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1. Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

Author

Cécile Couchoud, Florian Bayer, Carole Ayav, Clémence Béchade, Philippe Brunet, François Chantrel, Luc Frimat, Roula Galland, Maryvonne Hourmant, Emmanuelle Laurain, Thierry Lobbedez, Lucile Mercadal, Olivier Moranne, Abdelhamid Abbassi, Alain Debure, Abdallah Guerraoui, Abdelatif Benmoussa, Abdelaziz Hamani, Abdelaziz Ziane, Abdelhamid Nefti, Abdelkader Hadj, Abderrahim El Amari, Abderrahmane Ghazali, Abo Bakr Abd El Fatah Mohamed, Achour Laradi, Adel Ben Ahmed, Adel Sahar, Adele Pillet, Adeline Lacraz, Adnan Moinat, Afshin Massoumi, Agathe Pardon, Agnes Caillette Beaudoin, Agnes Chapelet Debout, Agnes Mariot, Ahmed Rachi, Aida Afiani, Aime Remy Boula, Al Jalaby, Alain Cremault, Alain Fournier, Alain Jeanson, Alain Lyon, Alain Nony, Alain Robert, Alain Slingeneyer, Alanor Agnes Labatide, Albane Brodin Sartorius, Albert Bensman, Albert Fournier, Alex Ranlin, Alex Vido Sandor, Alexandra Colombo, Alexandra Duhem, Alexandra Stancu, Alexandre Dufay, Alexandre Dumoulin, Alexandre Ebel, Alexandre Klein, Alexandre Martin, Alexandre Mouneimne, Alexandre Seidowsky, Alfio De Martin, Alfredo Zannier, Ali Aizel, Ali Hafi, Ali Zineddine Diddaoui, Alim Heyani, Alina Mocanu, Alina Preda, Aline Hafi, Aline Talaszka, Alyette Duquesne, Amar Amaouche, Amel Ghemmour, Amelie Simon, Amina Skalli, Amine Boukadida, Amr Ekhlas Ragab Eid, Ana Fedorca, Anabelle Baillet, Anais Poyet, Ancuta Bouffandeau Giorgita, Anderson Ratsimbazafy, Andre Pruna, Angel Argiles, Angelo Testa, Ann Karolien Vandooren, Anne Jolivot, Anne Kolko Labadens, Anne Lataste, Anne Maisin, Anne Paris, Anne Sechet, Anne Wuillai, Anne Elisabeth Heng, Anne Gaelle Josse, Anne Helene Querard, Anne Helene Reboux, Anne Laure Adra, Anne Laure Faller, Anne Laure Leclerc, Anne Laure Poitou, Annie Lahoche Manucci, Antoine Jacquet, Antoine Pommereau, Antoine Thierry, Arezki Adem, Arielle Chapelet, Arnaud Del Bello, Arnaud Delezire, Arnaud Garnier, Arnaud Guerard, Arnaud Klisnick, Arnaud Lionet, Arnaud Roccabianca, Arnaud Stolz, Arthur Capdeville, Asma Allal, Assem Alrifai, Assetou Diarrassouba, Assia Djema, Assia Ferhat Carre, Astrid Godron Dubrasquet, Atman Haddj Elmrabet, Audrey Jegado, Aurelia Bertholet Thomas, Aurelie Davourie Salandre, Aurelie Pajot, Aurelien Lorthioir, Aurelien Tiple, Aurore Sury, Ayman Abokasem, Ayman Sarraj, Bachir Henaoui, Baher Chaghouri, Bassem Wehbe, Beatrice Ball, Beatrice Viron, Belkassem Issad, Benedicte Hodemon Corne, Benedicte Janbon, Benjamin Deroure, Benjamin Savenkoff, Benoit Jonon, Benoit Vendrely, Benyakoub Djelaleddine, Bernard Ohry, Bernard Painchart, Bernard Strullu, Bernard Temperville, Bertin Ebikili, Bertrand Hacq, Bertrand Morel, Bilal Aoun, Blanca Muniz, Bouchra Chlih, Brahim Amara, Brice Mayor, Brigitte Gilson, Brigitte Llanas, Brigitte Zins, Bruno Bourgeon, Bruno Coevoet, Bruno Guery, Bruno Legallicier, Bruno Paris, Bruno Ranchin, Bruno Seigneuric, Camelia Ghiciuc Dita, Camelia Prelipcean, Carine Achard Hottelart, Carine Diet, Carlos Frangie, Carlos Vela, Carmina Muresan, Carole Deprele, Caroline Araujo, Caroline Bidault, Caroline Creput, Caroline Delclaux, Caroline Du Halgouet, Caroline Favennec, Caroline Freguin, Caroline Gourraud Vercel, Caroline Mesguen, Caroline Ndomo Obama, Caroline Poitou, Caroline Preissig Dirhold, Caroline Roubiou, Catherine Albert, Catherine Bessin, Catherine De Marion Gaja, Catherine Godart, Catherine Lasseur, Catherine Leocardi, Catherine Lumbroso, Catherine Melander, Catherine Michel, Catherine Quere Maurouard, Catherine Rouannet, Catherine Taddei, Cathy Verove, Cecile Guiraud, Cecile Tafelin, Cecile Turc Baron, Cedric Formet, Cedric Pinier, Celia Lessore De Ste Foy, Celine Granolleras, Chaouki Bennini, Charles Cartou, Charles Chazot, Charlotte Jouzel, Cherif Badid, Christa Roubicek, Christel Viaud, Christelle Verrier, Christian Chuet, Christian Combe, Christian Dabot, Christian Duvic, Christian Emond, Christian Lagarde, Christian Lamotte, Christian Pain, Christiane Mousson, Christie Lorriaux, Christine Beauchamp, Christine Fumeron, Christine Le Gurun, Christine Leroy, Christine Pietrement, Christine Richer, Christophe Bouaka, Christophe Charasse, Christophe Goupy, Christophe Ridel, Cindy Castrale, Cindy Detourne, Clair Francois, Claire Presne, Claire Trivin, Clarissa Von Kotze, Claude Bernard, Claude Bonniol, Claude Desvergnes, Claude Raharivelina, Claudia Nistor, Claudine Gueret, Claudine Lloret, Claudine Saltiel, Clelia Rosati, Clementine Rabate, Corina Stanescu, Corinne Ferrandini, Corinne Guibergia, Corinne Lemoine, Corinne Passeron, Cynthia Kahil, Cyril Garrouste, Cyril Vo Van, Cyrille Jolimoy, Dalila Kesraoui, Damien Jolly, Damien Thibaudin, Dan Teboulle, Daniel Daubresse, Daniel Louvet, Daniel Rasamimanantsoa, Daniel Toledano, Daniela Babici, Daniela David, Daniela Dincu, Danielle Bruno, Delia May, Delphine Haussaire, Delphine Henriet Viprey, Denis Bugnon, Denis Fouque, Denis Morin, Derradji Nour, Diab Mohamed Mahmoud, Diana Istrati Cristescu, Didier Aguilera, Didier Coste, Didier