predominant features of the new distributions, and compare with previous distributions., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures

We provide a complete and consistent framework to include subasymptotic perturbative as well as mass corrections to the leading twist (tau=2) evaluation of charged and neutral current weak structure functions and the perturbative neutrino cross sections. We revisit previous calculations in a modern language and fill in the gaps that we find missing for a complete and ready-to-use "NLO xi-scaling" formulary. In particular, as a new result we formulate the mixing of the partonic and hadronic structure function tensor basis in the operator approach to deep inelastic scattering. As an underlying framework we follow the operator product expansion a la Georgi & Politzer that allows the inclusion of target mass corrections at arbitrary order in QCD and we provide explicit analytical and numerical results at NLO. We compare this approach with a simpler collinear parton model approach to xi-scaling. Along with target mass corrections we include heavy quark mass effects as a calculable leading twist power suppressed correction. The complete corrections have been implemented into a Monte Carlo integration program to evaluate structure functions and/or integrated cross sections. As applications, we compare the operator approach with the collinear approximation numerically and we investigate the NLO and mass corrections to observables that are related to the extraction of the weak mixing angle from a Paschos-Wolfenstein-like relation in neutrino-iron scattering. We expect that the interpretation of neutrino scattering events in terms of oscillation physics and electroweak precision physics will benefit from our results., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, note added, to appear in PRD

Understanding neutrino interactions is an important task in searches for neutrino oscillations; e.g. the nu_{mu} -> nu_{tau} oscillation hypothesis will be tested through nu_{tau} production of tau in long-baseline experiments as well as underground neutrino telescopes. An anomaly in the deep inelastic interaction of neutrinos has recently been observed by the NuTeV collaboration -- resulting in a measured weak mixing angle sin^2 Theta_{W} that differs by ~ 3 sigma from the standard model expectation. In this contribution to the proceedings of NUINT02, we summarize results on the NLO neutrino structure functions and cross sections in which charm quark mass and target mass effects in the collinear approximation are included., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the proceedings of NUINT02, Dec 02, Irvine, CA

We extract the pion fragmentation functions and their uncertainties from a judicious choice of e+e- and semi-inclusive DIS data. These are used to study the error propagation in the extraction of polarized parton densities from semi-inclusive DIS asymmetries. We conclude that the uncertainties on polarized PDs have been underestimated in the past., Comment: 6 pages, 2 Figures, a talk presented by E. Leader at the X International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2002) in Krakow, 2002, Poland

The nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillation hypothesis will be tested through nu_tau production of tau in underground neutrino telescopes as well as long-baseline experiments. We provide the full QCD framework for the evaluation of tau neutrino deep inelastic charged current (CC) cross sections, including next-leading-order (NLO) corrections, charm production, tau threshold, and target mass effects in the collinear approximation. We investigate the violation of the Albright-Jarlskog relations for the structure functions F_4,5 which occur only in heavy lepton (tau) scattering. Integrated CC cross sections are evaluated naively over the full phase space and with the inclusion of DIS kinematic cuts. Uncertainties in our evaluation based on scale dependence, PDF errors and the interplay between kinematic and dynamical power corrections are discussed and/or quantified., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures

Charged current DIS charm production measures the strange-quark PDF. A complete analysis requires both a fully differential theoretical calculation, and a Monte Carlo detector simulation. We present analytic and numeric results at NLO suitable for experimental analysis., Comment: 3 pages, 1 figures. Contribution to Snowmass 2001 workshop, P5 group

Experimental analyses of charged current deep inelastic charm production -- as observed through dimuon events in neutrino-iron scattering -- measure the strangeness component of the nucleon sea. A complete analysis requires a Monte Carlo simulation to account for experimental detector acceptance effects; therefore, a fully differential theoretical calculation is necessary to provide complete kinematic information. We investigate the theoretical issues involved in calculating these differential distributions at Next-Leading-Order (NLO). Numerical results are presented for typical fixed target kinematics. We present a corresponding FORTRAN code suitable for experimental NLO analysis., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures

We discuss how to extract the polarized parton densities and fragmentation functions in a model independent way from SIDIS, and present results for D_{u,d,s}^{\pi^+}., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Talk given by E. Christova at IX Workshop on High Energy Physics, SPIN 2001, Dubna, Russia

