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The present study aimed to explore the opportunities for the sustainable development of professional sports enterprises and events from the perspective of the public’s awareness, attitude, and behavior, as well as the physical and mental health of the spectators of professional events in Taiwan. First, 1,129 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed by statistical, t test, and ANOVA methods. In addition, 9 respondents were interviewed to provide their personal opinions on the questionnaire results, and finally, multivariate analysis was conducted. Sports entrepreneurs must follow the decision to prevent the epidemic, make good use of Internet technology, plan a complete process, and use accurate testing facilities to grasp the movements of participants. They will win public recognition to maintain professional sports companies and events in COVID-19 and normal operation under the epidemic and create a sustainable environment for professional sports companies and events.

This study mainly explored the behavioral intention and influencing factors of medical staff toward COVID-19 vaccinations. Medical staff were taken as the research subjects. This study selected 300 research subjects by the intentional sampling method and conducted a questionnaire survey. A total of 260 questionnaires were recovered (a recovery rate of 86%), and the number of valid questionnaires was 212, for an effective questionnaire rate of 81%. SPSS and AMOS were used for statistical analysis. As known from the research results: (1) medical staffs’ perception of COVID-19 vaccinations had a positive and significant impact on their behavioral intention for receiving COVID-19 vaccinations; (2) medical staffs’ perception of COVID-19 vaccinations had a negative and significant impact on the barriers to receiving COVID-19 vaccinations; (3) medical staffs’ motivation of receiving COVID-19 vaccinations had a positive and significant positive effect on their behavioral intention of receiving COVID-19 vaccinations; and (4) medical staffs’ motivation of receiving COVID-19 vaccinations had a positive and significant impact on the barrier to receiving COVID-19 vaccinations.

Small RNA (sRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA, are well-known to control gene expression based on degradation of target mRNA in plants. A considerable amount of research has applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) to reveal the regulatory pathways of plant sRNAs. Consequently, numerous bioinformatics tools have been developed for the purpose of analyzing sRNA NGS data. However, most methods focus on the study of sRNA expression profiles or novel miRNAs predictions. The analysis of sRNA target genes is usually not integrated into their pipelines. As a result, there is still no means available for identifying the interaction mechanisms between host and virus or the synergistic effects between two viruses. For the present study, a comprehensive system, called the Small RNA Illustration System (sRIS), has been developed. This system contains two main components. The first is for sRNA overview analysis and can be used not only to identify miRNA but also to investigate virus-derived small interfering RNA. The second component is for sRNA target prediction, and it employs both bioinformatics calculations and degradome sequencing data to enhance the accuracy of target prediction. In addition, this system has been designed so that figures and tables for the outputs of each analysis can be easily retrieved and accessed, making it easier for users to quickly identify and quantify their results. sRIS is available at http://sris.itps.ncku.edu.tw/.

This study assessed people’s water literacy awareness, attitudes, and behaviors to iden-tify strategies for coping with drought and water scarcity. The data from 653 questionnaires were analyzed by statistical validation and using IBM SPSS 22 and IBM AMOS 26.0. The views of students, housewives, swimming pool owners, schoolteachers, and experts were collected and finally examined by multivariate validation analysis. People have a high level of water literacy and developed sufficient water-saving habits (4.60). Although most people believe that tap water is of good quality, it is difficult to deliver and expensive, and cannot be consumed directly. Even though people are aware of the water shortage crisis, willing to carry water bottles instead of using plastic bottled water, choosing to buy environmentally friendly cleaning products (4.08), performing water conservation behaviors on the go, taking showers within 6–15 min, and taking the initiative to notify the relevant authorities to repair water facilities, the frequency of using bottled water is still high due to work and living habits, consumption ability, and mobility constraints (34.6), and they are less willing to buy products with the “water proficiency label” (4.08) and participate in stream-cleaning activities (3.57). The willingness to participate in water purification activities is low. The public also feels that the government is responsible for solving the current water shortage crisis (3.71). There are significant differences in the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of water literacy among people of different genders, ages, and regions, depending on their work and consumption abilities, quality of life, and convenience (p &lt, 0.05). Increasing water responsibility can enhance environmental management actions, consumer economic actions, and civic actions, while enhancing water perceptions and crisis awareness can further strengthen civic behaviors.

