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Given that G is a finite, connected, and undirected graph. Let the vertex set and edge set be denoted as V (G) and E(G), respectively. If every vertex in graph G is either in D or adjacent to a vertex in D, then subset D of V (G) is an efficient dominating set of graph G. If any vertex in G can be uniquely identified from every other vertex in an ordered set W through its distinct representation, then subset W of V (G) is a resolving set of G. Let (W = w1, w2, w3, ..., wk) be a subset of V (G). Assuming that G represents the resolving efficient dominating set, and γre(G) represents its minimum cardinality. The resolving efficient domination number of graphs is what we refer to as γre(G). In this study, we obtained γre(G) for the Dutch Windmill graph Wn,m, groundfield graph Gdn and the Greenfield graph G fn. Furthermore, to see the application of resolving efficient dominating set, at the end of this paper will illustrate the implementation of it on graph neural network (GNN)multi-step time series forecasting on the forecasting of natrium, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) nutrients and water pH in hydroponic plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V, E) be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A proper k − vertex coloring of a graph G = (V, E) is a partition P = {V1,V2, ...Vk} of V into independent set. The graph G is b-coloring if there is a vertex in each color class, which is adjacent to at least one vertex in every other color class. The b-chromatic number of graph G, denoted by ϕ(G), is the largest integer k such that there is a b-coloring with k colors. In this paper, we will study b−coloring of pencil graph Pcn, diamond snake graph Dsn and triangular ladder graph Tln. Furthermore, to see the robust application of b-coloring, at the end of this paper we will illustrate the implementation of it on analyzing the multi-step time series forecasting on soil moisture, temperature and pH of companion farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a simple graph for a bijective function f : V (G) → {1, 2, 3, ...,V (G)}. The result weight for an edge uv ∈ E(G) from f is wf(uv) = f (u) + f (v). A path P of graph G whose vertices are labeled is said to be a rainbow path, if for every two edges uv, u′v′ ∈ E(P), there is wf(uv) ≠ wf(u′v′). If for every two vertices u and v of G there is a rainbow path u − v, then f is called the rainbow antimagic coloring of graph G. When we assign each edge uv with the color of the edge weight wf(uv), thus we say the graph G admits a rainbow antimagic coloring. The rainbow antimagic connection number of G, denoted by rac(G), is the smallest number of colors taken over all rainbow colorings induced by rainbow antimagic labellings of G. In this study, we use the rainbow antimagic connection number of specific families of graphs and use the analytical and experimental methods with graph neural networks technique. Furthermore, to see the robust application of rainbow antimagic coloring, at the end of this paper we will illustrate the implementation of it on analyzing the multi-step times series forecasting for electronic traffic law enforcement. This research is consistent with previous research on the use of rainbow antimagic coloring and also the use of the graph neural network technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of blood vessels caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of blood vessels. These plaques are formed from deposits of substances such as fat, calcium and cholesterol. The effect of plaque buildup in blood vessels is to disrupt of the circulatory system, thus affecting the pressure and speed of blood flow. Long-term atherosclerosis can lead to peripheral arterial disease because blood flow in the limbs is disrupted. This study aims to analyze blood flow in narrowed arterial vessels that cause peripheral arterial disease. Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to solve the problem by determining the effect of pressure and velocity on the narrowing of blood vessels. Simulations were conducted to determine the effect of pressure and velocity on stenosis. In this study, a mathematical model was created that was solved using the finite volume method with SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) discretization. The software used for the simulation process is MATLAB to visualize the velocity and pressure graphs, while Fluent to visualize the blood flow. K-means clustering is used to see the color distribution in the simulation results. The results of MATLAB and FLUENT simulations show that the graph shows the highest velocity obtained from blood vessels that have 60% stenosis thickness with velocities in FLUENT and MATLAB of 0.71 m/s and 0.65386 m/s, respectively. Then in the simulation graph, the lowest velocity is obtained from the blood vessels that have the smallest stenosis thickness of 20% with velocities of 0.38 m/s and 0.510783604 m/s. Then the most risky stenosis for blood vessel rupture is 60% stenosis thickness because the velocity has exceeded 0.6 m/s. Meanwhile, the effect of stenosis thickness on pressure shows a significant decrease in pressure experienced by 60% stenosis thickness in FLUENT and MATLAB, namely 10,860 Pa and 11,950 Pa. Then the smallest pressure drop occurs at 20% stenosis thickness which is 11,100 Pa and 12,040 Pa. The simulation results show that if the stenosis is greater the blood velocity is higher. Meanwhile, if the stenosis is greater the blood pressure is smaller. Based on the results of the research, the analysis of velocity and pressure in narrowing blood vessels due to peripheral arterial disease with SIMPLE discretization needs to be further developed by taking into account other influential factors and the completion of discretization can be developed with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phatic expression or phatic category is an aspect of speech that is functionally contained in oral speech which is used to initiate, maintain, and strengthen the conversation. In learning, phatic speech can be observed in the speech of teachers and students. This is very closely related to improving the psychological atmosphere