By combining recent HERMES data on semi-inclusive DIS $\pi^\pm$-production with the singlet fragmentation function $D_\Sigma^{\pi^+}$, which is well determined from $e^+e^-$ data, we are able to extract, for the first time, the flavoured fragmentation functions $D_u^{\pi^+}$, $D_d^{\pi^+}$ and $D_s^{\pi^+}$ without making any assumptions about favoured and unfavoured transitions. Whereas $D_u^{\pi^+}$ and $D_d^{\pi^+}$ are very well determined, the accuracy of $D_s^{\pi^+}$ is limited by the uncertainty in evolving $D_\Sigma^{\pi^+}$ from the $Z^0$ pole down to the SIDIS scale of a few $(GeV)^2$. We discuss how the precision on $D_s^{\pi^+}$ could be improved. Knowledge of the $D_{q=u,d,s}^{\pi^+}$ will permit the extraction of the polarized parton densities from future polarized SIDIS asymmetry measurements. We study the precision that can be expected in such an extraction., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, minor changes for publication in EPJC

The first measurements of Delta- xF3 are higher than current theoretical predictions. We investigate the sensitivity of these theoretical predictions upon a variety of factors including: renormalization scheme and scale, quark mass effects, higher twist, isospin violation, and PDF uncertainties., Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages, 11 figures

The main focus of this working group was to investigate the different issues associated with the development of quantitative tools to estimate parton distribution functions uncertainties. In the conclusion, we introduce a "Manifesto" that describes an optimal method for reporting data., Comment: Report of the Parton Distributions Working Group of the 'QCD and Weak Boson Physics workshop in preparation for Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron'. Co-Conveners: L. de Barbaro, S.A. Keller, S. Kuhlmann, H. Schellman, and W.-K. Tung

We present a status report of a variety of projects related to heavy quark production and parton distributions for the Tevatron Run II., Comment: Latex. 8 pages, 7 eps figures. Contribution to the Physics at Run II Workshops: QCD and Weak Boson Physics

Fitting $Z^0$-pole data from ALEPH and SLD, and TPC data at a lower c.m.s.\ energy, we fix the boundary condition for NLO parton$\to$hadron (hadron$=\pi^\pm, K^\pm, \sum_h h^\pm$) fragmentation functions (FFs) at the low resolution scale of the radiative parton model of Gl\"{u}ck, Reya and Vogt (GRV). Perturbative LO$\leftrightarrow$NLO stability is investigated. The emphasis of the fit is on information on the fragmentation process for individual light ($u,d,s$) and heavy ($c,b$) quark flavours where we comment on the factorization scheme for heavy quarks in $e^+e^-$ annihilations as compared to deep inelastic production. Inasmuch as the light quark input parameters are not yet completely pinned down by measurements we assume power laws to implement a physical hierarchy among the FFs respecting valence enhancement and strangeness suppression both of which are manifest from recent leading particle measurements. Through the second Mellin moments of the input functions we discuss the energy-momentum sum rule for massless FFs. We discuss our results in comparison to previous fits and recent 3-jet measurements and formulate present uncertainties in our knowledge of the individual FFs., Comment: 34 pages, 11 eps-figures, uses epsfig, amssymb, citesort, 1 reference updated

In this note we formulate and investigate theoretical uncertainties for high Q^2 deep inelastic heavy quark (charm, etc.) production rates which arise within collinear resummation techniques from variations of the a priori unknown charm input scale Q_0 of O(alpha_s) variable flavour number schemes. We show that Q_0 variations constitute a source of considerable theoretical uncertainty of present O(alpha_s) calculations within such schemes and we suggest to consider a scale optimization from higher order corrections. We also outline how the stability of the fixed order and collinearly resummed perturbation series for heavy quark production can be comparatively investigated by variation of Q_0., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, minor modifications for publication in PLB

Charged current charm and D meson production is studied in detail as a means of determining the unpolarized and polarized strange sea densities at HERA. All analyses are performed in next-to-leading order QCD, including a calculation of the so far unknown spin-dependent MSbar coefficient functions up to O(alpha_s). It is shown that a decent measurement is possible in the unpolarized case, provided a sufficient luminosity can be reached in the future, while for longitudinally polarized beams it appears to be extremely challenging due to limitations imposed on the expected statistical accuracy by the charm detection efficiency., Comment: 34 pages, LaTeX, 7 eps figures, uses amssymb, axodraw (included) and epsfig styles

