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If we speak about the Smart City’s transport system, autonomous vehicles idea is the first thing that comes to mind. Today, it is strongly believed that the autonomous vehicles’ introduction into the traffic will increase the road safety. However, driverless cars are not the solution by itself. The road safety and, accordingly, sustainability will strongly depend on decision making algorithms inbuilt into the control module. Therefore, the goal of our research is to design and test the data mining algorithm based on Entity–Attribute–Value (EAV) model for decision making in the Intelligent System in the fully- or semi-autonomous vehicles. In this article, we describe the methodology to create 3 main modules of the designed Intelligent System: (1) an Object detection module; (2) a Data analysis module; (3) a Knowledge database built on decision rules generated with the help of our data mining algorithm. To build the Decision Table on the base of the real data, we have tested our algorithm on a simple collection of photos from a Polish two-lane road. Generated rules provide comparable classification results to the dynamic programming approach for optimization of decision rules relative to length or support. However, our decision making algorithm thanks to excluding the mistakes made on the object detection stage, works faster than existing ones with the same level of correctness.

The article describes the ways of industrial development in the era of transition from a linear model of the economy to a circular model, as well as new trends in the development of logistics. It shows the interconnection of processes in production systems, logistics and services, their role in ensuring sustainable green growth. It is shown that by closing the loop of product lifecycles, reverse logistics plays an important role to transitioning to a circular economy. The article presents an example of planning the supply of spare parts when organizing services in foreign markets. Planning is based on multidimensional analysis of failure and modeling data. For this purpose, an information system was developed. The found failure probabilities of units and parts were used to build a model of the reverse logistic chain, within which the parameters of the formation of a reverse flow, differentiated for various operating conditions and vehicle subsystems, were introduced for the first time.

Values are supposed to transcend specific situations and contexts. A country-independent relationship is expected between individual values and aggressive driving. The purpose of this novel study w...

Introduction of new technical solutions and technologies makes technical systems keep up to date and adapt to all changes. The article is devoted to the development of a tool that will help intellectualize strategic planning of the autoservice system development. Today, one of the most effective methods of management intellectualization in large systems is Decision Support System (DSS) based on simulation models and optimization algorithms. Authors propose models that help to improve logistic system of autoservice network through optimization of spare parts deliveries, number of workers and stations in each autoservice center. After verification and validation of the developed model, a computer experiment was conducted with the current parameters taken from the real autoservice network. The obtained simulation values are reliable at a 5% significance level. Suggested models can be used for assessing functioning of the autoservice network as a whole and every autoservice center in particular. This will allow strategic planning for improving and expanding the autoservice network, as well as checking the possibility of reconstruction existing autoservice centers for repair and maintenance of vehicles fueled compressed natural gas.

The purpose of the transport system is providing access to goods, jobs and services. However, the increase in the level of transport services provision is accompanied by negative consequences. Within the concept of sustainable development of urban transport systems, it is necessary to ensure a safe environmental load for people. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the search and testing of methods to correctly estimate the degree of environmental impact by road transport, reducing the environmental burden, and substantiating the rationality of the implementation of the proposed measures for greening transport. As research methods were used: the theory of traffic flows, simulation, computer experiment, methods of direct measurement of environmental emissions on the road segment under study. The use of simulation allows to find an acceptable solution for the volume of exhaust gases and noise pollution, by varying the parameters of the transport system objects (the configuration of the road network, the characteristics and modes of operation of the road infrastructure elements). It is shown that micromodelling is an effective approach, in which the unit of modeling is a separate vehicle. It makes possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the vehicle (current mileage, engine type, environmental safety class), which allows an estimation of the environmental impact of the vehicle fleet operating in the area. Examples of using this approach are given, computer experiments on specific sections of the road network are conducted (in particular at intersections of multi-lane roads with traffic lights, as well as locations of road service facilities, such as gas stations, car parks, etc., which increase the negative environmental impact on the adjacent territory).

One of the priority directions in the development of instrument diagnostics of car engines is test diagnostics. The main advantages of such testing are: significant coverage of the diagnosed engine systems; high informativeness and reliability of the diagnostic process with general simplification of the diagnostic process; reduction in the number of diagnostic parameters. In addition, one can achieve high automation of diagnostic process operations, adaptation of diagnostics interfaces and high intuitive level of functioning algorithms. The authors developed a diagnostic instrumental tool - a loader for gasoline engines (LGE-3), as well as a device for fixing the position of the throttle. The loader of the gasoline engine LGE-3 allows us to create any load and speed mode. Load on the cylinder is provided due to a complete shutdown of fuel in any cylinder and by disabling individual fuel cycles in the selected cylinder. The results of experimental studies on the example of electromagnetic injectors have shown a high efficiency of test diagnostics. The diagnostics modes at 25 and 70% degree of throttle valve opening are designed and recommended.

