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Phosphoglucosamine mutase (GlmM) is an enzyme of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The main aim of this thesis was to find out, whether gene glmM is essential for viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, we prepared merodiploid strain containing two copies of glmM; the genomic gene and ectopic copy under control of zinc inducible promoter. Subsequently, depletion strain was prepared by deletion of genomic copy of glmM. This strain was further used for analysis of viability and phenotype features in the medium containing various concentrations of zinc ions, an inducer of ectopic glmM expression. We found out, that the viability of this strain was strictly dependent on the concentration of inducer and further, that depletion of GlmM resulted in remarkable morphological defects. The rescue of mutant strain was observed after addition of inducer up to the level of the control sample. These results have provided the evidence of glmM essentiality for S. pneumoniae viability. Furthermore, we analyzed, whether phosphorylation of key amino acid residues, S99 and S101, is essential for GlmM functionality. Four different strains were prepared by means of site-directed mutagenesis expressing glmM with substitutions of key serine residues for alanine or glutamic acid. Since deletion of chromosomal locus in...

Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Internet Criminality Key words: Internet, Criminal law, Criminology Abstract (EN): Internet criminality is a very young phenomenon; the internet itself was presented in the recent form only about 20 years ago. Nevertheless, the relative youth of the internet does not mean that the internet crimes are less serious or less prevalent than other criminal activities. The mass, relative anonymity and progressive globalization of the internet together with bustling development of computer technology provide both the organized crime and individuals with perfect means to commit all sorts of offences. With regard to its extant, this study is not supposed to serve as an overall and full detailed analysis of the internet criminality. The objective of this paper is a criminological description of socially dangerous phenomenons related to the internet, concretely the origin of these phenomenons in the society, the most frequent modus operandi of the internet crime, means of prevention and the criminal law qualification of the relevant criminal activities. The paper itself is divided into four separate parts. The first part contains a general introduction into the problems of internet criminality. We can find there a definition of the term "internet" and "internet...

Two component systems were traditionally considered as main phosphorylation systems of bacteria involved in cell signalling. Recently, attention focuses increasingly on bacterial eukaryote-like Ser/Thr protein kinases (eSTKs). These protein kinases are structurally similar to their eukaryotic counterparts. Some eSTKs possess additional domains such as extracellular PASTA domains that were discovered in a variety of gram-positive bacteria. It has been proved that these domains can act as sensors for unlinked peptidoglycan fragments. However, majority of environmental signal molecules still remains unknown. eSTKs phosphorylate a broad spectrum of substrates including proteins involved in various cell processes such as virulence, cell wall biosynthesis, cell division, and central and secondary metabolism. Cross talk between eSTKs and two component systems also occurs. In this thesis, the current knowledge about eSTKs and their significant substrates in different bacterial species is discussed.

Diploma thesis name: Criminalistics experiment Keywords: criminalistic experiment, investigative experiment, special methods of evidence Abstract The diploma thesis entitled "Criminalistic Experiment" deals with the analysis of the concept of criminalistic experiment as one of the methods of criminalistic practice in the environment of the Czech legal system. It contains a theoretical part, which is a summary of the first ten chapters, and a practical part, which is the last, eleventh chapter. The theoretical part uses mainly the descriptive method, while the fifth chapter uses the comparative method. The first chapter presents the definition of the concept and the essence of the criminalistic experiment, while the specificity that distinguishes this criminalistic method from experimental activities in other areas of human activity is outlined. The second chapter then introduces the basic principles according to which we can divide the more general method of criminalistic experiment. The forms that can be distinguished for it are presented, while the investigative experiment, which is a specific method of criminalistic practice that is based on the more general method of criminalistic experiment, is discussed more. The third chapter deals with the history of the investigative experiments, first mentioning...

1 Children's internet safety in a social media age with the focus on sexual assault ABSTRACT The thesis focuses on Internet sexual predatory crimes against children. It contains not only the theoretical aspects related to this issue, but also presents the related effective legislation, presents conclusions obtained from personal research and suggests possible partial changes. Sexual abuse of children in cyberspace in the form of cyber grooming is becoming a more current social issue every day. With the development of the Internet and social networks and the frequency of their use is growing at an uncontrolled rate by the day. Its effects can be severe for child's present and future life. It should therefore be given sufficient attention, both by the existing legal regulations and the tools available to detect and investigate it, and by the children themselves and their parents. In view of the social harmfulness of cyber grooming, there was a need to regulate this problem within the European Union. As a result, the criminal offence of making unlawful contact with a child was introduced into the Criminal Code with effect from 1 August 2014, with the aim of punishing the preparation of sexual offences, where the preparation is not in itself punishable. Even though many years have passed since its enactment,...

