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Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare disease of unknown etiology which relates to the precapillary form of the hypertension. The review of the literature and authors' data on the changes of pulmonary vessels and the heart weight are presented. So-called plexiform structure characteristics for this pathology are considered by the authors as glomus anastomoses developing as a compensation of pulmonary circulation disturbances.

The results of investigations of 50 patients with tetralogy of Fallot aged from 5 months to 15 years, made prior to surgery, and of 14 others, examined after palliative operations, furnished grounds for assessing hemodynamic and morphological changes in the pulmonary vessels as viewed in an age-specific aspect. The patients underwent catheterization of the heart, angiocardiography and histological investigation of the pulmonary tissue. In each age group the characteristics of the cardiac cycle in the right ventricle, minute volume and cardiac index, hemodynamic indices of the lesser circulation, pulmonary and greater circulation vessels resistance were analyzed. In the age category of up to 6 years the development of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the organism were recorded. The pressure in the pulmonary artery remained normal. Morphological alterations in the pulmonary arterial trunks were seen to occur already in the early childhood.

On the basis of a clinico-morphological analysis of 50 cases with acute respiratory viral infections, developing clinically with brain symptoms, the authors distinguish 2 main factors, influencing their development. The main factors consist in a evicious circles of respiratory disorders which causes the appearance of toxico-hypoxic encephalopathy. Encephalitis of an immuno-allergic nature are seen less frequently and may appear soon after acute respiratory viral infections. Histologically there are 2 forms of allergic encephalitis: 1) with perivascular lymphocyte infiltration and 2) hemorrhagical. The second form differs clinically from the first by apoplectic-like development with a coma and rapid short course. Both forms of poctinfluenza allergic encephalitis differ from encephalopathy in the fact that they develop not during the crucial phase of acute respiratory infection, but follow 1-2 weeks. The morphological differences of hemmorrhagical forms of poctinfluenza allergic encephalitis from from encephalopathy are characterized by intensive perivascular hemorrhages with a tendency towards their fusion; by changes in the vascular walls; by an appearance of small foci of colliquative necrosis and demyelinization.

Three section observations of drug dermatitis which had developed against the background of treatment of acute respiratory diseases (Lyiell's syndrome) with sulphamides, antibiotics, and aspirin are presented.