The article describes the main trends in the field of intellectualization of transport systems and mobility. The possibility of using the Blockchain technology in transport systems is considered. The article proposes to use Blockchain technology for increasing cybersecurity through the creation of a safe and reliable system for sending parameters of the current state of each vehicle using the signals of neighboring vehicles. The authors have developed a tracking system for car actions using the Blockchain system based on the Exonum platform. Mathematical foundations of this system are presented in the article. Data input and confirmation of their acceptance of the transaction is carried out using an Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). ECDSA security is related to the complexity of the private key search task described in the article. This largely relates to the management of large-scale systems, such as transport system. Failure to follow simple rules and recommendations can lead to serious consequences, such as road accidents and congestion. Therefore, the proposed system can assist in making decisions with autonomous cars and in investigating crimes as well as traffic offences.

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of aggressive driving of others on the relationship between self-reported aggressive driving behaviors committed by driver himself/herself and drivers’ aberrant and positive driver behaviors (i.e. errors, violations, and positive driver behaviors) among drivers from Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey as the total sample in order to understand the grand pattern. The other aim was to examine the same moderating role of aggressive driving for each country separately. It was hypothesized that the combination of self-reported of aggressive driving behaviors committed by the driver himself/herself and perceiving aggressive acts of other drivers against them associates with more errors and violations for each country and the total sample. On the other hand, this combination was expected to associate with less positive driver behaviors. Surveys were completed by 743 participants from five countries (i.e., Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey). The Driver Anger Indicators Scale (DAIS) and the short version of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) with items of Positive Driver Behavior Scale were used as measurement tools. Moderation analyses were conducted for the total sample and each country separately. The results of the moderation analyses indicated that there was a moderating role of perceiving other drivers as engaging in aggressive behaviors on the relationship between aggressive behaviors of the driver himself/herself and their errors or violations in the total sample and every country except for Russia. However, the significant interaction between aggressive behaviors committed by the driver himself/herself and other drivers' aggressive acts in traffic was related to more positive driver behaviors for Kosovar drivers and less positive driver behaviors for Russian drivers and the total sample. It could be discussed that the way of understanding aggressive behaviors for self and other related to aberrant and positive driver behaviors in traffic may be important to manage aggression for individual level and country level.

Drivers have an important place in the traffic system when the human factor is taken into consideration. Drivers from different cultures are exposed to different values, norms, and traffic systems, and these differences may form various driver behaviors. Thus, traffic climate and individual values can impact driver behaviors. In this study, the relationships between Schwartz's individual values and traffic climate dimensions were examined. Clusters were then created from the traffic climate dimensions and individual values, and the differences in driver behavior within these clusters were investigated. In order to examine similarities and differences between countries, the results from 5 countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey)are presented. Correlational analyses indicated that, while internal requirements and self-transcendence are positively related in all countries, external affective demands and conservation are positively related in Estonia, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey. Additionally, external affective demands and self-transcendence are positively related in Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey. A three-cluster structure fitted the data well in all of the five countries. Within-country differences were observed in clusters of Russian and Turkish data in terms of driver behaviors. The detailed results are presented and discussed in relation to the literature., European Commission Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [645690]

This paper considers managerial approaches to increase efficiency of the urban transport system such as promotion and integration of sustainable modes of transport, development of public transport route network, renewing the existing vehicle fleet and shift to environmental friendly fuel types in the public transport system. To assess such kind of efficiency, it is proposed to take into account the economic viability of suggested solutions as well as their influence on social sphere, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny (Russia) was chosen for the case study, where the following measures were modelled: changes of bus route network and choice of an optimal fleet on routes depending on passenger flow by hours of day. In addition, the efficiency of these measures were assessed. To evaluate the sustainability of the proposed route network, the method of “radar map” was used, which shows both strengths and weaknesses of selected indicators. Together with this evaluation, analysis of risks in managing the urban bus transportation was carried out.