Tactical methods of overcoming false testimony Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is tactical methods of overcoming false testimony. This diploma thesis aims to map and analyze selected criminal-tactical procedures used to overcome false testimony, as well as some other methods of overcoming false testimony, whether permitted or not, and to define the mechanism of their operation, especially with regard to their use in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis concludes with a discussion of a specific and controversial tactical procedure used to overcome false testimony, which is the lie detector. The diploma thesis is organized into four chapters and their subchapters. The first chapter deals with basic terminology and its definition. It defines the concept of interrogation and testimony, false testimony including the manifestations on the basis of which a lie can be detected in a testimony, the concept of credibility and truthfulness, as well as the different types of interrogation according to the classification criteria of complete and credible testimony. The main topic of the diploma thesis is contained in the second chapter. This chapter defines the mechanism of operation and the essence of the basic tactical interrogation procedure as well as the partial tactical interrogation procedure used to...

Crime scene reconstruction Abstract The theme of this Diploma thesis is crime scene reconstruction (also known as crime reconstruction). The author if this thesis focused primarly on Czech law. Crime scene reconstruction is type of criminalistic reconstruction. It is a forensic science discipline based on reconstruction of events and situations that occured as crime was being commited. Crime scene reconstruction is mainly used for cases of severe crime activity such as rape or muder. It was reglemented to Czech Criminal Procedure Code as one of "Special Means of Evidence" in 2001 when the so called "the big novelization" of Criminal Procedure Code took place. The other special means of evidence reglemented alongside with reconstruction were confrontation, recognition, investigation attempt and on site examination. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to thouroughly describe crime recontruction as one of the means of evidence. Leading method used in this project is the descriptive method followed by the comparative method. Finally analysis is also used in attempt to bring some new perspectives on the theme. Secondary aim of this diploma thesis is to compare reconstruction with other chosen Means of Evidence reglemented in the Criminal Procedure Code. Lastly next supporting aim is an attemt on analysis of...

Forensic ballistics Abstract The topic of this thesis is forensic ballistics, a technical forensic method, examining firearms, ammunition and other conditions of committing a crime using a firearms for criminalistic purposes. This thesis focuses on placing forensic ballistics in the general context of criminalistics, criminal law and international aspects. For this purpose is this thesis divided into three main parts. The first part deals with forensic ballistics as one of technical forensic methods. Attention will be paid to the definition of forensic ballistics, placing forensic ballistics into the system of criminalistics and areas of forensic ballistics. Particular objects of forensic ballistic examination, especially specific tangible and intangible assets examined by forensic ballistics, will be presented. According to objects of forensic ballistic examination will also be presented the issue of ballistic traces. Particular sections of forensic ballistic examination will be defined at the end of the first part. The second part is focused on procedural aspects of forensic ballistics, especially its connection with other forensic sciences and methods of criminalistics and criminal procedural law. The main idea of this part is to connect forensic ballistics as a forensic science with forensic expertise...

The presented thesis with the title "Methodology for investigation of sex crimes (selected issues)" aims to comprehensively analyse the crime of rape in relation to criminal law, criminology and forensic science. I focused on the institute of rape, its investigation and specific or problematic aspects tied to it. The thesis is systematically divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the historical aspects of rape, the current legal regulation and comparing the Czech legal regulation of rape with its regulation in Slovakia. The second chapter is dedicated to the criminological aspect of rape, in particular to the myths that surround this crime. Further, I described the typology of rape through the lens of criminology and the personality of its perpetrator and victim. In the third chapter, I analyse the forensic nature of rape. I focused on several forensic components of this crime, and that is criminal situations and typical ways of committing rape. The fourth chapter deals with the methodology for investigation of the crime of rape, and which describes typical investigative situations or typical traces related to rape. My objective was to enrich this thesis with practical findings from crime investigations. I dedicated the last chapter of this thesis to these findings. For this...