Hamel, Didier Le Chapois, Didier Testou, Dilaver Erbilgin, Djamal Dahmane, Doan Bui Quang, Dominique Bertrand, Dominique Besnier, Dominique Blanchier, Dominique Briffa, Dominique Caux, Dominique Durand, Dominique Fleury, Dominique Guerrot, Dominique Hestin, Dominique Jaubert, Dominique Joly, Dominique Lombart, Dominique Pagniez, Dominique Pierre, Dominique Schohn, Donatien Ikonga, Dorina Visanica, Dorothee Bazin, Edouard Boury, Edouard Maksour, Ekoue Agbonon, Elarbi Harrami, Elena Marcu, Elena Tudorache, Elisabeth Caniot, Elisabeth Semjen, Elisabeth Tomkiewicz, Elise Scheidt, Elke Gaboriau, Elodie Lamouroux, Elsa Guiard, Elsa Martin Passos, Emerson Nsembani, Emilie Fache, Emilie Kalbacher, Emilie Pambrun, Emilie Pincon, Emma Allain Launay, Emmanuel Baron, Emmanuel Dupuis, Emmanuel Villar, Emmanuelle Charlin, Emmanuelle Hecquet, Emmanuelle Kohler, Emmanuelle Rosier, Enrique Figueroa, Eric Azoulay, Eric Canivet, Eric Daugas, Eric Gauthier, Eric Laruelle, Eric Le Guen, Eric Legrand, Eric Moumas, Eric Postec, Eric Prinz, Eric Renaudineau, Estelle Desport, Estelle Ricard Sutra, Etienne Berard, Etienne Ged, Etienne Robin, Eve Vilaine, Evelyne Bargas, Evelyne Mac Namara, François Combarnous, Fatima Yazbeck, Fabien Gerard, Fabien Metivier, Fabien Parazols, Fabien Soulis, Fabrice Garnier, Fadhila Pech Messaoudene, Fadi Haidar, Fanny Boullenger, Fanny Lepeytre, Fanny Leroy, Fares Frejate, Farid Bellahsene, Farid Bellhasene, Farid Saidani, Fatouma Toure, Faycal Kriaa, Fazia Nemmar, Fernando Vetromile, Florence Chalmin, Florence Lucats, Florence Sens, Florence Villemain, Florent Plasse, Fouad Lebhour, Francis Schillinger, Franck Berge, Franck Bourdon, Franck Bridoux, Franck Reynaud, Francois Babinet, Francois Basse, Francois Chantrel, Francois Clair, Francois Coulomb, Francois De Cornelissen, Francois Glowacki, Francois Marchal, Francois Maurice, Francois Nobili, Francois Pourreau, Francois Provot, Francois Roux Amani, Francoise Broux, Francoise Bulte, Francoise Heibel, Francoise Leonetti, Francoise Moussion Schott, Frank Le Roy, Frederic Besson, Frederic Lavainne, Frederic Tollis, Frederique Bocquentin, Frederique Meeus, Frederique Vecina, Friederike Von Ey, Gabriel Balit, Gabriel Choukroun, Gabriel Gruget, Gabriel Huchard, Gabriella Golea, Gabrielle Duneau, Gaelle Lefrancois, Gaelle Pelle, Gaetan Lebrun, Genevieve Dumont, Georges Brillet, Georges Deschenes, Georges Mourad, Georges Stamatakis, Geraldine Cazajous, Geraldine D'ythurbide, Geraldine Robitaille Wiart, Gerard Cardon, Gerard Champion, Gerard Deschodt, Gerard Mangenot, Gerard Motte, Gerard Schortgen, Ghada Boulahia, Ghassan Maakaroun, Ghylene Bourdat Michel, Gilbert Zanetta, Gilles Hufnagel, Gilles Messier, Giorgina Piccoli, Gregoire Couvrat Desvergnes, Guillaume Bobrie, Guillaume Bonnard, Guillaume Clement, Guillaume Jean, Guillaume Queffeulou, Guillaume Seret, Guillaume Vernin, Guy Delavaud, Guy Lambrey, Guy Rostoker, Gwenaelle Poussard, Gwenaelle Roussey Kesler, H. Leon, Habib Aboubekr, Hacene Boulechfar, Hacene Sekhri, Hadia Hebibi, Hadjira Benalia, Hafed Fessi, Hafsabhai Atchia, Haiat Bittar, Hakim Maiza, Hakim Mazouz, Hamid El Ali, Hammouche Bougrida, Hans Van Der Pijl, Hassan Lokmane, Hassane Izzedine, Hassen Adda, Helene De Preneuf, Helene Leray, Helene Philippot, Henri Boulanger, Henri Merault, Henri Renaud, Herve Bonarek, Herve Maheut, Hilaire Nzeyimana, Hocine Mehama, Hocine Zaidi, Hugo Weclawiak, Hugues Flodrops, Huseyin Karaaslan, Ibrahim Haskour, Ihssen Belhadj, Imad Almoubarak, Imad Haddad, Ines Castellano, Ines Ferrandiz, Ioana Daniliuc, Ioana Darie, Ioana Enache, Ionut Prunescu, Irenee Djiconkpode, Irina Shahapuni, Isabelle Bouchoule, Isabelle Devriendt, Isabelle Kazes, Isabelle Kolb, Isabelle Landru, Isabelle Poli, Isabelle Rey, Isabelle Segalen, Isabelle Selcer, Isabelle Vernier, Isabelle Vrillon, Ismahane Guenifi, J. Dominique Gheerbrandt, Jacky Potier, Jacques Becart, Jacques Cledes, Jacques Ducros, Jacques Duvic, Jacques Fourcade, Jacques Gaultier, Jacques Jurine, Jacques Lebleu, Jacques Ollier, Jacques Ibsen Charles, Jamal Yazji, Janette Mansour, Jean Arnautou, Jean Brocard, Jean Carolfi, Jean Montoriol, Jean Baptiste Gouin, Jean Bernard Palcoux, Jean Christophe Bendini, Jean Claude Aldigier, Jean Claude Alphonse, Jean Daniel Delbet, Jean Francois Bonne, Jean Francois Cantin, Jean Francois De Fremont, Jean Francois Dessassis, Jean Francois Subra, Jean Francois Valentin, Jean Francois Verdier, Jean Jacques Dion, Jean Jacques Haultier, Jean Jacques Montseny, Jean Louis Bacri, Jean Louis Bouchet, Jean Luc Mahe, Jean Marc Chalopin, Jean Marc Gabriel, Jean Marc Hurot, Jean Marc Lanau, Jean Marie Batho, Jean Marie Coulibaly, Jean Michel Hardin, Jean Michel Marc, Jean Michel Poux, Jean Michel Rebibou, Jean Michel Tivollier, Jean Noel Ottavioli, Jean Paul Faucon, Jean Paul Imiela, Jean Paul Jaulin, Jean Paul Masselot, Jean Paul Ortiz, Jean Philippe Bourdenx, Jean Philippe Devaux, Jean Philippe Hammelin, Jean Pierre Rivory, Jean Pierre Wauquier, Jean Rene Larue, Jean Rene Mondain, Jean Sebastien Borde, Jean Simon Virot, Jean Yves Bosc, Jedjiga