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In this article, a novel interconnect technology is presented for the cost-effective and flexible design of asynchronous networks-on-chip. It delivers asynchrony in heterogeneous system integration while yielding low-energy on-chip data movement. The approach consists of both a lightweight asynchronous switch architecture (using transition-signaling protocols and bundled-data encoding) and a complete synthesis flow built on top of mainstream industrial CAD tools. For the first time, this article demonstrates compelling area, performance and power benefits when compared to a recent commercial synchronous switch, and the ability of the tool flow to correctly instantiate a complete and competitive network topology.

We introduce the “Formula-1” (F-1) roofline model to understand the role of computing in aerial autonomous machines. The model provides insights by exploiting the fundamental relationships between various components in an aerial robot, such as sensor framerate, compute performance, and body dynamics (physics). F-1 serves as a tool that can aid computer and cyber-physical system architects to understand the optimal design (or selection) of various components in the development of autonomous machines.

It is pertinent to understand the role of factors in the development of the diseases. After careful recognition a healthcare worker can better direct an appropriate treatment response. The bio-psychosocial model showed how biology, psychology and socio-environmental factors play a role in health. In contrast, biomedical model assumed that each occurrence of the disease was a result of deviation of biological molecules inside the body. The bio-psychosocial model is a stronger model focusing more on the person as a whole rather on the illness alone. It has generated a new perception to see the health of the population. It has broadened the horizon of public health agencies to see and examine the illness with a different approach and to provide better results in the preventative approaches. This review highlights the importance of the bio-psychosocial model in public health.

The modern system-on-chip (SoC) of the current exascale computing era is complex. These SoCs not only consist of several general-purpose processing cores but also integrate many specialized hardware accelerators. Three common coherency interfaces are used to integrate the accelerators with the memory hierarchy: non-coherent,coherent with the last-level cache (LLC), and fully-coherent.However, using a single coherence interface for all the accelerators in an SoC can lead to significant overheads: in the non-coherent model, accelerators directly access the main memory, which can have considerable performance penalty; whereas in the LLC-coherent model, the accelerators access the LLC but may suffer from performance bottleneck due to contention between several accelerators; and the fully-coherent model, that relies on private caches, can incur non-trivial power/area overheads. Given the limitations of each of these interfaces, this paper proposes a novel performance-aware hybrid coherency interface, where different accelerators use different coherency models, decided at design time based on the target applications so as to optimize the overall system performance. A new Bayesian optimization based framework is also proposed to determine the optimal hybrid coherency interface, i.e., use machine learning to select the best coherency model for each of the accelerators in the SoC in terms of performance. For image processing and classification workloads, the proposed framework determined that a hybrid interface achieves up to 23 percent better performance compared to the other ’homogeneous‘ interfaces, where all the accelerators use a single coherency model.

Modern systems-on-chip (SoCs) include not only general-purpose CPUs but also specialized hardware accelerators. Typically, there are three coherence model choices to integrate an accelerator with the memory hierarchy: no coherence, coherent with the last-level cache (LLC), and private cache based full coherence. However, there has been very limited research on finding which coherence models are optimal for the accelerators of a complex many-accelerator SoC. This paper focuses on determining a cost-aware coherence interface for an SoC and its target application: find the best coherence models for the accelerators that optimize their power and performance, considering both workload characteristics and system-level contention. A novel comprehensive methodology is proposed that uses Bayesian optimization to efficiently find the cost-aware coherence interfaces for SoCs that are modeled using the gem5-Aladdin architectural simulator. For a complete analysis, gem5-Aladdin is extended to support LLC coherence in addition to already-supported no coherence and full coherence. For a heterogeneous SoC targeting applications with varying amount of accelerator-level parallelism, the proposed framework rapidly finds cost-aware coherence interfaces that show significant performance and power benefits over the other commonly-used coherence interfaces.

