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Background and objective: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women. The present study aims to assess the sign and symptoms of cervical cancer in women aged between 25-80 years. Materials and Method: The current study was a case control study. Total age matched 75 cases and controls were taken. The sampling technique for cases was total enumeration technique and for controls purposive sampling was used. Women who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in study. A questionnaire was developed to identify the sign and symptoms of cervical cancer amongst the subjects. Face to face interview was conducted with the subjects. Result: There was significant difference (p<0.05) of pain during sexual intercourse, bleeding during sexual intercourse, lower back pain, itching and burning in genital area, vaginal discharge that smell unpleasant, bleeding between period, and excessive vaginal bleeding with development of cervical cancer. In logistic regression excessive bleeding and lower back pain showed a significant association with development of carcinoma of cervix. Conclusion: Pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse, lower back pain, itching and burning in genital area, vaginal discharge that smell unpleasant, bleeding between period, and excessive vaginal bleeding were the sign and symptom of cervical cancer. With prior identification of sign and symptoms of cervical cancer can identify carcinoma of cervix in early stages and prompt treatment can be started. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respected Editor, On November 10, 2020, India's COVID-19 cases crossed 8.6 million, of which approximately 127,500 people succumbed.1 The burden of multiple stressors, such as scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE), undue work demands, pessimistic public attitudes, and physical attacks, instigate lasting moral injury on healthcare professionals (HCPs).2,3 Governmental and institutional strategies to address psychosocial well-being and mitigate these negative gestures from society are suboptimal in our country with diverse socio-cultural and regional disparities. We propose a model to depict threats to HCPs during COVID-19 pandemic and the strategies to deal with it. Physical stressors, such as excessive physical exertion due to long working hours in PPE, staff constraints, physical attacks, and inadequate rest and sleep, cause bodily damage to the worker. [Extracted from the article]

Tools included were study participant profile, the Screener for Somatoform Disorder (SSD)5 to assess somatoform symptoms, and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21)6 to assess other psychological symptoms. The prevalence of somatoform symptoms was 27.4 % ( I n i = 192), of which 10.9% ( I n i = 76) had screened positive for somatoform symptoms without any other psychological symptoms. The overall prevalence of psychological symptoms was 49.7% ( I n i = 348), whereas 28.8% ( I n i = 202) reported multiple psychological symptoms (screened positive for more than one symptom, i.e. depression, stress, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms). [Extracted from the article]

INTRODUCTION: Menstrual cycle is the cyclical shedding of endometrium every 28±7 days in response to hormones. Dysmenorrhea is one of the commonest problems among the menstruating females. Dysmenorrhoea is defined as symptoms associated with menstruation, such as abdominal pain, cramping, backache that interfere with activities of daily living Dysmenorrhoea has been found to result in marked reduction in quality of life among females of reproductive age. AIM: The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, to compare the severity, and to determine the impact of dysmenorrhea on Activity of Daily Living (ADLs) among married and unmarried nursing personnel. MATERIALS & METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. Multi-stage sampling was done to find out the subjects having dysmenorrhoea among nursing personnel under study. Socio demographic data, menstrual history of subjects, history of dysmenorrhea was documented using an interview schedule. Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale was used to know the impact of dysmenorrhoea on activities of daily living of the study subjects. 805 nursing personnel were surveyed and 651 were found to be menstruating. 263 were found to be having dysmenorrhoea. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among the subjects was 40.39% (43% in married and 57% in unmarried subjects). Around half (46%) subjects (both married and unmarried) were able to do their ADL during dysmenorrhoea independently, 16% were partially dependent and 38% were totally dependent. Severe pain during dysmenorrhoea was experienced by 32.4% subjects. About half (50.2%) subjects were using pharmacological treatment. Non pharmacological management such as hot fomentation, rest, jaggery and saunth was used by 27% subjects, of which around two third were using hot fomentation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea is lower in married as compared to unmarried women. More than half described their dysmenorrhoea as moderate and severe. Dysmenorrhoea related symptoms have negative impact on quality of life, Activity of Daily Living and can make women depend on others for her ADLs. Dysmenorrhoea is one of cause of avoiding work, leave from duty and social isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]