Achiche, Jennifer Parasote, Jeremie Diolez, Jerome Harambat, Jerome Potier, Jerome Sampol, Jihad Mustel, Jean Jacques Lefevre, Jocelyne Maurizi, Joel Gamberoni, Joelle Claudeon, Joelle Terzic, Joffrey Rogol, Johnny Sayegh, Jorge Cardozo, Jose Brasseur, Jose Guiserix, Joseph Barsumau, Julie Albaret, Julie Beaume, Julie Sohier Attias, Julien Dehay, Julien Hogan, Julien Journet, Julien Ott, Juliette Baleynaud, Justine Bacchetta, Justine Faucher, Kamel Yousfi, Karim Dardim, Karine Clabault, Karine Moreau, Kedna Thomas, Khaled Sirajedine, Khalil Chedid, Khalil El Kaeoui, Khalil El Karoui, Khedidja Bouachi, Kheira Hue, Khuzama El Nasser, Kodso Akposso, Kristian Kunz, Krzysztof Bijak, Lilia Kihal, L. Rasoloarijaona, Laid Harbouche, Larbi Bencheikh, Larbie Lamriben, Latifa Hanafi, Laura Braun Parvez, Laure Champion, Laure Croze, Laure Eprinchard, Laure Patrier, Laurence Nicolet, Laurence Vrigneaud, Laurent Duflot, Leandre Mackaya, Leila Chenine, Leon Odry, Lili Taghipour Tamiji, Lilia Antri Bouzar, Liliane Ngango Nga Messi, Lionel Le Mouellic, Lise Mandart, Lise Weis, Lise Marie Pouteau, Lora Georgieva, Lorita Vitanova, Lotfi Chalabi, Luc Delvallez, Luc Fromentin, Luc Marty, Luc Monjot, Luciana Spataru, Lucie Bessenay, Lucie Boissinot, Lucie Wajsbrot, Lucien Rakoff, Ludivine Lebourg, Lydie Perez, Lyliane Lafage, Lynda Azzouz, Madeleine Dumoulin, Messaoud Ouziala, Maan Joseph, Mabrouk Brahimi, Maeva Wong Fat, Magalie Fort, Magued Nakhla, Mahdi Abtahi, Mahen Albadawy, Mahmoud Alouach, Mahmoud Mezghani, Maite Daroux, Maklouf Boukelmoune, Malek Dhib, Malik Touam, Malina Dubau, Mamadou Balde, Man Nguyen Khoa, Manfred Ismer, Manolie Mehdi, Manon Laforet, Marc Bouiller, Marc Eugene, Marc Fila, Marc Hazzan, Marc Kribs, Marc Ladriere, Marc Lebot, Marc Padilla, Marc Souid, Marcel Marraoui, Maren Burbach, Maria Manescu, Maria Eugenia Noguera Gonzalez, Mariana Revenco, Marianne Terrasse, Marie Essi, Marie Alice Macher, Marie Beatrice Nogier, Marie Cecile Cazin, Marie Christine Schweitzer Camoin, Marie Christine Thouret, Marie Claude Hannaert, Marie France Servel, Marie Helene Chabannier, Marie Jeanne Coudert Krier, Marie Noelle Catoliquot, Marie Paule Guillodo, Marie Sophie Gavard, Marie Xaviere Vairon Codaccioni, Marina Rabec, Marine Freist, Marion Gauthier, Marion Lemaire, Marion Mehrenberger, Marion Venot, Marios Pongas, Marlene Beaubrun Diant, Martial Levannier, Martine Bertaux, Mathieu Jablonski, Mathieu Sacquepee, Mathilde Dargelos, Mathilde Lemoine, Mathilde Tamain, Matthieu Monge, Matthieu Reberolle, Maud Cousin, Maud Francois, Maurice Baron, Maxime Hoffmann, Maxime Ingwiller, Maxime Touzot, Mederick Mohajer, Mehadji Maaz, Melanie Hanoy, Melanie Marroc, Melodie Cuny, Menno Van Der Straaten, Mf. Serveaux, Michel Basteri, Michel Fen Chong, Michel Hecht, Michel Massad, Michel Normand, Michel Olmer, Michel Tolani, Michel Tsimaratos, Michele Hemery, Michele Kessler, Miguel Esposito, Milad Shenouda, Mimi Kareche, Mina Khalili, Mirella Diaconita, Mohamad Khair Rifard, Mohamed Aladib, Mohamed Belmouaz, Mohamed Brahim, Mohamed Diouani, Mohamed Fodil Cherif, Mohamed Jamali, Mohamed Maghlaoua, Mohamed Meddeb, Mohamed Ramdane, Mohamed Rifaat, Mohamed Sharifull Islam, Mohamed Adnan Abbade, Mokhtar Amrandi, Mokhtar Chawki, Monica Ciobotaru, Monica Indrieis, Monique Chanas, Monique Hoarau, Monzer Tomeh, Moufida Bellou, Mouloud Bouzernidj, Mounia Ammor, Mounir Guergour, Mountassir Benzakour, Mourad Hachicha, Moussa Coulibaly, Mustafa Smati, Mustapha Al Morabiti, Mustapha Amirou, Myriam Isnard, Myriam Pastural, Myriam Pujo, Nourredine Boumendjel, Nabil Majbri, Nabila Goumri, Nadege Mingat, Nader Bassilios, Nadia Kerkeni, Nadia Sedrati, Nadia Soltani, Nadine Maroun, Nadine Neyrat, Nahn Luang, Najeh El Esper, Naji Ammar, Nasredine Ghali, Nasser Hamdini, Natacha Noel, Natacha Potelune, Nathalie Maisonneuve, Nathalie Pertuiset, Nathalie Raynal, Nathalie Vittoz, Nazim Terki, Nelly Castin, Nestor Nankeu, Nicolas Bouvier, Nicolas Keller, Nicolas Legros, Nicolas Peters, Nicolas Quirin, Nicole Lefrancois, Nicole Monnier, Nicole Rance, Niels Bruckmann, Noel Mertens, Nolwenn Lorcy, Olivia Gilbert, Olivier Coldefy, Olivier Drouineau, Olivier Dunand, Olivier Fritz, Olivier Imhoff, Olivier Kourilsky, Olivier Lavelle, Olivier Papin, Olivier Roques, Ophelie Le Maner, Oussamah Fikri Benbrahim, Pablo Antonio Erina Torres, Pablo Antonio Urena Torres, Paolo Malvezzi, Pascal Bindi, Pascal Cluzel, Pascal Fontanier, Pascal Wheatley, Pascale Depraetre, Pascale Dubosq, Pascale Halin, Pascale Sebahoun, Pascale Siohan, Pascale Testevuide, Patrice Deteix, Patrice Nolen, Patricia Hue, Patricia Lemarchand, Patrick Donnadieu, Patrick Fievet, Patrick Fohrer, Patrick Francais, Patrick Giraud, Patrick Hallonet, Patrick Henri, Patrick Michaut, Patrick Niaudet, Patrick Pauly, Patrick Thomas, Patrik Deleaval, Paul Finielz, Paul Stroumza, Paule Hardy Yverneau, Pauline Caillard, Pedro Palacin, Perrine Aubertin, Philippe Attias, Philippe Chauveau, Philippe Coindre, Philippe Coste, Philippe Dubot, Philippe Fournier, Philippe Hiernaux, Philippe Jousset, Philippe Lan Yue Wah, Philippe