In recent years, there has been tremendous advances in hardware acceleration of deep neural networks. However, most of the research has focused on optimizing accelerator microarchitecture for higher performance and energy efficiency on a per-layer basis. We find that for overall single-batch inference latency, the accelerator may only make up 25-40%, with the rest spent on data movement and in the deep learning software framework. Thus far, it has been very difficult to study end-to-end DNN performance during early stage design (before RTL is available) because there are no existing DNN frameworks that support end-to-end simulation with easy custom hardware accelerator integration. To address this gap in research infrastructure, we present SMAUG, the first DNN framework that is purpose-built for simulation of end-to-end deep learning applications. SMAUG offers researchers a wide range of capabilities for evaluating DNN workloads, from diverse network topologies to easy accelerator modeling and SoC integration. To demonstrate the power and value of SMAUG, we present case studies that show how we can optimize overall performance and energy efficiency for up to 1.8-5x speedup over a baseline system, without changing any part of the accelerator microarchitecture, as well as show how SMAUG can tune an SoC for a camera-powered deep learning pipeline., 14 pages, 20 figures

Fats and oils are the most important component of diet because one-fourth of the total per day dietary energy appears to be supplied by these fatty acids. Further randomized trials indicate that olive oil, mustard oil, or rape seed oil may be superior to other oils because these oils in conjunction with fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains have been reported to cause significant decline in cardiovascular events and type 2 diabetes. Olive oil is rich in polyphenols and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whereas canola oil and mustard are rich sources of MUFA and omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to have beneficial effects in the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Rice bran oil contains orygenol, and sesame oil phytosterol which are potential antioxidants causing decline in risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases. Most of the other oils are rich in omega-6 fatty acids which may have adverse effects on pro-inflammatory markers of noncommunicable diseases. Flexed seed oil contains 54% omega-3 fatty acids which may be added in other blends to provide optimal content of these fatty acids. A new blend of fats and oils may be developed by the vegetable oil industry to provide all necessary fatty acids and other potential nutrients in an optimal ratio for health promotion and disease prevention. Stearic acid, a type of saturated fatty acid found in clarified butter, is known to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and has antiplatelet effects; hence a limited amount of butter may be allowed, in subjects with a healthy lifestyle.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) recordings often differ between arms. This study is aimed to observe the presence of inter-arm blood pressure difference and association with hypertension or diabetes. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of an inter-arm blood pressure difference and explore its association with obesity and cardiovascular disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at King George’s Medical College, Lucknow, India among 100 first year MBBS students. After taking verbal consent the age, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and family history of hypertension or diabetes were recorded. Results: The systolic blood pressure on right arm was 118.8±11.5 mmHg and 11.7±7.72 mmHg left arm. Result significantly showed higher mean systolic blood pressure on right arm. There were 54, 17 and 29 participants with inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference of 30). Out of 100 subjects, 11 subject having inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference ≥10 mmHg was associated with a family history of diabetes or hypertension. Conclusions: Presence of inter-arm blood pressure difference with having family history of hypertension or diabetes is more susceptible to develop cardiovascular disorder in future.

According to the report of a global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids. majorities of countries in the world are facing the deficiency of essential fatty acids specially of omega 3, this very low level of essential fatty acid leads to increase global risk for chronic disease. Many reports are published about the role of omega 3 on the immune system in health and in diseases, especially those caused by the excessive inflammatory response. Numerous studies have shown that these compounds are immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive and thus may increase susceptibility to infection. They also manipulate the functions of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes, including T and B cells, NK cells, LAK cells and also T regulatory cells. In this article, we made a simple attempt to elucidate the effect of omega-3 deficiency in our immune system, especially during the virus and other infections. In this period of severe virus infections studies on omega3 and its role in immune is of great Interest.

