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Background Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for patients with cancer comes with the concern for the existence of cancer cells in the grafts. Data about cancer cell viability after cryopreservation are currently lacking. For the experimental study of cryo-stability of cancer cells, different protocols of in vitro culture of various cell lines are used. The existing protocols are not able to mimic the effectiveness of in vivo/in situ development of cancer cells. This study aimed to test the new protocol for in vitro culture of breast cancer cells. Materials and methods ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells were in vitro-cultured in standard [RPMI 1640 and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), respectively] and experimental (AIM V) medium. Cell phenotypes were tested by CCK-8 cell proliferation measurement, wound-healing assay, transmembrane cell migration and invasion assay and immunofluorescent staining. A 10-day in vitro culture without cell passaging was conducted on both cell lines in culture medium to observe the generation of a cell layer as a model of solid tumor tissue. The density of the cell layers was revealed by immunofluorescent staining. Results AIM V significantly promoted continued proliferation of both cell lines. Cell motility of ZR-75-1 cells was increased considerably more in AIM V than in RPMI-1640. For MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in AIM V and DMEM, no significant differences in mobility and invasion were observed. Both cell lines maintained in AIM V medium generated a cell layer on day 7 and formed a compact structure on day 10 of in vitro culture. Conclusion In vitro culture of ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells in AIM V medium is more informative than culture in standard medium. The described protocol provides a means for the formation of compact structures from in vitro-cultured cancer cells as a model of solid tumor tissue.

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for patients with cancer comes with the concern for the existence of cancer cells in the grafts. Data about cancer cell viability after cryopreservation are currently lacking. For the experimental study of cryo-stability of cancer cells, different protocols of in vitro culture of various cell lines are used. The existing protocols are not able to mimic the effectiveness of in vivo/in situ development of cancer cells. This study aimed to test the new protocol for in vitro culture of breast cancer cells.ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells were in vitro-cultured in standard [RPMI 1640 and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), respectively] and experimental (AIM V) medium. Cell phenotypes were tested by CCK-8 cell proliferation measurement, wound-healing assay, transmembrane cell migration and invasion assay and immunofluorescent staining. A 10-day in vitro culture without cell passaging was conducted on both cell lines in culture medium to observe the generation of a cell layer as a model of solid tumor tissue. The density of the cell layers was revealed by immunofluorescent staining.AIM V significantly promoted continued proliferation of both cell lines. Cell motility of ZR-75-1 cells was increased considerably more in AIM V than in RPMI-1640. For MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in AIM V and DMEM, no significant differences in mobility and invasion were observed. Both cell lines maintained in AIM V medium generated a cell layer on day 7 and formed a compact structure on day 10 of in vitro culture.In vitro culture of ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells in AIM V medium is more informative than culture in standard medium. The described protocol provides a means for the formation of compact structures from in vitro-cultured cancer cells as a model of solid tumor tissue.

Importance Germline mutations in established moderately or highly penetrant risk genes for breast cancer (BC) and/or ovarian cancer (OC), including BRCA1 and BRCA2 , explain fewer than half of all familial BC and/or OC cases. Based on the genotyping of 2 loss-of-function (LoF) variants c.5101C>T (p.GIn1701Ter [rs147021911]) and c.5791C>T (p.Arg1931Ter [rs144567652]), the FANCM gene has been suggested as a novel BC predisposition gene, while the analysis of the entire coding region of the FANCM gene in familial index cases and geographically matched controls is pending. Objectives To assess the mutational spectrum within the FANCM gene, and to determine a potential association of LoF germline mutations within the FANCM gene with BC and/or OC risk. Design, Setting, and Participants For the purpose of identification and characterization of novel BC and/or OC predisposition genes, a total of 2047 well-characterized familial BC index cases, 628 OC cases, and 2187 geographically matched controls were screened for LoF mutations within the FANCM gene by next-generation sequencing. All patients previously tested negative for pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. All data collection occurred between June 1, 2013, and April 30, 2016. Data analysis was performed from May 1, 2016, to July 1, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures FANCM LoF mutation frequencies in patients with BC and/or OC were compared with the FANCM LoF mutation frequencies in geographically matched controls by univariate logistic regression. Positive associations were stratified by age at onset and cancer family history. Results In this case-control study, 2047 well-characterized familial female BC index cases, 628 OC cases, and 2187 geographically matched controls were screened for truncating FANCM alterations. Heterozygous LoF mutations within the FANCM gene were significantly associated with familial BC risk, with an overall odds ratio (OR) of 2.05 (95% CI, 0.94-4.54; P = .049) and a mutation frequency of 1.03% in index cases. In familial patients whose BC onset was before age 51 years, an elevated OR of 2.44 (95% CI, 1.08-5.59; P = .02) was observed. A more pronounced association was identified for patients with a triple-negative BC tumor phenotype (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.00-12.85; P = .02). No significant association was detected for unselected OC cases (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.57-5.08; P = .27). Conclusions and Relevance Based on the significant associations of heterozygous LoF mutations with early-onset or triple-negative BC, FANCM should be included in diagnostic gene panel testing for individual risk assessment. Larger studies are required to determine age-dependent disease risks for BC and to assess a potential role of FANCM mutations in OC pathogenesis.