Alternative punishments Abstract This careful study is devoted to the issue of imposing alternative punishments in the Czech criminal justice system, in particular the imposition of house arrest. The aim of this work is to analyze the imposition of proposed alternative punishments in the Czech Republic and also to describe the current state punishment system. When examining the sentence of house arrest, I focus mainly on the performance of its control (electronic monitoring). The work is divided into six separate chapters. The first chapter is a theoretical introduction to the given issue and in it I discuss the definition of punishment, its purpose, systematics and principles of its imposition. The second chapter analyzes the starting points of alternative punishment and the principle functions of restorative justice, probation and mediation. In the third chapter, I focus on the development of regulation in legal punishment in the Czech Republic, especially with regard to alternative punishments. I mainly analyze the legislation since the adoption of the Criminal Code of 2009, including subsequent amendments. In the fourth chapter, I pay attention to the statistical development of imposed sentences in the Czech Republic. I present the statistics of all persons sentenced to house arrest and other...

Development and other perspectives of drug offences Summary The subject of this thesis is the criminal law governing the manipulation of psychoactive substances or so-called drug offenses. For the purposes of the thesis the term psychoactive substances is equal to the term narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as used in Act 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code. Special attention is then paid to the real impact of this regulation in the area of drug related issues. The first chapter maps the development of laws governing psychoactive substances from antiquity to present day while observing the repetitive trends in the historical legal approach. The attention is also paid to the modern development in this area in the international field, with particular focus the most important conventions signed during the twentieth century and the gradually increasing role of the European Union. The changes in the legal treatment of drug offenses on Czech territory are then described in more detail, the current Czech legislation being one of the main focuses of the thesis. The individual drug offenses contained in Sections 283 to 287 of Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code, are discussed in further detail also taking into account the relevant case law and any problems encountered in their practical application. Due to the...

Příloha k rigorózní práci "Abstract" Title of the theses: Criminal liability of legal entities in health care with special focus on health care providers Author: Mgr. Pavel Konečný, LL.M. Topic: Criminal law Abstract The rigorous thesis deals with the criminal liability of legal entities in health care with special focus on health care providers. The researched topic is actual mainly due to the fact that Act No. 183/2016 Coll. has had a serious impact on health care providers in terms of their criminal liability. It is health care providers, especially hospitals that are undoubtedly the legal entities to which these crimes will be most often attributed, precisely with regard to the subject of their activity. Conceptually, the thesis is divided into 8 chapters, including the introduction and conclusion. At the beginning the thesis deals with a general introduction and legislative development. This is followed by a chapter dealing with international documents amending criminal liability of legal persons. This chapter is followed by a chapter on the position of the health care entity of a legal entity as a perpetrator of a criminal offense with a separate subchapter focused on Emergency Medical Services. Hereafter, the thesis deals with the imputability of a crime to a legal person in general and the...

The goal of this thesis is to provide basic information on forensic ballistics and 3D printed weapons. The thesis is based on the analysis of Czech and international monographies and articles and provides insight into the legislative regulation of firearms in selected countries and the Czech Republic. The thesis is split into seven thematic chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the concept and function of forensic ballistics, generally defines the objects of its investigation and describes its various categories. The following chapter focuses on the history of forensic ballistics, both abroad and in Czechoslovakia. This chapter describes interesting cases and personalities who helped form forensic ballistics. The third chapter defines the objects of investigation in more detail. Firearms, ammunition, objects struck by bullets, and other tangible and intangible objects are described in more detail. The next two chapters focus more closely on the work of the ballistics expert, with chapter four describing ballistic marks. It outlines where to find them, how to locate and secure them, and the role played by the Ústřední sbírka balistických stop (Central collection of ballistic marks) and the Centrální registr zbraní (Central registr of fireamrs). In contrast, chapter five deals with...

The tactical methods of overcoming the false testimony Abstract The topic of the thesis are tactical methods of overcoming a false testimony, meaning the approaches which can an interrogator use within interrogation to overcome a false motivation and gain a truthful statement from interrogated. In the first chapter the author focuses on the concept of interrogation as an interdisciplinary term in course of which knowledge from several scientific fields is applied, while stating for what reasons it is necessary to understand and approach interrogation in this way. The author mostly focuses on the problematic of interrogation from the view of criminalistics, analyzes the individual phases of an interrogation and their significance for detecting and overcoming a lie. The second chapter is dedicated to the very essence of lie and false testimony. Here, the author tries to define a false testimony and define which manifestations of lie in communication and behavior of a person are still acceptable today for determining if the person is giving a false or truthful testimony. Conclusion of this chapter also outlines the most common reasons which motivate the interrogated people to give false testimony. The following is the chapter which in its introduction focuses on the general tactical methods and their role in...

Some special methods of evidence Abstract The thesis focuses on five independent specific criminalistic-tactical methods of criminalistic practice. The Act No. 141/1961 Sb., o trestním řízení soudním (Criminal Procedure), provides these methods in the form of criminal-procedural acts as so-called Some special methods of evidence. The thesis describes these methods not only from a theoretical point of view, but also deals with specific cases from practice. The first chapter is entitled General Theoretical Background. It deals with the nature of some special methods of evidence, their purpose, documentation, and the principle of prohibition of coercion to self-incrimination. It also contains a practical demonstration of the difficulties of using some special methods of evidence in practice. The second chapter is about the historical development of the various methods. In particular, it focuses on the legislative development of confrontation and eyewitness testimony. The third chapter focuses on confrontation, its nature, its distinction from interrogation, the process and documentation of the act. The fourth chapter deals with eyewitness testimony, its nature, types of eyewitness's testimony and the possibilities of increasing the evidentiary strength of this act. This part of the thesis refers not only to...

1 Summary This thesis focuses on the description of specific elements occurring during the interrogation of children. The interrogation of children differs from the interrogation of adults and has its own rules due to the incomplete development of children and their psychological specifics. The entire thesis is divided into four chapters, which are further subdivided into individual subsections. The information used in this thesis were drawn from specialized literature, specialized articles, case law and legal regulations, various internet sources and finally also from materials provided by the Police of the Czech Republic and personal experiences of the Police Inspector. The aim of this work is a general summary of the available knowledge on the topic of the peculiarities of children interrogation and at the end of this work, there is an attempt to find and describe the theoretical knowledge discussed in the thesis in the ongoing practice of child interrogation from the provided protocols. The introductory chapter of the thesis is devoted to the explanation of the basic concepts that are key to the thesis. These concepts include the multidimensional concept of interrogation, which is described as it is viewed by various scientific disciplines, and the concept of a child in the Czech legal system, the...

Thesis title: Criminal offense and investigation of stalking Abstract The presented rigorous thesis analyses a criminal offense of stalking in §354 provision and selected investigation issues of this type of criminal activity. This work consists of an introduction, four main chapters, and a summary. The first chapter defines the concept of stalking and its genesis. Then, the particular signs of stalking and basic views on the classification of the perpetrators are described. The case interpretation of some real cases of stalking follows. The second chapter is focused on the criminal offense of stalking. Firstly, from the point of view of its adoption in the legal order of the Czech Republic and its position in the system of the Criminal Code of the Czech republic. Subsequently, the individual features of facts of the case of stalking are subjected to examination with their summarizing analysis, and their positives and negatives are specified, followed by the proposal to amend the material provision. Chapter two is also addressing the relation to other criminal offenses and misdemeanors against civil cohabitation. The third chapter focuses on the comparison of a criminal offense of stalking and selected foreign legislation. In this matter, the legislation of California, Austria, and Germany was selected....

The problem of resocialization of convicts and the effect of particular penalties on this process is a subject rather relatively neglected, but at the same time socially and legally fundamental. The success of the resocialization of offenders affects not only the entire criminal policy but also society as a whole. However, the view on this social dilemma is evolving over time. We do not longer examine the punishment as mere retribution, rather we expect it to protect society and have a positive effect on the convict. We also realize that most of the sentencing does not mean permanent exclusion from society. Therefore, the consequences of any sentence also affect us, the society. This phenomenon led me to analyze the three most severe sentences: imprisonment, house arrest, and community service. Gradually, I tried to investigate the outcome of the effects of these sentences on the offender's personality. During the analysis, I decided not to only benefit from the secondary data consisting of acknowledged publications, articles, studies, and concepts, but I also acquired findings from several interviews with experts within the sphere and convicts themselves. This allowed deep penetration into the topic not only from a theoretical point of view but also from a practical one. In the thesis, I critically...

Assisted suicide: Application of assisted suicide models in the Czech Republic This diploma thesis deals with the topic of assisted suicide. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the current legal regulation of this issue in the Czech Republic and to outline models of assisted suicide in selected European countries, whose legal systems allow its performance in whole or in part. The author also deals with the possibility of application of these models or their parts in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The author devotes the introductory chapter to the historical development of euthanasia and assisted suicide in Europe from antiquity to the present. This chapter describes how perceptions of this issue have changed and evolved over the years and which influences have affected it. In the second chapter, the author presents the current legal situation of assisted suicide in the Czech Republic. The introduction of this chapter defines the basic terminology, the autor then defines the crime of participation in suicide under which assisted suicide is punished in the Czech Republic and at the end of the chapter attention is paid to institutes that are closely related to assisted suicide. The third chapter continues with the analysis of the legal regulations of assisted suicide in...

Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce, abstrakt v anglickém jazyce a 3 klíčová slova v anglickém jazyce Psychological profiling of an offender Abstract This thesis discusses psychological profiling, which is classified as an alternative method of criminal investigation. This method is mainly used in serious crimes cases where conventional investigative procedures fail. Based on the information obtained at the crime scene, the profiler tries to create as accurate portrait of the unknown offender as possible. Such portrait is known as a psychological profile of the offender and serves primarily to narrow the pool of suspects and point investigators in the right direction. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the psychological profiling method including its shortcomings and to evaluate the contribution of this method to investigation. The thesis is divided into a total of four chapters. The first chapter explains the concept of psychological profiling itself, provides definitions and general characteristic of the term. Then is described the historical development of this method, abroad and in the Czech Republic. Afterwards I define crimes suitable for criminal profiling and in the end of the chapter I deal with the role of profiling expert. The second chapter is devoted to the...

Interrogation tactics Abstract The diploma thesis processes the topic of interrogation and tactics of its performance from the perspective of criminal law, criminology, and forensic psychology. The emphasis mainly lays on the first two perspectives. On the contrary, the psychology of interrogation is elaborated only in the extent of institutes and information, which are worked with in subsequent parts of the thesis, and which therefore had to be stated in general. The aim of the diploma thesis is to show the tactical procedures of interrogation in the account of legal norms, criminalistic and psychological recommendations. At the same time, emphasis lays on the comparison of Czech legislation with the French one with a focus on the regulation of interrogation tactics. The processed information was drawn from Czech and foreign monographs, expert essays, commentaries on specified laws, as well as French and internal case-law. The thesis is enriched of practical examples provided by the interrogator of the National Drug Headquarters and illustrative examples from records of interrogation. The method of analysis, explanation and comparison were used in the processing of sources. The thesis includes an introduction, four parts and a conclusion. The individual parts are further divided into chapters and two...

The methodology of drug-related crimes in theory and practice ABSTRACT This thesis is focused on issues of drug-related crimes, mainly from the investigative point of view. This means from the point of view of the methods and techniques that are used by police authority. According to the inherent connection between criminalistics and criminal law, the thesis also reflects procedural aspects of the acts and descriptions of particular crimes under criminal substantive law. The thesis consists of an introduction, eight chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter is dedicated to definition of particular terms which are commonly used within this topic. Each definition is expounded upon in the context of legal development. The system of legal adjustment is compared with foreign systems. The second chapter analyses the structure of realtionships and positions of each person within the drug's hierarchy which are reflected in investigative tactics. A description of the criminal acts under criminal substantive law is contained in the third chapter. This description must be included to properly explain the facts of the case. The chapter number four examines the legal adjustment of police authority's procedure and the options and methods of international cooperation. Through of the existence of unified code of...

Methodology of Investigation of Road Traffic Accidents Abstract This thesis titled "Methodology of Investigation of Road Traffic Accidents" has the objective of providing a comprehensive illustration of specific issues related to investigation of road traffic accidents, their causes and also their prevention. This is a very current topic, because the number of traffic accidents on Czech roads continues to grow. With regard to the number of road traffic accidents that the police have to deal with every day, investigators strive not only to make sure that investigation is quick and effective, but also that its quality remains the same. The thesis also deals with actual topics such as hit and run car accidents, the aggressiveness of drivers behind the wheel or emergency call systems. The first chapter discusses the concept of a road traffic accident. The subsequent chapters are devoted to the actual particularities of investigation of road traffic accidents. The second chapter provides an overview of the investigative description, which means the method by which an accident is committed and specification of the offender and the injured party. This chapter is followed by the third chapter, which discusses the particularities of the impulses for investigation, or notification of traffic accidents. The fourth...

The thesis deals with current issues of the phenomenon of legalization of proceeds of crime, popularly known as money laundering. Money laundering is an illegal act intended to disguise the criminal origin of the proceeds of crime and to create the appearance of legally acquired income. In recent decades, it has qualified as one of the most pressing and serious global criminal issues. The ambition of the thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of this complex phenomenon. The thesis also aims to analyse in more detail recent legislative changes in the area of substantive criminal law and to assess whether these are an appropriate step to ensure more effective combating of money laundering. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the beginning, the thesis explains the terms of legalization of proceeds of crime and money laundering. It then presents how money laundering is carried out in practice and highlights the evolution of laundering methods from the traditional simpler domestic methods to modern highly sophisticated offshore laundering schemes. The second part of the thesis provides an overview of the legal regulation of money laundering, with an emphasis on domestic criminal law, as well...

Selected issues of trasology Abstract This diploma thesis deals with partial issues of the field of trasology. Trasology in general represents one of the forensic-technical fields, which deals with footprints, shoeprint, teeth and ear impressions, tire prints and similar objects. The aim of this thesis is to present an analysis of the issue and to provide an answer to the question whether trasology is still a relevant field in the Czech Republic and abroad. In this context, special attention is paid to identification tools used in trasology. The methods used are description, analysis, comparison with foreign countries and own research activity. The whole thesis is structured into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the area of definition of the term of trasology and other related terms. This chapter also contains subchapters devoted to the historical development of trasology and its relation to criminal law and to other forensic fields. The second chapter deals in more detail with the use of trasology in practice. This chapter includes a treatise on trasological traces and their use in criminal proceedings. Trasological traces are then divided into several categories according to the nature of the object that created the trace. Subsequently, an insight into the identification tools TRASIS and LUCIA...

Serial murder attracts a lot of layman and scholarly interest alike. Disproportionate majority of scholarly literature in Czech Republic delves into its psychological aspects and offender profiling. Much smaller portion of literature focuses on other specifics of its investigation. This thesis aims to describe specific problems in the area of investigation and possible solutions to those problems. With regards to the state of Czech and foreign scholarly sources on the topic, literature from English-speaking countries is utilized extensively. When possible and suitable, the output of foreign research is transefered into Czech conditions or a comparison is made. Thesis is continuosly bolstered with case summaries that help to demonstrate topics at hand in practice. The cases chosen are primarily from Czech Republic (or Czechoslovakia, respectively) if available. First chapter focuses on defining serial murder in relation to certain specifics, that are typical for serial murder, even if they don't occur every time. Second chapter focuses on problematics of identifying serial murder with extra focus on situations where physical evidence unequivocally connecting murders into a series isn't available. This chapter also delves into "linkage analysis" as a special application of behavioral analysis. Third...

Stalking - Dangerous Pursuing Abstract This thesis deals with the issue of stalking, which is viewed comprehensively with the aim of summarizing and evaluating its criminological and criminal law aspects and assessing whether Czech legislation allows for an effective response to cases of stalking, timely assistance to its victims and appropriate punishment of the stalker. The thesis points to findings based on foreign research and studies dealing with the person of the stalker, his manifestations, and the person of the victim of stalking and the related effects on him. Surveys show an alarming number of cases of stalking in society with an overall lifetime prevalence ranging from 4.5% to 23.4%, and even from 6.1% to 32.4% for women, depending on the strictness of the definition used. The stalker does not choose his victim at random and the victim usually knows his stalker. The most typical case of stalking being a man stalking his current or former intimate partner, the danger in these cases being precisely the stalker's knowledge of his victim, the sophistication of his actions and his propensity for physical violence. Within the framework of criminal law, emphasis is placed on case law, the approach of practice and on the comparison of Czech criminal law with foreign legislation. The thesis summarizes the...

The thesis "Criminal Aspects of Drug Crime" presents selected aspects of the current global problem of drug abuse in the criminal law. The aim of the thesis is to point out the negatives of drug abuse and their image in the current wording of the facts of drug offences. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on the frequently used term "drug", as well as the breakdown of drugs and the effects of selected drugs. The second part gives an overview of the development of domestic legislation, focusing in particular on the Criminal Law of 1950 and 1961. The third part is the core part and presents the current legislation, primarily the meanings of drug offences defined by Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code. The fourth and last part serves to present the Romanian legislation on drug offences, highlighting its most interesting aspects.

Criminal Liability for the Dissemination of Illegal Content on the Internet Abstract As the title of my work suggests, I deal with the issue of criminal liability for the dissemination of illegal content on the Internet. The work is not generally focused on the mechanism of creating criminal liability or shedding light on the concept of illegal content. However, these topics are defined in the first chapter, along with other concepts related to this work. The heart of this work is represented by two areas that cover most of the illegal content distributed on the Internet, namely pornography and hate crimes. These areas are the main theme of my work. The aim of this work is to analyze the issues of these two areas and especially the specifics that are associated with the virtual world. The work deals with both the regulations of European and domestic law, as well as case law. I constantly tried to compose my thoughts in my work, especially in the conclusion, where the de lege lata consideration of the criminality of using the so-called reaction buttons on social networks is described. A large part of internet hate speech has moved to them, and I think that this trend will only continue. The work is divided into four chapters (if I do not count the introduction and conclusion). The first chapter defines the...

1 Criminalistic theory of victims of crime Abstract The diploma thesis focused on Criminalization of Crime Victims deals with the issue of victims from the perspective of criminalistic victimology, which is a relatively young field examining the victim in terms of its impact on the crime investigation process, in connection with victimology findings. The thesis is divided into introduction, conclusion and four chapters, which provide insight into the issues of criminalistic victimology. The first chapter is devoted to the primary characteristics of the concerned field, including the definition of basic terms. In particular, the work deals with the victim of crime, its legal basis and description of rights that are guaranteed by Victims of Crime Act. Furthermore, the work discusses the concept of vulnerability and the process of victimization, where the thesis focuses mainly on secondary victimization, its sources and impacts. The second chapter in all its subchapters focuses on the subject of criminalistic victimology. Firstly, the thesis deals with the role of the victim in the genesis of the offense and with the importance of the victim's relationship with the perpetrator. The work also deals with material and memory traces of which the victim is the originator and the holder, and which are a valuable...

Methodology of rape investigation Abstract This diploma thesis called Methodology of rape investigation aims to present a multidisciplinary analysis of selected aspects of rape. The secondary goal is to identify the specific problems accompanying this crime while obtaining knowledge about the methodology of rape investigation. The thesis includes both theoretical and practical elements and is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter deals with criminal code aspects, which are representing a necessary part of a theoretical introduction to the issue. It includes the historical development of the legal regulation of rape up to the current definition, where all its features are analyzed with a supplementary interpretation of case law. For inclusion in the European context, the content also includes a description of the rape legislation in selected European countries. The second chapter represents the findings of criminology and criminalistics on the crime of rape. Thus, various typologies of rape are presented, including possible causes regarding the influence of myths. Furthermore, attention is paid to the characteristics of the victim, characteristics of the perpetrator and the typical ways of committing this crime. The third chapter introduces the investigation methodology itself, which presents incentives...

Stalking - criminological aspects Abstract The issue of this thesis is the criminological aspects of the crime of stalking in Czech Republic according to section 354 of the Act no. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is focused on the characteristics of the concept of stalking, its criminalization and analysis of the crime of stalking from the point of view of substantive and procedural criminal law. The second part contains knowledge about the personality of stalking perpetrators, several selected typologies of perpetrators and practical advice and recommendations in connection with helping victims of stalking. The last part deals with the threat assessment which stalking perpetrators pose to their victims. Furthermore, it is the focus of the thesis, which is the analysis of the concept of "reasonable concern" in the context of the crime of stalking. The last chapter of this part is devoted to the analysis of 4 cases of stalking from a criminological point of view. The conclusion of the thesis consists of a summary of the most important findings that the author found during her writing. Keywords: stalking/ reasonable concern / threat assessment

The subject of this diploma thesis is "The specificity of serial murders and their investigation". This diploma thesis focuses on the delimitation of serial murders, the typical way of committing serial murders, the criminalistic characterisation of serial killers as well as the methodology of such murders. The first chapter of the diploma thesis is dedicated to the definition of the term "serial murders" itself and simultaneously to the terms "mass and murderous wave". In the second chapter the aim is, primarily, to briefly analyse the legal classification of serial murders in the meaning of the Czech Criminal Code. This part of the diploma thesis also focuses on the differences between common murder, deliberate murder, murder with prior consideration and the typicalness of serial murders. The third chapter lays out different ways of committing serial murders from the view of preparatory action. Murder weapons and the mechanism of killing are also described in this part of the diploma thesis as well as the diplomant's own research on these topics based on the sample of 44 serial killers. The issue of the culprits of serial murders, especially the matter of their organisation and motive, is described in the fourth chapter. Furthermore, the culprits are divided into categories such as sexual serial...

The Specifics of Children Interrogation Summary The diploma thesis deals with interrogation of children, which means person under 18 years old, as witnesses, or even victims of crimes. The interrogation of child witnesses should be approached with special care, as children are very vulnerable to their unfinished mental and psychological development and have a higher risk of secondary victimization. The graduate aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive set of information on the issue of questioning child witnesses. The issue has an interdisciplinary character, so the work contains criminal, forensic, psychological, and victimological knowledge. At the same time, on the basis of research and interviews with police officers and social workers, the graduate evaluates the legal regulation and interrogation practice, identifies shortcomings and tries to present possibilities for their solution. The first part of the thesis contains the definition of basic terms with which the graduate works in the work. These are the terms child, victim and particularly vulnerable victim, victimization, witness, interrogation and testimony. The second part of the work is focused on the legal regulation of the issue. The graduate mentions international and EU documents, but pays more attention to the regulation in the...

Forensic ballistics Abstract This thesis deals with one of the disciplines falling under forensic science, forensic ballistics. Forensic ballistics is a forensic field focused on firearms, ammunition and other objects used in shooting incidents associated with committing a crime. The aim of this thesis is to provide a basic explanation of the term forensic ballistics, ballistics evidence and briefly describe the most important methods of ballistics examination. At the end is also mentioned the legislation of firearms and ammunition. The diploma is divided into five chapters. First chapter is focused on the history of forensic ballistics, one part of this chapter describes the history on the territory of the Czech Republic, the other part deals with worldwide history. This section is complemented by several case that have become significant milestones for forensic ballistics, such as the case of Charles Stielow from the US state of New York. The following chapter provides a definition of forensic ballistics, its purpose and divides ballistics into several parts. Forensic ballistics is composed of four basic areas internal, intermediate, external and terminal ballistics and two others dealing with phenomena occur before and after the actual shot prenatal and postterminal ballistics. In the other part of the...

The Crime of Murder of a Newborn Child by the Mother Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is the crime of murder of a newborn child by the mother. In the first part of the thesis, the author deals with a historical excursion in the Czech lands from the 16th century until the end of the 20th century. The chapter maps the development of the regulation from early modern laws to the current Criminal Code and reflects the influence of previous regulations on the current form of this crime. The work also deals with criminological aspects of this issue in the 16th-19th century. The second chapter focuses on the individual elements of § 142 of the Criminal Code, ie. object, actus reus, subject and mens rea of this crime. The author discusses here, for example, the definition of the time when the crime of murdering a newborn child by a mother can be committed. It also addresses the issue of committing this crime in an omissive manner and the pitfalls associated with proving intent in such cases. The following chapter deals with the developmental stages of this crime and the author discusses mainly the attempt of this crime, with emphasis on the circumstances of the cessation of criminality of the attempt and the attempt on an unfit object of an attack. The fourth chapter of this work is devoted to prevention....

The Methodology of Robbery Investigation Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the methodology of robbery investigation, specifically with its selected components of the investigation. The selected parts are criminalistic characteristic of robberies, the typical ways of committing robberies divided according to the intensity of aggression and the typical evidence. The thesis provides with a deeper insight into these parts of the investigation process, captures their specifics and provides a comparison with foreign literature. The presented thesis is divided into four chapters, which are related and follow each other. The first chapter presents the crime of robbery, as regulated in Act No. 40/2009 Coll., The Criminal Code, and its position in the current Czech legal system. It outlines the subject of the methodology from the point of view of criminal law. The second chapter deals with the criminalistic characteristic of robberies. In the individual subchapters, it discusses the criminal situation, the typical ways of committing robberies, the offender and the victim of robbery, and finally deals with the motive of the criminal act and the criteria for selecting the victim. This chapter provides number of statistics related to robberies. The subchapter focusing on the typical ways of committing robberies,...

Secondary victimization of victims of sexual crimes by law enforcement authorities Abstract Although victims of crime received more attention in recent years than ever before, there are lots of myths about them in our society. These myths distort the view not only of the victims themselves, but of moral crimes in general and subsequently they have influence as to how victims are treated. A victim who reports a sexually motivated crime has to face stressful and confusing criminal proceedings. During the proceedings victims are usually forced to testify repeatedly, meet the perpetrator, respond to hurtful questions about their past, their relationship with the perpetrator and justify their behaviour during primary victimization. All of these uncomfortable experiences are the causes of secondary victimization by law enforcement authorities. The main aim of this thesis was to analyze criminal proceedings from the perspective of victims and focus on dangerous situations during which law enforcement authorities can cause secondary victimization to them. The author wanted to clarify the danger of secondary victimizations and dispel the myths and stereotypes which have influence on how we treat the victims and cause secondary victimization. As a source for analysis of criminal proceedings was not only the...