Flaxseed oil is an excellent source of alpha-linolenic acid ALA known for its antihypertensive action. Flaxseed oil is unstable and its dose is not achievable in our conventional diet hence blending of natural flaxseed oil with palm oil, containing high flavonoids may be a better strategy, to stabilize the blend and provide proper balance of essential fatty acids and potential antioxidant effects. Aim of this study was to access the effect of blended flaxseed oil on 24 h 7-day circadian variations of blood pressure in subjects with essential hypertension. Assessment of CHAT (circadian hyper amplitude tension) using ABPM is the best marker for cardiovascular function. We registered 50 subjects with CAD (Group 1) and 50 subjects with Essential hypertension HT (Group 2) and 52 control subjects with CAD/Hypertension. Group 1 and 2 participant was supplemented with blended flaxseed oil (BFO) (30 ml/day) for the period of 24 weeks, while control group administered available oils sunflower in identical containers, for a follow-up period of 24 weeks. Twenty four hour seven days continuous ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was done initially and after six months of BFO supplementation. There were significant changes noted in lipid profile along with Ambulatory blood pressure parameters like MESOR, ACROPHASE, Hyperbaric Indexes, and CHAT. Circadian hyper amplitude tension (CHAT) incidence decreased after BFO supplementation. Study results suggest that blended flaxseed oil administration can be a potent natural vegetarian antihypertensive supplement which helps in synchronization of cardiac rhythms, and can be used as a preventive treatment of hypertension and as effective vegetarian source of maintaining Omega 3 and omega 6 ratios of essential fatty acids in the body.

Continuous technology scaling has made aging mechanisms, such as negative bias temperature instability and electromigration primary concerns in network-on-chip (NoC) designs. In this paper, we extensively analyze the effects of these aging mechanisms on NoC routers and links. We observe a critical need of a robust aging-aware routing algorithm that not only reduces power-performance overheads caused due to aging degradation, but also minimizes the stress experienced by heavily utilized routers and links. To solve this problem, we propose an aging-aware adaptive routing algorithm and a router microarchitecture that routes the packets along the paths, which are both least congested and experience minimum aging degradation. After an extensive experimental analysis using real workloads, we observe 13% and 12.17% average overhead reduction in network latency and energy–delay product per flit, a 10.4% improvement in performance, and a 60% improvement in mean time to failure using our aging-aware routing algorithm.

Background: Researchers all over the world have independently shown the effect of allicin in reducing blood pressure depends on its extraction and concentration. Among the active constituents in garlic, the principal component is allicin. It is not present in the intact garlic clove but is produced together with pyruvate and ammonia from the odourless precursor alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide) in the presence of the enzyme alliinase; Allin and allinase are found in different compartments of the garlic clove and are brought into contact to produce allicin only by cutting or crushing the clove. If garlic is processed and extracted, using oil, the activity of the sulphur compounds is sealed which could not be readily used by the body. Study aim to use pure raw and active form of sulphur from garlic and observe the effect of associated allicin on hypertensive subjects . Methods: Extracted active sulphur chemicals and allicin from garlic by crushing fresh garlic cloves using water as extracting medium. Raw crushed 25 gm. garlic clove with water was given twice daily to 100 hypertensive subjects, 60 males and 40 females of 30-55 years of age for the period of six months. Health records of each subjects was individually maintained. Blood pressure was measured initially, after three months and finally after six months. Statistically comparison was made between initial, three months and six months blood pressure data of the subjects . Results: This simple extraction method produce allicin yield of 100%, which reduced up to 10% (5mmHg) systolic and diastolic Blood pressure in subjects who were supplemented with garlic–allicin paste . Conclusions: Extraction quality and activity of allicin is dependent of mode of processing and extraction medium. Garlic is a basic food that augments the body health and lowers blood pressure as well as blood cholesterol. Garlic is an ideal herb for several cardiovascular supplements. It would be of value to further examine these effects of allicin in humans with hypertension. Future research will enable in vivo measurement of allicin and its pharmacological properties; physiological effects and mechanisms of action should be investigated further.