in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to describe, test, and analyze the effect of the phatic category on learning motivation based on competence motivation, namely the willingness to work hard, enthusiasm for involving students in communication, and the spirit of independent learning. This research was conducted by testing the hypothesis that there was a significant effect of the phatic category in the lecturer's speech on student learning motivation. The data were analyzed by t-test technique in the class with high phatic expression and low phatic expression, witthe number of each class 35 students. Data collection was applied with a questionnaire to determine the implications of lecturer phatic expressions on student motivation. Each function in the phatic expression consists of 2 questions with a scale of 1: less, 2: enough, and 3: good. In addition, there is a search for phatic expressions functions by measuring the percentage of each function. The results of the normality test of learning motivation data in the high and low phatic expressions groups showed that the results were not normally distributed, with a significance of 0.000 and 0.010. Thus, the statistical test of the t-test hypothesis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test technique. From the analysis of the Mann Whitney test, it was found that the difference in the level of learning motivation between the high class and low class phatic was significant (0.037< 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of lecturer phatic expressions on student learning motivation. Meanwhile, from the percentage test of the phatic function, the data obtained that the desired type of phatic speech is the phatic utterance of sustaining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the COVID-19 pandemic conditions, non-contact physical examinations are urgently needed, this is because many people are exposed to COVID-19 through direct physical contact, including when doctors or nurses check the patient's body health condition. One of the first steps in examining physical conditions to detect whether a person is suspected of being exposed to COVID-19 or not is through measuring body temperature. Currently, body temperature checks are mostly carried out through the use of non-contact thermometers by measuring the temperature at one point of the object with a maximum distance of about 5 centimeters, making it susceptible to infection if used on people exposed to viruses or infectious diseases. Therefore, the AMG8833 thermal sensor is expected to be used as a solution because based on product specifications, the AMG8833 can be used up to a maximum distance of 7 meters with 64 measuring points with an 8 x 8 array pattern. The thermal camera has been successfully built using the AMG8833 thermal sensor, Arduino UNO Microcontroller, and a 2.4-inch TFT LCD touch screen. Based on the test results, the maximum effective distance of the AMG8833 thermal sensor to the object being measured is about 50 centimeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants have worldwide applications in the treatment of different types of human diseases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the concentration of selected essential and non-essential metals; Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb in traditional medicinal plants (Artemisia afra (ariti), Hagenia abyssinica (kosso enchet), Foeniculum vulgare (Ensilal), Echinops kebericho (qeberecho)) grown in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. A wet digestion procedure involving the use of mixtures of (69-72%) HNO3 and (70%) HclO4 at an optimum temperature and time duration were used to isolate metals from the medicinal plants by using FAAS.Based on the results, the concentration of Ca ranged from 1.75 mg/kg to 4.98 mg/kg, the concentration of Mg ranged from 1.35 mg/kg to 2.22 mg/kg, the concentration of Na raged from 1.29 mg/kg to1.80mg/kg, Mn ranged from 0.09 mg/kg to 1.21 mg/kg and that of Fe lied in range of 0.23 mg/kg to 0.78 mg/kg in the plants studied. Among the toxic heavy metals, the concentration of Pb was in the least range (0.08 mg/kg to 0.11 mg/kg) and the levels of remaining trace metals were in the ranges of 0.54-0.97 mg/kg, 0.25-0.29 mg/kg and 0.20-0.33 in.Zn, Cd and Cu respectively. None of the studied samples were found to contain Cadmium, Copper and Nickel concentrations in above WHO/FAO limits for safe human consumption (25, 40 and 5 mg/kg respectively) Further studies should be continued on the screening of phytochemical activities of the plants under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PKBM program answers the reality of difficulties that often arise in non-formal institutions, especially the challenges of institutional operations during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to preliminary research, institutional operational costs, as well as other factors, are often mentioned by PKBM administrators, then the government's concern for the world of non-formal education and the delay in learning programs during this pandemic. This study is based on an analysis of community needs. This study aims to describe the PKBM program planning in the management of community education programs. The researcher uses descriptive research with qualitative methods to present data and information, meaning that it describes the breadth of data and information based on the study design and research objectives, namely how to plan a needs-based training program, namely there are several stages, namely the needs analysis stage, planning the training design then establish the objectives and benefits of the training program, and evaluate the training program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the governance of Community Learning Centers (CLC) in 2 countries, namely the Shimin Center in Japan and CLC (PKBM) in Indonesia. This study explores governance that includes program implementation in managerial aspects, namely the planning, implementation and evaluation functions carried out by Community Learning Centers in Indonesia and Japan. The theory underlying this research is the concept of lifelong education, the concept of community-based education and the concept of community education. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data collection technique used in this research is through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), interview, observation, literature study and documentation study. The research subjects were 6 people, where 3 people from Shimin Center and 3 people from PKBM. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the community learning center program both in Japan and in Indonesia in terms of aspects; a) program planning is always based on needs, formulation of objectives, program design, recruitment of facilitators and socialization and always refers to government policies; b) Implementation of programs developed by PKBM in Indonesia through a) Program Inputs (raw input, instrumental input, environmental input, process, output, other input and impact). As for the Shimin Center institution in Japan, it adheres to 3 main characteristics, namely the information center, a center for participation and self-actualization and is open to all ages and circles and is a place that guarantees freedom and equal rights, free services, has autonomy as a learning and cultural institution, has staff, is affordable (accessibility), adequate facilities and community participation; c) Evaluation of programs carried out by the Shimin Center in Japan and PKBM in Indonesia is carried out through evaluation of learning (formative and summative), evaluation of program services, personnel, and evaluation of educational unit institutions through unit quality assurance (accreditation). The evaluation carried out by the Japanese Government in managing the Shimin Center includes evaluation of learning carried out by volunteers/facilitators, in addition, evaluation is also carried out by asking for opinions from the community and community leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The barista vocational education equivalency package C is an innovation in the education equivalency program, which has the potency effect in assisting the national education goals. This research aims to describe the potency of PKBM (Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat) — Community Learning Centers — in organizing the barista vocational education equivalency package C program. This research applied a qualitative approach with the case study research method. The data was collected through questionnaire, structured interview, observation, and documentation study. Then, those data were analyzed through data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion. The results show that (1) based on the location, PKBM in the Jember Regency has the same opportunity to organize the barista vocational program package C, (2) based on the students, millennial-generation students are more interested in utilizing barista skills as a functional skill compared to the previous generations, (3) based on the institution readiness, most of PKBMs are ready to joint venture with course training institution (LKP) rather than organizing by themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning becomes a new alternative to subtitute face-to-face learning during the pandemic of Covid-19. It used Learning Management System (LMS) to support the learning outcomes. This condition affected students' ability in critical thinking and behavior demanding them to survive and adapt well with the new learning system. This demand was to face the challenge of 21st century which is to produce graduates with critical ability that are able to think comprehensevely and logically; and to evaluate the outcomes of certain disciplines. This research was applied qualitative approach with documentation study. The result was to create questions in HOTS level adjusted with development flow. It started from grid arrangement to question card confirmation. The question development in high school level was carried out in Ekonomi Kerakyatan dan Koperasi subject (People's Economy and Cooperative). This development led to behavior forming of individual to be able to analyze in order to improve the excellence of UMKM (Small Micro Medium Enterprises) in various case studies. The demand of creating opportunity and product prospect were also parts of this question development. The steps of card arrangement were; (1) analyzing the characteristics of HOTS questions using indicators to measure the cognitive level C-4 (analyze), C-5 (evaluate), and C-6 (create). In conclusion, the question card arrangement was able to improve the students' quality in HOTS oriented learning activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jember Regency is one of the districts with a fairly large number of illiteracy rates, namely 164,346 million people. Answering the above problems, functional literacy programs still have to be implemented with various strategies and components of good implementation. The development of thematic teaching materials in accordance with the local context can be one strategy in improving the quality of literacy learning because teaching materials are an important component in the success of literacy learning. On this basis, it is necessary to develop learning materials by taking into account the characteristics of students including local potential, culture, geographical location, physiological, psychological, level, self-concept. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of thematic teaching materials as an effort to improve the quality of functional literacy learning programs. The type of research used is qualitative research using the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, including analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. The results of the development of coastal community-based thematic teaching and learning materials can facilitate "calistung" (Calistung is reading, writing and calculating) learning activities in literacy programs. For further research, research can be carried out by prioritizing the benefits of teaching materials to support the success of literacy programs so that they can assist government programs in reducing dropout rates in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online Single Submission (OSS) is a business license issued by the OSS institution through an electronically integrated business service system in an