Governments in every country have made attempts to encourage road safety, and road users’ perceptions of these attempts are crucial to understanding community needs and the effectiveness of road safety initiatives. However, while many studies compare countries with respect to fatality rates or possible causative factors related to these fatalities, little is known about how road users in different countries evaluate and perceive their tangible road environments from their own points of view. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to statistically explore drivers’-motorcyclists’, pedestrians’, cyclists’ and public transport users’ evaluations and perceptions of road infrastructure, trip characteristics and daily trip experiences in Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey. In total, 1221 participants completed a questionnaire battery that included different sets of questions for different types of road users. Chi-Square analysis was used to examine the similarities and differences in the evaluations and perceptions of different road users across five countries. The main findings suggest that all road users across the five countries evaluated environmental characteristics significantly differently from each other. No similar trend could be observed within and between road users and countries. This is a quantitative study that provides descriptive information about road users’ perceptions and evaluations across countries, which can be used for both conceptual and practical purposes. In future studies, this study finding can be used for system-based interventions and may inform government regulation on human or human-environmental interactive factors in order to improve regional and overall road safety.

This study compared pedestrian behaviors in five countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey) and investigated the relationships between these behaviors and values in each country. The study participants were 131 pedestrians for Estonia, 249 for Greece, 112 for Kosovo, 176 for Russia, and 145 for Turkey. The principal component analyses revealed that the four-factor structure of the Pedestrian Behavior Scale (PBS) was highly consistent across the five countries. ANCOVA results revealed significant differences between countries on the PBS items and scale scores. Specifically, Greek and Turkish participants reported transgressive pedestrian behaviors more frequently than Estonian, Kosovar, and Russian pedestrians while Kosovar participants reported transgressive pedestrian behaviors less frequently than Estonian pedestrians. In addition, Turkish and Russian pedestrians reported lapses and aggressive behaviors more frequently than Estonian, Greek, and Kosovar pedestrians. Finally, Turkish and Estonian pedestrians reported positive behaviors more frequently than Kosovar pedestrians. Unexpectedly, the regression analyses showed that values have varying effects on pedestrian behavior in the five countries. That is, context or country may determine the effect of values on pedestrian behaviors. The results are discussed in relation to the previous literature.

The article is devoted to the increase of the cargo vehicles market on the gas-engine fuel. The article considers the relevance of the use of the alternative types of transport’s fuels. As potential energy carriers for internal combustion engines, gas engine fuels are considered. Prospects and problems of using natural gas as motor fuel, as well as ecological and economic aspects of the use of compressed natural gas as fuel for vehicles are presented. Prospects for expanding the market for trucks powered by gas engine fuel are discussed, as well as the advantages of using natural gas as a safe, environmentally friendly and economical type of alternative fuel are considered. It is shown that the main obstacle to the expansion of the gas engine vehicles’ market is the underdevelopment of the infrastructure: filling stations and service centres. The organization of gas-cylinder vehicles (GCV) servicing is considered. The authors have developed an imitation model that allows determining the optimal number of repair stations for the service centre, as well as software for forecasting the required number of automobile gas filling compressor stations (AGFCS).

The twentieth century, which became a period of unprecedented growth of cities and urbanization, revealed the need of mankind to develop and implement the principles of sustainable development. Possible ways to shift to sustainable transport system (such as the use of alternative fuel and transition to public and non-motorized modes of transport) are discussed in this article. The objective of this publication is to assess efficiency of such methods’ implementation on the example of the concrete city. Authors have suggested to change the bus route network, the structure of the bus fleet on the routes and to replace public transport buses by the new ones run on methane. To check these suggestions, authors have built the new one transport model and have simulated three cases: the existing route network and bus fleet’s structure, the proposed new one route network with buses run on diesel fuel and the proposed new one route network with buses run on methane. To evaluate efficiency, authors have assessed economic efficiency, positive social effect, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. Economic efficiency is achieved by reducing overruns and fuel costs thanks to the use of buses run on methane. The social effect is in the reduction of: 1) the delivery time by the route network optimization, 2) the likelihood of traffic jams, and 3) the downtime of buses at the bus stops. Since congestions increase pollutant emissions, route network optimization reduces negative impact on the environment. Replacing public transport buses by the new ones run on methane gives the same positive effect. To assess sustainability of the urban transport city is the most difficult task. The authors have identified indicators and used the radar map to compare possible solutions.

The article provides an analysis of the global trends in the field of city transport systems’ safety. Currently, the efforts to increase the proportion of trips made by foot or by non-motorized transport are being made. That is why the problem of ensuring safety of the most vulnerable road users is relevant. The statistics of traffic accidents with victims, as well as the factors that cause such accidents, is analysed. Simulation has shown that rational management can reduce the likelihood of road traffic accidents.