Lang, Philippe Le Cacheux, Philippe Martin Dupont, Philippe Michel, Philippe Mirgaine, Philippe Moriniere, Philippe Nicoud, Philippe Rieu, Philippe Rousseau, Philippe Sporer, Philippe Thorel, Philippe Vanhille, Philippe Vigeral, Philippe Zaoui, Pierre Bataille, Pierre Brignon, Pierre Filipozzi, Pierre Housset, Pierre Peyronnet, Pierre Ramperez, Pierre Vautrin, Pierre Alexandre Michel, Pierre Francois Westeel, Pierre Louis Carron, Pierre Yves Durand, Pierrot Parent, Piotr Seniuta, François Kuentz, Rabah Fraoui, Rachel Tetaz, Rachid Amaria, Rachid Bourouma, Rachid Djeffal, Rachida Nebbad, Radia Allal, Radu Dimulescu, Rafaat Boustani, Rafik Mesbah, Raifat Makdassi, Raji Diab, Raluca Puslenghea, Raoul Roura, Rateb Khayat, Raymond Azar, Raymond Frayssinet, Regine Monkam, Rehouni Boulahrouz, Remi Boudet, Renato Demontis, Renaud Gansey, Rene Cuvelier, Renee Schmitt, Reschad Noordally, Reynald Binaut, Rezkallah Latif, Richard Dufresne, Richard Montagnac, Richard Reade, Robert Genin, Robert Novo, Rocsana Fickl, Roger Dufresne, Roger Magnol, Roland Issautier, Romain Mortelette, Ronan Delaval, Ronan Lohro, Roseline M'barga, S. Beau, Clémentine Dupuis, Marie Jacques Vidil, Sabria Hacini, Said Dahmoune, Saliha Lekhal, Salima Ahriz Sakso, Salima Saksi, Salvatore Citarda, Samir Boubenider, Samuel Kassis, Sandra Verhille, Sandrine Genestier, Sandrine Muller, Saoussen Krid, Sarah Richter, Sebastien Delbes, Sebastien Mailliez, Sebastien Veillon, Sébastien Nony, Seddick Benarbia, Severine Beaudreuil, Sidi Ali Benyaghla, Simon Duquennoy, Simona Baluta, Simona Boncila, Sonia Mzoughi, Sonia Ribal, Sophie Acamer, Sophie Chauvet, Sophie Girerd, Sophie Ozenne, Sophie Parahy, Sophie Rubens Duval, Sophie Taque, Soraya Menouer, Soumaya Chargui, Stanislas Bataille, Stephane Barbier, Stephane Billion, Stephane Roueff, Stephane Torner, Stephane Jean Martin, Stephanie Coupel, Sylvie Cloarec, Sylvie Lavaud, Sylvie Leou, T. Chatelet, Tania Onesta, Tassadit Benhabib, Tayeb Bensalem, Theodora Dimulescu, Theophile Sawadogo, Thibault Dolley Hitze, Thierry Baranger, Thierry Boudemaghe, Thierry Hannedouche, Thierry Krummel, Thierry Milcent, Thomas Dervaux, Thomas Guincestre, Thomas Kofman, Thomas Raphael, Thomas Sadreux, Tim Ulinski, Tiphaine Guyon Roger, Tomas Serrato, Tomek Kofman, Tony Wong, Toufik Boubia, Ubald Assogba Gbindoun, Usama Khuzaie, Valerie Caudwell, Valerie Chatelet, Valerie Crougneau, Valerie De Precigout, Valerie Drouillat, Valerie Galantine, Valerie Granveau Hugot, Valerie Leroy, Veronique Boubia, Veronique Falque, Veronique Fournier, Veronique Queron, Veronique Viviani, Victor Gueuttin, Victor Panescu, Victorio Menoyo Calonge, Viet Nguyen, Vincent Allot, Vincent Delattre, Vincent Leduc, Vincent Pradier, Violaine Emal Aglae, Viorica Badulescu, Virginia Molina, Virginie Besson, Virginie Chaigne, Waddah Jaber, Wael Boudi, Wael El Haggan, Wen Qin Guillon, Wided Tabbi Aneni, William Hanf, Wladimir Kohn, Xavier Bellenfant, Xavier Moreau Gaudry, Yahsou Delmas, Yannick Knefati, Yannick Saingra, Yannick Tirolien, Youssef Mann, Yvan Brunak, Yves Dimitrov, Yves Doussy, Yves Tanter, Zaid Benabid, Zaara Soltani, Zacharia Boukerroucha, Zafer Takla, Zana Ramanantsialonina, Zara Dickson, Zead Tubail, Zoe Koochaki Pour, Zohra Boukhalfa, Zohra Jacquot, Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), CALYDIAL Vienne, Partenaires INRAE, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital Armand Trousseau [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de néphrologie et transplantation rénale [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Service d'Epidémiologie et Evaluations Cliniques [CHRU Nancy] (Pôle S2R), Centre Universitaire des Maladies Rénales [CHU Caen] (CUMR Caen), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace (GHRMSA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Service de diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Service de Diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Hemodialysis, Home, Disease, MESH: COVID-19 / therapy, registry, Ambulatory Care Facilities, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Prevalence, covid, dialysis, epidemiology, mortality, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Female, France, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Patient Acuity, Protective Factors, Registries, Renal Dialysis, SARS-CoV-2, Sex Factors, Hypoalbuminemia, MESH: France / epidemiology, education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), 3. Good health, MESH: COVID-19 / epidemiology, Nephrology, Hemodialysis, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Lower risk, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Renal Dialysis / statistics & numerical data, education, Dialysis, Vascular disease, business.industry, medicine.disease, Former Smoker, MESH: Critical Care / statistics & numerical data, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Home, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Hemodialysis, Home / statistics & numerical data
Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed., Graphical abstract