Neutrino-nucleon total cross sections for neutrino energies up to ultrahigh energies (UHE), E_\nu=10^12 GeV, are evaluated within the framework of the dynamical (radiative) parton model. The expected uncertainties of these predictions do not exceed the level of about 20 % at the highest energies where contributions of parton distributions in the yet unmeasured region around x\simeq 10^-8 to 10^-9 are non-negligible. This is far more accurate than estimated uncertainties of about 2^+-1 due to ad hoc extrapolations of parton distributions to x<10^-5 required for calculating UHE cosmic neutrino event rates., Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures, uses epsfig and amssymb style

In charged current deep inelastic scattering charm is dominantly produced in scattering events on strange quarks, thereby allowing for an experimental determination of the nucleon's strange sea density. A measurement of the energy spectrum of final state charm fragments (D-mesons) determines the charm fragmentation function at spacelike scales considerably below typical e^+e^- c.m.s. energies. NLO corrections to the naive s -> c parton model production picture are important and well understood., Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures, uses epsfig and espcrc2 style

We perform an analysis of semi-inclusive production of charm (D-mesons) in neutral current (NC) and charged current (CC) deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at full O(alpha_s^1). Our calculation is based on the heavy quark scheme developed by Aivazis, Collins, Olness and Tung (ACOT) where we include an O(alpha_s^1) calculation of quark scattering contributions for general masses and couplings. We review the relevant massive formulae and subtraction terms and discuss their massless limits. We show how the charm fragmentation function can be measured in CC DIS and we investigate whether the charm production dynamics may be tested in NC DIS. We also discuss finite initial state quark mass effects in CC and NC DIS., Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures, uses epsfig and amssymb style, corrected references

We present O(alpha_s^1) corrections to deep inelastic scattering amplitudes on massive quarks obtained within the scheme of Aivazis, Collins, Olness and Tung (ACOT). After identifying the correct subtraction term the convergence of these contributions towards the analogous coefficient functions for massless quarks, obtained within the modified minimal subtraction scheme (MSbar), is demonstrated. Furthermore, the quantitative relevance of the contributions to neutral current (NC) and charged current (CC) structure functions is investigated for several choices of the factorization scale., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures; uses epsfig.sty, amssymb.sty, axodraw.sty; minor changes for publication in Phys. Rev. D

We present formulae for the momentum (z) distributions of D-mesons produced in neutrino deep-inelastic scattering off strange partons. The expressions are derived within the variable flavor scheme of Aivazis et al. (ACOT-scheme), which is extended from its fully inclusive formulation to one-hadron inclusive leptoproduction. The dependence of the results on the assumed strange quark mass m_s is investigated and the m_ \to 0 limit is compared to the corresponding MSbar results. The importance of O(alpha_s) quark-initiated corrections is demonstrated for the m_s=0 case., Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures, uses epsfigand amssymb style, 2 obvious typos corrected, some minor modifications for publication

Neutrino induced deep inelastic charm production off strange sea partons in the nucleon is studied in the framework of the MSbar fixed flavor factorization scheme. The momentum (z) distributions of the produced D mesons as calculated in the next-to-leading order QCD analysis are presented and compared to their leading order counterparts. Perturbative stability within this formalism is demonstrated and the compatibility of recent next-to-leading order (NLO) strange quark distributions with available dimuon data is investigated. Our NLO (MSbar) results provide, for the first time, the tools required for a consistent and complete NLO (MSbar) analysis of charged current dimuon data in order to extract the strange sea density in NLO. It is furthermore shown that the absolute predictions of radiatively (dynamically) generated strange sea densities are in agreement with all present measurements., Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures, uses epsfig style, typo corrected in eq.(A9)

Charm production as related to the determination of the strange sea density in deep inelastic charged current processes is studied predominantly in the framework of the $\overline{{\rm{MS}}}$ fixed flavor factorization scheme. Perturbative stability within this formalism is demonstrated. The compatibility of recent next-to-leading order strange quark distributions with the available dimuon and $F^{\nu N}_2$ data is investigated. It is shown that final conclusions concerning these distributions afford further analyses of presently available and/or forthcoming neutrino data., Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures