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Perovskite oxides (ABO3) due to their high thermal stability and the ability to control the physico-chemical properties are considered as an alternative to traditional catalysts containing noble and transition metals. Herein, the recent research breakthroughs of GdCoO3 catalysts in experimental studies are summarized in detail. First, the perovskite-type GdCoO3 complex oxides were obtained by co-precipitation method with the various precipitators and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature nitrogen adsorption and IR spectroscopy. Physical and chemical analysis showed that the choice of precipitant doesn’t significantly affect the phase composition of the perovskites. The catalytic performance of gadolinium cobaltites was discussed. It was found that the use of cobaltites obtained by co-precipitation leads to the inhibition of the side reaction of the reverse steam reforming of carbon monoxide. Finally, the investigation of the used catalysts demonstrated the formation of Gd2O2CO3 and metallic cobalt, which indicates the nature of active centres: gadolinium is the centre of CO adsorption, while hydrogen chemisorption occurs on cobalt-sites.

The effect of strontium substitution in the structure of the complex oxide Gd2SrFe2O7 on the production of light olefins by CO hydrogenation was investigated. Perovskite-type oxides Gd2−xSr1+xFe2O7 (x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4) were synthesized by sol–gel technology and characterized by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, BET specific area, acidity testing, and SEM. The experimental data revealed a correlation between the state of iron atoms, acidity, and catalytic performance. It was found that with an increase in the content of Sr2+ in the perovskite phase, the basicity of the surface and the oxygen diffusion rate increased. This contributed to the CO dissociative adsorption, formation of active carbon, and its further interaction with atomic hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual emotionally charged stimuli have been shown to elicit early electrophysiological responses (e.g., Ihssen, Heim, & Keil, 2007; Schupp, Junghofer, Weike, & Hamm, 2003; Stolarova, Keil, & Moratti, 2006). We presented isolated words to listeners, and observed, using generalized additive modeling, oscillations in the upper part of the delta range, the theta range (Bastiaansen & Hagoort, 2003), and the lower part of the alpha range related to degree of (rated) danger and usefulness (Wurm, 2007) starting around 150 ms and continuing to 350 ms post stimulus onset. A negative deflection in the oscillations tied to danger around 250-300 ms fits well with a similar negativity observed in the same time interval for visual emotion processing. Frequency and competitor effects emerged or reached maximal amplitude later, around or following the uniqueness point. The early effect of danger, long before the words' uniqueness points, is interpreted as evidence for the dual pathway theory of LeDoux (1996). (Contains 6 figures and 1 table.)

Objectives: This study was done to assess the spread of bad habits among juvenile convicts and determine the motives for use and the consequences of addiction. Methods: This study was descriptive and carried out at the Federal State Healthcare Institution. The study group included 106 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Sample selection was based on a multi-stage sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire and changes were made according to the study population it covered all the important aspects of the concept being measured. To analyze data, SPSS software, versio16 was utilized. Results: A total of 92 convicts out of 106 had bad habits. Drugs were taken by 30 adolescents, alcohol use was reported by 72 teenagers, and nine teenagers were smokers. Ten adolescents who took surfactants were registered with the narcologist. Twenty convicts were treated by psychiatrists. Most of the convicts using various psychoactive substances experienced serious learning difficulties and 17 teenagers had aggravated heredity in alcoholism and drug addiction. Discussion: Adolescents admitted to penitentiary institutions are characterized by a significant increase in harmful addictions, which subsequently affect their mental and somatic health and contribute to the formation of an asocial personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the substitution of cobalt into the GdFeO3 perovskite structure on the selective hydrogenation of CO was investigated. A series of GdCoxFe1−xO3 (x = 0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.8; 1) samples were synthesized by sol-gel technology and characterized by XRD, BET specific area, DSC, TG, EDX and XPS. The experimental data made it possible to reveal a correlation between the state of iron and cobalt atoms, the fractions of surface and lattice oxygen, and catalytic characteristics. It has been found that varying the composition of GdCoxFe1−xO3 complex oxides leads to a change in the oxygen-metal binding energy in Gd-O-Me, the ratio of metals in various oxidation states, and the amount of surface and lattice oxygen, which affects the adsorption and catalytic characteristics of complex oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite oxides (ABO3) due to their high thermal stability and the ability to control the physico-chemical properties are considered as an alternative to traditional catalysts containing noble and transition metals. Herein, the recent research breakthroughs of GdCoO3 catalysts in experimental studies are summarized in detail. First, the perovskite-type GdCoO3 complex oxides were obtained by co-precipitation method with the various precipitators and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature nitrogen adsorption and IR spectroscopy. Physical and chemical analysis showed that the choice of precipitant doesn't significantly affect the phase composition of the perovskites. The catalytic performance of gadolinium cobaltites was discussed. It was found that the use of cobaltites obtained by co-precipitation leads to the inhibition of the side reaction of the reverse steam reforming of carbon monoxide. Finally, the investigation of the used catalysts demonstrated the formation of Gd2O2CO3 and metallic cobalt, which indicates the nature of active centres: gadolinium is the centre of CO adsorption, while hydrogen chemisorption occurs on cobalt-sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]