Published
2020

2. Author response for 'Effect of Adding Vildagliptin to Insulin in Hemodialyzed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Multicentric Prospective Study—The VILDDIAL Study'

Author

Bruno Guerci, Agnès Smagala, Laurent Meyer, Sophie Borot, F. Dorey, Patrice Winiszewski, Nicolas Meyer, Thierry Hannedouche, Laurence Kessler, Dominique Fleury, O. Verier-Mine, Farideh Alenabi, Didier Ducloux, François Chantrel, Kristian Kunz, Philippe Baltzinger, Joëlle Cridlig, Marion Munch, and Alexandre Klein

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Vildagliptin, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Prospective cohort study, business, medicine.drug
Published
2020

3. Effect of adding vildagliptin to insulin in haemodialysed patients with type 2 diabetes: The VILDDIAL study, a randomized, multicentre, prospective study

Author

O. Verier-Mine, Thierry Hannedouche, Bruno Guerci, Patrice Winiszewski, Kristian Kunz, Farideh Alenabi, Alexandre Klein, Nicolas Meyer, Philippe Baltzinger, François Chantrel, Samy Hadjadj, Didier Ducloux, Laurent Meyer, Joëlle Cridlig, Marion Munch, F. Dorey, Laurence Kessler, Dominique Fleury, Sophie Borot, and Agnès Smagala

Subjects
Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Pyrrolidines, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Adamantane, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Glycated albumin, Renal Dialysis, Internal medicine, Nitriles, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Vildagliptin, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Adverse effect, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, Continuous glucose monitoring, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Significant difference, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

AIM To evaluate the effect of adding the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin to insulin on the glycaemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing haemodialysis. METHODS Overall, 65 insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing haemodialysis (HbA1c: 7.3% ± 1.1%; age: 70.5 ± 8.5 years) were randomized (1:1) either to receive vildagliptin 50 mg/day in addition to insulin (vildagliptin-insulin group) or to pursue their usual insulin regimen (insulin-only group). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed for 48 ± 6 hours at baseline and at week 12. The primary study endpoint was change from baseline in mean interstitial glucose using CGM. The secondary endpoints included other CGM variables and glucose control markers. RESULTS After 12 weeks, a greater reduction in mean CGM glucose from baseline was observed in the vildagliptin-insulin group compared with the insulin-only group, although the between-treatment difference was not statistically significant (mean difference [CI 95%]: -0.96 mmol/L [-2.09; 0.18] vs. -0.29 mmol/L [-1.29; 0.76], P = 0.32). However, a significant decrease from baseline in HbA1c, glycated albumin and insulin daily doses was observed in the vildagliptin-insulin group versus the insulin-only group (-0.6% [-1.19; -0.1], P

Published
2019

4. Randomized, Multicentric, Prospective Study Assessing the Effect of Adding VILDagliptin to Insulin in Hemodialysed Type 2 Diabetic Patients—The VILDDIAL Study

Author

Patrice Winiszewski, Nicolas Meyer, Kristian Kunz, François Chantrel, Farideh Alenabi, Dominique I. Fleury, Sophie Borot, Didier Ducloux, Agnès Smagala, Laurent Meyer, Joelle Cridlig, Thierry Hannedouche, Odile Verier, Philippe Baltzinger, Laurence Kessler, Marion Munch, and Bruno Guerci

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Hypoglycemia, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Chronic dialysis, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Vildagliptin, business, Prospective cohort study, medicine.drug, Glycemic
Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetic patients (T2D) undergoing chronic dialysis are at very high cardiovascular risk, requiring optimization of insulin treatment. Vildagliptin (Galvus), can be used in severe and terminal renal impairment (eGFR The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin (50 mg/d) on top of insulin in hemodialysed T2D. Methods: Sixty-five patients treated with multiple daily insulin injections were randomized (group 1-G1, n=33-usual insulin regimen, group 2-G2, n=32-addition of vildagliptin) in a multicentric, prospective, controlled, open-label, 12 weeks- study. Glucose control was evaluated using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM, I-Pro Medtronic) for 48h, at Week 1 (W1) and Week 12 (W12), HbA1c and daily insulin needs. Statistical analysis was performed in intention to treat. Results: Both groups were comparable (G1 vs. G2) for age (71.3 ± 7.4 vs. 69.7 ± 9.6 years), BMI (32.1 ± 6 vs. 34.5 ± 6.4 kg/m²), daily doses of insulin (47.7 ± 29.2 vs. 51.3 ± 25.4 IU), HbA1c (7.3 ± 1.1 vs. 7.3 ± 1.1%), and mean glucose at W1 (using CGM, 167.6 ± 58.3 vs. 149.4 ± 76.1 mg/dl). At W12 compared to W1, mean glucose decreased significantly only in G2 (149.4 to 136.9 mg/dl, p 180 mg/dl was lower (21.27 vs. 39.03%, p Conclusion: Adding vildagliptin (50 mg/d) to insulin in hemodialysed T2D improves glycemic control by increasing time spent in normoglycemia and reducing time in hyperglycemia, without increasing time in hypoglycemia. Disclosure M. Munch: None. A. Smagala: None. L. Meyer: None. N. Meyer: None. O. Verier: None. D.I. Fleury: None. B. Guerci: None. T. Hannedouche: None. J. Cridlig: None. P. Baltzinger: None. D. Ducloux: None. S. Borot: Consultant; Self; Abbott, Animas Corporation, Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute, LLC., Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions. K.W. Kunz: None. F. Alenabi: None. P. Winiszewski: Other Relationship; Self; Abbott, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi. F. Chantrel: None. L. Kessler: None.

Published
2018

5. Treatment tolerance and patient-reported outcomes favor online hemodiafiltration compared to high-flux hemodialysis in the elderly

Author

Marion Morena, Audrey Jaussent, Lotfi Chalabi, Hélène Leray-Moragues, Leila Chenine, Alain Debure, Damien Thibaudin, Lynda Azzouz, Laure Patrier, Francois Maurice, Philippe Nicoud, Claude Durand, Bruno Seigneuric, Anne-Marie Dupuy, Marie-Christine Picot, Jean-Paul Cristol, Bernard Canaud, Aida Afiani, Didier Aguilera, Yamina Azymah, Francois Babinet, Claire Belloc, Jean- Christophe Bendini, Christian Broyet, Philippe Brunet, Marie-Hélène Chabannier, Leïla Chenine, Sylvie Chiron, Jean-Philippe Coindre, Angélique Colin, François Combarnous, Stéphanie Coupel, Alain Cremault, Irima Dancea, Catherine Delcroix, Pascale Depraetre, Assia Djema, Francis Ducret, Ibrahim Farah, Dominique Fleury, Abdallah Guerraoui, Marie-Paule Guillodo, Atman Haddj-Elmrabet, Maxime Hoffmann, Richard Ibos, Mohamed Shariful Islam, Dominique Jaubert, Josiane Joule, Véronique Joyeux, Kristian Kunz, Mélodie Lagarrigue, Achour Laradi, Frédéric Lavainne, Dominique Le Grignou, Gaétan Lebrun, Anne Lefebvre, Jean-Jacques Lefevre, Gaëlle Lefrancois, Vincent Lemaitre, Mehadji Maaz, Eric Magnant, François Maurice, Hesham Mohey, Michel Normand, Hilaire Nzeyimana, Messaoud Ouziala, Sophie Parahy, Franck Perrin, Philippe Pointet, Jacky Potier, Olivier Puyoo, Isabelle Rey, Jean-Pierre Rivory, Fabienne Rouleau, Marie-Odile Serveaux, Danièle Simonin, Angelo Testa, Cécile Turc-Baron, Carlos Vela, Sandor Vido, Laurence Vrigneaud, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Etienne, Service de Néphrologie - Immunologie Clinique [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-PRES Université de Toulouse, Département de biochimie [Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Lapeyronie, Université de Montpellier (UM), Herrada, Anthony, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-PRES Université de Toulouse

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Kidney, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Quality of life, law, Risk of mortality, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, Age Factors, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, Nephrology, Female, Kidney Diseases, France, Hemodialysis, medicine.symptom, safety, medicine.medical_specialty, Metabolic bone disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Renal Dialysis, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, hemodiafiltration, intradialytic tolerance, business.industry, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, mortality, cardiovascular risk biomarkers, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Quality of Life, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, chronic kidney disease, Muscle cramp
Abstract

Large cohort studies suggest that high convective volumes associated with online hemodiafiltration may reduce the risk of mortality/morbidity compared to optimal high-flux hemodialysis. By contrast, intradialytic tolerance is not well studied. The aim of the FRENCHIE (French Convective versus Hemodialysis in Elderly) study was to compare high-flux hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration in terms of intradialytic tolerance. In this prospective, open-label randomized controlled trial, 381 elderly chronic hemodialysis patients (over age 65) were randomly assigned in a one-to-one ratio to either high-flux hemodialysis or online hemodiafiltration. The primary outcome was intradialytic tolerance (day 30-day 120). Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life, cardiovascular risk biomarkers, morbidity, and mortality. During the observational period for intradialytic tolerance, 85% and 84% of patients in high-flux hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration arms, respectively, experienced at least one adverse event without significant difference between groups. As exploratory analysis, intradialytic tolerance was also studied, considering the sessions as a statistical unit according to treatment actually received. Over a total of 11,981 sessions, 2,935 were complicated by the occurrence of at least one adverse event, with a significantly lower occurrence in online hemodiafiltration with fewer episodes of intradialytic symptomatic hypotension and muscle cramps. By contrast, health-related quality of life, morbidity, and mortality were not different in both groups. An improvement in the control of metabolic bone disease biomarkers and β2-microglobulin level without change in serum albumin concentration was observed with online hemodiafiltration. Thus, overall outcomes favor online hemodiafiltration over high-flux hemodialysis in the elderly.

Published
2017

6. Association of menopause and hormone replacement therapy with large artery remodeling

Author

Pierre Boutouyrie, Patrice Jaillon, Kristian Kunz, S. Christin-Maitre, Faied Zannad, Robinson Joannides, Anna Kearny-Schwartz, Anne Gompel, Stéphane Laurent, Jean-Marc Boivin, I. Pithois-Merli, Bruno Pannier, Harry A.J. Struijker-Boudier, Tabassome Simon, Bernard Pornel, Christian Thuillez, Luc M. Van Bortel, Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, and RS: CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases

Subjects
Tunica media, medicine.medical_specialty, Carotid Artery, Common, medicine.medical_treatment, pulse wave velocity, Blood Pressure, CCA-IMT, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Vascular Stiffness, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, age at menopause, medicine, Humans, Common carotid artery, Pulse wave velocity, Anatomy, Cross-Sectional, business.industry, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hormone replacement therapy (menopause), Arteries, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pulse pressure, Surgery, Menopause, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, Carotid Arteries, Reproductive Medicine, Cardiology, Female, Hormone therapy, carotid diameter, business, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, central pulse pressure
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the remodeling of large arteries according to age at menopause, duration of menopause, and use of hormone therapy (HT). Design: A cross-sectional study consisting of baseline measurements of a multicentric randomized trial were used to evaluate arterial parameters. Setting: The study was conducted in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands in academic hospitals and private clinics. Patient(s): Postmenopausal women (n = 538) with mild hypercholesterolemia. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), central pulse pressure, and aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) were measured and centrally controlled for quality. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the possible covariates associated with arterial parameters. Result(s): Women were 58 +/- 6 (mean +/- SD) years of age with an age of 50 +/- 5 at menopause and a mean duration of menopause of 8 +/- 7 years. Lower age at menopause, time since menopause, and absence of HT use were independently associated with worsening of the arterial parameters. After multivariate analysis, HT was associated with a lower CCA-IMT (-40 mu m [range -64 to -1]), whereas lower age at menopause and menopause duration were respectively associated with a CCA-IMT increase (25 mu m/5 y and 27 mm/5 y). Similarly, values of central pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity were lower in HT users (-3.1 mm Hg [-5.1 to -0.9] and -0.31 m/s [-0.63 to -0.02], respectively) but worsened with age at menopause and menopause duration. Conclusion(s): The age at menopause, the time since menopause, and the use of HT are independently associated with the thickening and stiffening of the large arteries. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT00163163. (Fertil Steril (R) 2011; 96: 1445-50.

Published
2011

7. SaO007EFFECT OF ADDING VILDAGLIPTIN TO INSULIN THERAPY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC DIALYSIS PATIENTS : THE VILDDIAL STUDY A RANDOMIZED MULTICENTRIC PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Author

Kristian Kunz, Odile Verier, Alexandre Klein, Sophie Borot, François Chantrel, Didier Ducloux, Laurence Kessler, Agnès Smagala, Patrice Winiszewski, Aicha Sissoko, Nicolas Meyer, Farideh Alenabi, Dominique Fleury, Laurent Meyer, Bruno Guerci, Philippe Baltzinger, Thierry Hannedouche, Joëlle Cridlig, and Marion Munch

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Dialysis patients, Nephrology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Medicine, Vildagliptin, Hemodialysis, business, Prospective cohort study, medicine.drug
Published
2018

8. Obésité et hémodialyse : le paradoxe

Author

Kristian Kunz and Thierry Hannedouche

Subjects
Nephrology
Abstract

Resume Le surpoids, ainsi que l’obesite sont devenus des phenomenes de masse avec une prevalence en hausse dans la plupart des pays a travers le monde et sont associes a un risque accru de maladies cardio-vasculaires et de mortalite. L’exces de poids est habituellement relie directement a un exces de risque de morbimortalite dans la population generale. Chez des patients en insuffisance renale chronique (IRC) traites par hemodialyse un paradoxe a ete rapporte montrant au contraire qu’un index de masse corporelle (IMC) eleve etait associe a une meilleure survie et inversement. Cette relation paradoxale encore appelee parfois « epidemiologie inverse » s’avere relativement constante en hemodialyse chronique, dans une moindre mesure en dialyse peritoneale. Cette epidemiologie paradoxale est retrouvee chez les patients dialyses pour d’autres facteurs de risque comme l’hypertension arterielle ou l’hypercholesterolemie. Ce phenomene est egalement observe dans d’autres populations de maladies chroniques graves suggerant, entre autres, des biais de selection, un effet survivant ou un benefice reel de l’obesite en cas de survenue secondaire d’une maladie chronique grave. Les causes et mecanismes possibles de cette epidemiologie inverse sont revus dans cet article.

Published
2009

9. Multiphasic effects of blood pressure on survival in hemodialysis patients

Author

Thierry Hannedouche, Hubert Roth, Thierry Krummel, Gérard M. London, Guillaume Jean, Jean-Louis Bouchet, Tilman B. Drüeke, Denis Fouque, Lahcene Attroun, Raymond Azar, Pierre Bories, Agnès Caillette-Beaudouin, Bernard Canaud, Gabriel Choukroun, Vincent Esnault, Mohamed Hammadi, Patrick Henri, Philippe Honoré, Belkacem Issad, Dominique Joly, Eric Laruelle, Gildas Le Mao, Sylvain Marchais, Benoît Vendrely, Philippe Zaoui, Larbi Aazib, Abdelhamid Abbassi, Elias Abdullah, Habib Abou-Bekr, Carine Achard-Hottelart, Geneviève Achin, Salima Ahriz-Saksi, Mahen Albadawy, Catherine Albert, Samir Albitar, Farideh Alenabi, Mahmoud Allouache, Amar Amaouche, Brahim Amara, Mounia Ammor, Kim Seng Ang, Ubald Assogba, Lynda Azzouz, Chérif Badid, Juliette Baleynaud, Evelyne Bargas, Emmanuel Baron, François Basse, Jean-Marie Batho, Marc Bauwens, Dorothée Bazin, Abdelmajid Ben Aicha, Seddik Benarbia, Larbi Bencheikh, Jean-Christophe Bendini, Djeleddine Benyakoub, Dominique Bergua, Catherine Bessin, Luc Billaux, Stéphane Billion, Haïat Bittar, Jean-Paul Bocquet, Hervé Bonarek, Claude Bonniol, Jean-Sébastien Borde, Samir Boubenider, Rémi Boudet, Waël Boudi, Loreley Boudier, Djema Bouguern, M Boukelmoune, Fatha Zohra Boukhalfa, Henri Boulanger, Philippe Bouvier, Mouloud Bouzernidj, Mohamed Brahim Bounab, José Brasseur, Laura Braun, Marie Briet, Doan Bui-Quang, Sebastien Canet, Eric Canivet, Jorge Cardozo, Carlos Cardozo, Baher Chaghouri, Mokhtar Chawki, Charles Chazot, Philippe Choulet, Pierre Clavel, Jean-Philippe Coindre, Olivier Coldefy, M.A. Colomina, François Combarnous, Christian Dabot, Djamal Dahmane, Ahmed Dahmani, Daniel Daubresse, Jean-François De Fremont, Valérie De Precigout, Françoise Dehais, M. Dehina, Caroline Delclaux, Yashou Delmas, Coralia Denicola, Jean-Philippe Devaux, Raji Diab, Zineddine Diddaoui, null Didelot, Yves Dimitrov, Assia Djema, Patrick Donnadieu, Valérie Drouillat, Olivier Drouineau, Geneviève Dumont, Philippe Dupuy, Pierre-Yves Durand, Stéphane Edet, Hamid El Ali, Khuzama El Nasser, Christian Emond, Baya Fadel, Mohamed Fakir, Jean-Paul Faucon, André Faure, Assia Ferhat-Carre, Hafedh Fessi, Rocsana Fickl, Mahammed Fodil-Cherif, Jacques Fourcade, Philippe Fournier, Rabah Fraoui, Olivier Fritz, Elke Gaboriau, Alexandre Ganea, Roula Galland, Jacqes Gaultier, Eric Gauthier, Sylvie Geffroy Guiberteau, Sandrine Genestier, Patrick Giraud, Françoise Glowacki, Christophe Goupy, Pierre Grimal, Mounir Guergour, Jean Gugliotta, Marie-Paule Guillodo, Marie-Claude Guimont, Toufic Hachache, Sabria Hacini, Imad Haddad, Mohamed Hadj-Abdelkader, Pascale Halin, Patrick Hallonet, Nasser Hamdini, Didier Hamel, Françoise Heibel, Alain Hermelin, Alim Heyani, Philippe Hiernaux, Maxime Hoffmann, Valérie Hugot, Richard Ibos, Dominque Jacq, Jean-Paul Jaulin, Philippe Jousset, Benoît Jonon, Véronique Joyeux, Laurent Juillard, Amer Kamal, Mimi Kareche Chibout, Rateb Khayat, Franklin Khazine, Karim Khellaf, Arnaud Klisnick, Yannick Knefati, A. Kolko-Labadens, Amir Kolta, Niloufar Kossari, Olivier Kourilsky, Nicolas Krayem, Marc Kribs, François Kuentz, Kristian Kunz, Christian Lamotte, Jean-Marc Lanau, Isabelle Landru, Achour Laradi, Nicole Larroumet, Olivier Lavelle, Frank Le Roy, Alejandra Lenz, Denis Lerda, Fanny Leroy, Marc Leteif, Martial Levannier, Thierry Lobbedez, Hassan Lockmane, Nathalie Longlune, Christie Lorriaux Mortuaire, Alain Lyon, Ghassan Maakaroun, Mehadji Maaz, Eric Magnant, Ghandour Majdalani, Jean-Luc Mahe, Edward Maksour, Stéphane Martin, Catherine Martinat-Calvo, Valérie Masson, Delia May, Claire Maynard, Brice Mayor, Omar Mazouz, Hocine Mehama, Dominique Mercier, Gilles Messier, Robert Milongo, Nicole Monnier, Karine Moreau, Xavier Moreau-Gaudry, Bertrand Morel, Luc Moulonguet Doleris, Alexandre Mouneimne, Catherine Mourey-Epron, Françoise Moussion, Blanca Muniz, J. Mustel, Rachida Nebbad, Fazia Nemmar, Sylvie Neuville, Tien Nguyen-Quang, Patrice Nolen, Michel Normand, Emerson N’Sembani, Jacques Ollier, Jean-Paul Ortiz, Messaoud Ouziala, Bernard Painchart, Pedro Palacin, Josette Pengloan, Franck Perrin, Bruno Perrone, Philippe Petitjean, Dominique Petregne, Jean-Baptiste Philit, Vincent Planquois, Marc Pocheville, Jacky Potier, Jean-Michel Poux, Olivier Puyoo, Catherine Quere-Maurouard, Ahmed Rachi, Anderson Ratsimbazafy, Matthieu Reberolle, Henri Renaud, Bernard Richalet, Sarah Richter, Philippe Rieu, Michel Rince, Odile Rivault, Alain Robert, Jacques Rottembourg, Philippe Rousseau, Sophie Rubens Duval, Christa Roubicek, Piotr Seniuta, Pascal Seris, Irina Shahapuni, Reda Sharobeem, Milad Shenouda, Hélène Sichez Com, Danlèle Simonin, Nadia Soltani, Marc Souid, Hadia Sow, Jean-Christophe Szelag, Catherine Taddei, Zafer Takla, Dominque Teboulle, Jean-Claude Terrat, Patrick Thomas, Adam Tifoura, Jacques Toulon, Dominique Touzard, Pablo Urena Torres, Hans Van der Pijl, Thierry Vanel, Carlos Vela, Isabelle Vernier, Cathy Verove, François Pascal Wambergue, Bassem Wehbe, Maeva Wong-Fat, Fatima Yazbeck, Djamal Yousfi, Maan Youssef, Abdelaziz Ziane, Service de néphrologie et hémodialyse [CHU de Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Grenoble, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre Hospitalier Manhès, Centre de Rein Artificiel, Centre de traitement des maladies rénales, CTMR Saint-Augustin, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Européen de Nutrition pour la Santé, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH-RH), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-CHU Saint-Etienne-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Systole, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, 030232 urology & nephrology, Diastole, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Prehypertension, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, cardiovascular disease, Renal Dialysis, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, hemodialysis, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Blood Pressure Determination, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Pulse pressure, Blood pressure, Nephrology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Aortic pressure, Cardiology, Female, Hemodialysis, France, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; Dialysis patients exhibit an inverse, L- or U-shaped association between blood pressure and mortality risk, in contrast to the linear association in the general population. We prospectively studied 9333 hemodialysis patients in France, aiming to analyze associations between predialysis systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and nonfatal cardiovascular endpoints for a median follow-up of 548 days. Blood pressure components were tested against outcomes in time-varying covariate linear and fractional polynomial Cox models. Changes throughout follow-up were analyzed with a joint model including both the time-varying covariate of sequential blood pressure and its slope over time. A U-shaped association of systolic blood pressure was found with all-cause mortality and of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with cardiovascular mortality. There was an L-shaped association of diastolic blood pressure with all-cause mortality. The lowest hazard ratio of all-cause mortality was observed for a systolic blood pressure of 165 mm Hg, and of cardiovascular mortality for systolic/diastolic pressures of 157/90 mm Hg, substantially higher than currently recommended values for the general population. The 95% lower confidence interval was approximately 135/70 mm Hg. We found no significant correlation for either systolic, diastolic, or pulse pressure with myocardial infarction or nontraumatic amputations, but there were significant positive associations between systolic and pulse pressure with stroke (per 10-mm Hg increase: hazard ratios 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.07 and 1.23; and 1.20, 1.11 and 1.31, respectively). Thus, whereas high pre-dialysis blood pressure is associated with stroke risk, low pre-dialysis blood pressure may be both harmful and a proxy for comorbid conditions leading to premature death.

Published
2015

10. [Obesity in haemodialysis: the paradox]

Author

Kristian, Kunz and Thierry, Hannedouche

Subjects
Renal Dialysis, Humans, Obesity
Abstract

Overweight, as well as obesity have become mass phenomena with an ever increasing prevalence in most countries all over the world, and are associated with a greater cardiovascular risk and mortality. Weight excess is usually directly related to an additional risk of morbidity and mortality in the general population. In contrast, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESDR) under haemodialysis a paradox has been reported, showing that an increased body mass index (BMI) was associated with better survival, and vice versa. This paradox relationship, sometimes referred to as "reverse epidemiology" proved to be relatively constant in chronic haemodialysis and to a lesser extent in peritoneal dialysis. Reverse epidemiology is also found in haemodialysis patients for other risk factors, such hypertension, or hypercholesterolaemia. And, likewise, this phenomenon is also observed in other populations of heavy chronic disease suggesting a potential selection bias, such as a real survival benefit for obesity in case of the presence of another heavy chronic disease. The possible causes and mechanisms of reverse epidemiology are reviewed in this article.

Published
2009

11. Cardiovascular morbidity and endothelial dysfunction in chronic haemodialysis patients: is homocyst(e)ine the missing link?

Author

Christian Koehl, Jean-Pierre Cazenave, Kristian Kunz, Marie-Louise Wiesel, Thierry Hannedouche, P. Petitjean, Bruno Moulin, Frances Chantrel, and Mohamed Lisri

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Nutritional Status, Fibrinogen, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, Folic Acid, Von Willebrand factor, Renal Dialysis, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Endothelial dysfunction, Risk factor, Homocysteine, Aged, Transplantation, Hemostasis, biology, Homocystine, business.industry, Vascular disease, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Cardiovascular Diseases, biology.protein, Hematinics, Female, Hemodialysis, Endothelium, Vascular, Morbidity, business, Biomarkers, medicine.drug, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background. Haemodialysis patients exhibit an excessive burden of atherothrombotic disease, which is not explained adequately by traditional risk factors. Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia, a consistent finding in uraemic patients, is now widely recognized as an independent risk factor for vascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia is associated with cardiovascular complications in dialysed patients. Methods. In a cohort of 63 stable chronic haemodialysis patients, we examined the causal relationship between hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia and vascular endothelial and haemostatic function. All their markers were determined before and after an 8-week course of a 10 mg per day oral folate supplementation, a manoeuvre known to decrease hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia in uraemic patients. Results. History of at least one cardiovascular atherothrombotic event was present in 47.6% of the haemodialysed patients, and radiographic evidence of vascular calcifications in 70%. Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia was found in all patients, averaging 3.5-fold the upper limit of normal values (P

Published
1999

12. Abysmal prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes entering dialysis

Author

Bruno Moulin, Thierry Hannedouche, François Chantrel, Kolb I, Bouiller M, Kristian Kunz, I Enache, and P. Petitjean

Subjects
Nephrology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Renal function, Blood Pressure, Type 2 diabetes, Nephropathy, Renal Dialysis, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Diabetic Nephropathies, Intensive care medicine, Dialysis, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, business.industry, Acute Kidney Injury, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female, Hemodialysis, business, Diabetic Angiopathies, Kidney disease, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Introduction. The importance of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes) as a leading cause of end-stage renal disease is now widely recognized. The purpose of this study was to assess life-prognosis and its predictors in a cohort of patients newly entering dialysis. Material and methods. Eighty-four consecutive type II diabetes patients (40% of all patients) starting dialysis between 01/01/95 and 31/12/96 were studied retrospectively, focusing on clinical data at inception and life-prognosis after a mean follow-up of 211 days. Patients were divided into three groups, according to onset of renal failure: acute 11% (9/84), chronic 61% (51/84) and acutely aggravated chronic renal failure 28% (25/84). Results. Patients (mean age 67 years) had longstanding diabetes (mean duration ∼15 years), heavy proteinuria (∼3g/24h) and diabetic retinopathy (67%). The average creatinine clearance (Cockcroft's formula) was 13 ml/min. Cardiovascular diseases were highly prevalent at the start of dialysis: history of myocardial infarction (26%), angina (36%) and acute left ventricular dysfunction (67%). More than 80% of the patients underwent the first session dialysis under emergency conditions, a situation in part related to late referral to the nephrology division (63% for chronic patients). A great majority of the patients were overhydrated when starting dialysis, as evidenced by the average weight loss of 6 kg, during the first month of dialysis, required to reach dry weight. Nearly 64% of the patients presented high blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) when starting dialysis despite antihypertensive therapy (mean: 2.3 drugs). The outcome of this type II diabetes population was dramatic: 32% (27/84) died after a mean follow-up of 211 days, mostly from cardiovascular diseases. The rate of recovery of renal function was low in both the acute and the acutely aggravated renal failure group (30% and 24%, respectively). Of note, iatrogenic nephrotoxic agents accounted for renal function impairment in nearly 30% of patients. Conclusion. Our observational study illustrates the high burden of cardiovascular diseases contrasting with sub-optimal cardiovascular therapeutic interventions in type II diabetes patients entering dialysis. Factors aggravating renal failure were mainly iatrogenic, and therefore largely avoidable. Late referral generally implied a poor clinical condition at the start of dialysis.

Published
1999

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