easy, faster, precise and efficient way. The theoretical studies used in this study are the concept of mentoring, the concept of the Community Learning Activity Center and Online Single Submission (OSS). The method used in this research was descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and literature studies. The results showed that 1) the implementation of OSS in PKBM Daarut Tauhiid through the steps; first, log in on OSS systems using user-ID previously created. Second, fill in the required data including company data, product data, business data related to the establishment of PKBM buildings and the workforce. Third, fill in the business field information in accordance with the Indonesian Standard Clarification for Business Fields (KBLI). The description that is filled in the establishment of PKBM is a description of the business field of the non-formal PKBM Daarut Tauhiid unit. Fourth, after everything is filled put a mark checklist as proof of approval of the statement regarding the truth and validity of the data entered; and fifth, business actors will get NIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The learning process in Indonesian elementary schools uses a thematic model. This policy aims to optimize the achievement of student competencies by integrating various subjects in a particular theme.This observational study aimed to gain an overview of the practice of thematic learning-oriented on the establishment of life skills in initial primary school classes. Through classroom observation, the researchers tried to describe the teaching-learning process that integrated several subjects in a unified theme to develop life skills through training affective, psychomotor, and cognitive competencies equally. Sources of data in this study were students and teachers of 1C grade of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Jember. The results of the observations show that learning with the theme of "myself" takes place through observing phenomena based on context, digging up information, doing assignments, discuss the results, and strengthening competencies. Through this series of activities, we found students gaining academic and vocational abilities, also showing positive attitudes regarding the subject matter. Thus, this thematic learning can be a reference model for teachers in the same context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic caused many problems of learning process. Regarding to this situation, the Indonesian government has decided that schools should implement distance learning. The negative impact of closing schools is learning loss for learners. There are two factors affecting learning loss. First is internal factors which refer to the learner's characteristics like motivation, attitude, the interest of the learners about what they learn in the classroom. The second one is external factors related to the instructional process, instructional strategies, media and technology used to deliver the materials and learning environment. To overcome the problems of learning loss, teachers need to empower their learning with technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children learn to regulate themselves independently at preschool age; thus, adjustment is necessary to improve. Several studies have found the relationship between cool executive function and the development of adjustment. However, little is known about the impact of cool executive function intervention to enhance the adjustment of preschool children. This study investigated the efficacy of an online intervention that focuses on cool executive function components (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in improving children's adjustment during COVID-19 pandemic. The study included seven sessions consisting of 4 different tasks (self-ordered pointing task, flanker task, stop-signal task, and flexible item selection task), which lasted approximately one month. Sixty-four children (48-72 months) who participated in the study were randomized into an experimental or control group. Pre-and post-assessments conducted using Child Adjustment and Parenting Self-efficacy (CAPES). Changes in children's adjustment were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicate that the adjustment among participants has improved significantly only in children aged four years (48-59 months). This finding suggests that the cool executive function intervention can promote early child adjustment by adding another aspect of EF, even in a pandemic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine how big the influence of emotional intelligence and description of motivation on teacher performance as a whole, either partially or simultaneously in early childhood in Malang Regency. Data collection strategies were carried out through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The evaluation of facts used is descriptive statistical evaluation, inferential statistical evaluation, and evaluation of more than one linear regression using the SPSS model 21 calculation application. These results confirm the strength of emotional intelligence and description of motivation on the overall performance of trainers partially and simultaneously at ECTP Malang Regency.. Emotional intelligence has a more significant influence than work motivation on performance at ECTP Malang Regency. Research on emotional intelligence, work motivation, and teacher performance has contributed to the institutional development and management of education in improving the quality of ECTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social competence is a crucial developmental task for preschool children that involves higher neurocognitive processes. Research has revealed the significance of parenting stress and parenting behavior influencing the development of social competence during the preschool period. Nonetheless, the mechanism of relationship between parenting stress, parenting behavior, and child's social competence development has not been well explored. Furthermore, limited studies have investigated the mediating role of parenting practice in the relationship between parenting stress and child's social competence. This research aims to explore the role of parental autonomy support as one of parenting behavior as a mediator in the relationship of parenting stress and 4-6 years old child's social competence during COVID-19. Children aged 4-6 years old (N=56) and their parents participated in the current study. Children's social competence and parents' level of parenting stress were measured through two different parent-report questionnaires, and parental autonomy support was observed during the dyadic interaction. Data collection and observations are conducted online. Results indicate that parent autonomy support fully mediates the relationship of parenting stress and preschool children's social competence. This research extends previous studies about the indirect effect of parenting stress on preschool children's social competence mediated by parenting behavior in a pandemic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the ministry of education and culture to promote students' independent learning (Ind: Merdeka Belajar) teachers should take advantage of arts as medium of instruction in elementary social studies classroom. The purpose of this study is to employ arts-based instruction in social studies to foster students' independent learning and higher order thinking skills. Built upon the previous research on arts integration approach this study offers a rationale for employing visual arts potential into social studies. With this approach it is presumed that both arts and social studies teachers benefit of aligning the arts and social studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot EF is a set of neurocognitive functions that contribute to children's ability to adapt and survive in emotionally challenging situations. Healthy children will be easily adjusted to new challenges to avoid behavioral and emotional problems during the pandemic. Unfortunately, research shows that no intervention can be used to develop early childhood hot EF. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of online hot EF-based interventions on increasing hot EF and early childhood adjustment. A Between Subject Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design was applied in this study. This study was followed by 62 children who were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received five individual online sessions for three weeks. Hot EF during pretest and posttest was measured using the Gift Delay Test, while adjustment was measured using Children Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scales (CAPES). The result showed that the experimental group significantly increased hot EF and adjustment compared to the control group. It suggests that this online hot EF-based intervention could promote hot EF and adjustment in early childhood children and be utilized by parents or educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 pandemic has affected all aspects of life including Nonformal Education field. This outbreak gives impacts on the change of services and learning patterns in nonformal education unit, almost in all parts of the world. Indonesia and Japan are no exceptions. The differences in condition and culture in these countries are unique and interesting to study and compare with in relation to the pattern of change occurred during the COVID 19. The aim of this study is to find out learning condition in nonformal education unit in Indonesia and Japan during COVID 19 pandemic period. The study used mixed method of Sequential Explanatory Design, by collecting them through document and questionnaire in Community Learning Center (PKBM) and Japanese Community Learning Center (Kominkan) in Japan. The data were collected for three months, involving each researcher in each country. The results showed that condition of nonformal education service in Indonesia and Japan changed from the offline model to the online one, long distance learning through zoom, social media, and other applications supporting education services for society. Innovation in nonformal education services in Indonesia is in the form of online services through LMS, Video Conference, Social Media and other media, whereas, in Japan, the innovation service has created two types of Kominkan, "formal", learning through Zoom, bulletin and social media, and "informal", learning by referring to discussion activities and communication building. Some challenging factors experienced by these two countries with regard to the services are the management program in the future and the use of technology in the learning process. In Indonesia, the limitation of Educators and Education staffs and learners has become one obstacle, while in Japan, apart from most learners are elderly, making it difficult to handle, the internet safety becomes another issue. Factor supporting the service in Indonesia is that PKBM has a quick response to the change of learning pattern and COVID 19 pandemic, although it still needs service management betterment. Meanwhile, in Japan, the supporting factor includes social education services that can give different kinds of activities by making use of various platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the form of parenting behavior carried out by the Sedulur Sikep's family and to find out how to educate children to apply the teachings in everyday life. This research uses a qualitative method approach with the type of case study research. The subjects in this study were two families of Sedulur Sikep's. The study used data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses data analysis techniques Miles and Huberman model. In this study, there are forms of parenting behavior in the Sedulur Sikep's family and how to educate children to apply the teachings in everyday life. Every family educates children to apply the teachings they believe in by providing advice, examples and habituation. It can be concluded that the various teachings that are believed by the family of Sedulur Sikep's are taught to children in various ways, namely through giving direct instructions in the form of advice, examples, and habituation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of social learning in the Dayak community is some of the strategies in empowering indigenous Dayak community. This research covers the process of social learning in the environmental characterization model of the indigenous Dayak community. The Dayak ethnic social learning construction serves to increase the empowerment of the ecological environment in empowering the Dayak community. This study describes how to develop social learning activities for the community with an environmental perspective on the Dayak tribe in the Manuhing Raya Farmers Group, Central Kalimantan. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Sources of data collection in this study came from members of the Borneo Institute assisted farmers, trainers for Village Community Empowerment and Customary Heads. The results of the study show that social learning activities that become cultural manifestations in the context of ecological empowerment use local culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research focus is to analyze the transformative learning patterns based on non-formal education in marginalized communities in Bondowoso District. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology. The technique used to determine informants is the Snowball Sampling Technique. Research informants are marginalized community and local arts and cultural center's managers. Collecting data in this study through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis steps are data collection, data reduction and data presentation and conclusion drawing. While checking the validity of the data by using extension of participation, persistence of observation, triangulation of sources and techniques. This study resulted in the following conclusions: 1) the pattern of fostering transformative learning in marginalized communities carried out by the local arts and cultural center in Bondowoso District by empowering with a transformative learning approach through training programs such as traditional dance, musical training, and skills in making accessories, welding, automotive repair, carpentry, and furniture. 2) The results of the transformative learning pattern based on non-formal education through training and motivation related to the importance of education provided by the local arts and cultural center so that it can provide changes to marginalized community's children (beggars, buskers and scavengers) especially can break the chain related to jobs that finally did not follow in the footsteps of his parents' occupation as beggars, buskers and scavengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of the community empowerment program includes three things, namely from, for and by the community. Coastal communities have noble values that are held and inherited in the form of traditional learning. Community empowerment activities require a kind of redesign with an indigenous learning approach to better ensure community participation with accompanying local wisdom. The research activity was carried out with the aim of describing the community's indigenous learning patterns which included participation in planning, implementing and evaluating empowerment program activities as an effort to adapt to climate change in the Coastal Region of Jember. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to examine objects that describe how the indigenous learning of coastal communities in dealing with climate change in the Coastal area. The results showed that the indigenous learning of coastal communities was carried out through learning stages based on the experiences of coastal communities which were then reflected so that it became a conception of climate change adaptation activities carried out in a participatory manner on vegetation and waste management in the Payangan Coastal Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 Pandemic that has hit the world has made online learning become the main option of learning for more than a year. Management of education services and educators develop various innovations in online learning that are able to encourage learners to achieve competencies the same as when offline learning as well as enable learners to participate in the online learning processes. This study aims to find out the extent of peer learning strategy can give an opportunity for learners' self-actualization and can assist them to reconstruct their knowledge so that they can understand more thoroughly and meaningfully. In this research, mix method approached was chosen so that a comprehensive description of data could be attained by collecting them through questionnaire, test, and observation from 80 respondents during the online training processes. Peer teaching is able to make participants feel that they can give influence on their environment, to feel that they can develop themselves more optimally, train creativity, apt to build a condition of learning from one another, build a more dynamic communication, and be appreciated by others. Peer learning is able to construct understanding from the materials leant during the training so that participants have better understanding and are able to apply it to themselves and to share with others as well. Apart from that, Peer learning is able to make participants to actualize themselves even though in the online context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the teacher's perspective on history learning based on higher order thinking skills in secondary schools. This research is a qualitative research using case study method. The subjects in this study were 16 history teachers spread across several districts and cities in Papua Province. Data was collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The research data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman Interactive Model which consisted of four stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that history teachers in Papua Province had a good perspective on the application of history learning based on higher order thinking skills in secondary schools. This perspective includes knowledge related to higher order thinking skills, readiness in preparing history learning tools based on higher order thinking skills, readiness in applying history learning based on higher order thinking skills, and readiness in evaluating the results of history learning based on higher order thinking skills in secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]