The study was conducted to understand the travel intentions of Dajia Matsu pilgrimage participants through tourism decision making, environmental risk perception, epidemic prevention attitude, and physical and mental health assessment. A questionnaire survey was used to collect 230 questionnaires in the field during the 2021 pilgrimage, and structural analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical programs. The results showed that environmental risk and physical and mental health awareness were not significantly associated with the travel intention of Dajia Matsu pilgrimage participants (p &gt, 0.05), while travel decision and attitude toward epidemic prevention were significantly associated with travel intention (p &lt, 0.05).

The purpose of the study was to examine the leisure constraints and job satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly health care workers. The study employed a mixed research method, utilizing SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical software to analyze 260 questionnaires using basic statistical tests, t-tests, ANOVA tests, and structural equation models, and then interviewed medical and public health workers and experts in the field, and the results were analyzed using multivariate verification analysis. The results showed that there was a significant low correlation between leisure constraints and job satisfaction among middle-aged and elderly health care workers (p &lt, 0.01), interpersonal constraints and external job satisfaction factors were the main influencing factors, improving promotion opportunities and receiving appreciation increased job satisfaction, poor working environment and facilities, as well as the lack of achievement, were the main factors that reduced satisfaction, health factors, a lack of family support, no exercise partner, and a lack of extra budget are the key to leisure constraints. If the organization can provide nearby sports facilities for middle and high-age medical workers, improve welfare, and increase willingness to participate in leisure activities, physical and mental health can be improved. Finally, interpersonal interaction in leisure obstacles is the main reason for improving job satisfaction.

The present study aimed to understand Taiwanese people’s willingness to participate in the travel bubble policy. A mixed research method was used to collect 560 questionnaires, and SPSS 22.0 software was used for the statistical validation and Pearson’s performance correlation analysis. Expert opinions were collected and the results were validated using multivariate analysis. Findings: People were aware of the seriousness of the virus and the preventive measures but were not afraid of the threat of infection. They looked forward to traveling to heighten their enthusiasm, relieve stress, and soothe their emotions. However, the infection and death rates have been high, there have been various routes of infection, and it has been difficult to identify the symptoms. The complex backgrounds of people coming in and out of airports, hotels and restaurants may create pressure on the participants of events. In addition, the flawed policies and high prices resulted in a loss of confidence in the policies and a wait-and-see attitude toward tourism activities. Thus, travel decisions (0.634), physical and mental health assessment (0.716), and environmental risk (−0.130) were significantly (p < 0.05) related to travel intentions, and different issues were affected to different degrees, while health beliefs had no significant effect (p > 0.05).

Climate change affects global crop production year after year. Exploring the impact of different fertilization methods on crop yield stability has become an extremely important topic in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of various fertilization regimes with climate variability on yield stability for sweet corn production in southern Taiwan. Three fertilization treatments composed of chemical fertilizer only (CF), integrated fertilizer (half organic/half chemical fertilizer) (IF), and organic fertilizer only (OF) were implemented from 2009 to 2018 based on the well-maintained soils since 1988. While the same amounts of these fertilizers were applied during the period, we found that different fertilization changed the marketable yields of fresh fruit (ear), which slightly increased for organic fertilizer, but substantially decreased for both chemical (p = 0.0001) and integrated (p = 0.0061) fertilizer. Thus, based on these 10 years of observation, yields among fertilization treatments were analyzed with weather and soil parameters to determine the possible factors involved. Both multiple linear regression equation (p &lt, 0.0001, adj. R2 &gt, 0.57) and regression tree analysis illustrated significantly negative correlations between average ear weight and relative humidity under the chemical fertilizer treatment. In this study, we show for the first time that chemical fertilizer had the lowest yield resilience in response to regional relative humidity change compared to organic and integrated fertilizers. Our results also indicate that specific soil microbes have the potential to help sweet corn face environmental vulnerability in subtropical regions.

Diverse soil microbial community is determinant for sustainable agriculture. Rich microbial diversity has presumably improved soil health for economic crops to grow. In this work, the benefits of paddy-upland rotation on soil microbial diversity and specific microbes are thus intensively explored. The microbiome from multiple factor experiment (three fertilizations coupled with two rotation systems) were investigated by novel enrichment and co-occurrence analysis in a field well maintained for 25 years. Using next-generation sequencing technique, we firstly present explicit evidence that different rotation systems rather than fertilizations mightily governed the soil microbiome. Paddy-upland rotation (R1) obviously increase more microbial diversity than upland rotation (R2) whether organic (OF), chemical (CF) or integrated fertilizers (IF) were concomitantly applied. Besides, the specific bacterial composition dominated in OF soil is more similar to that of R1 than to CF, suggesting that paddy-upland rotation might be the best option for sustainable agriculture if chemical fertilizer is still required. Interestingly, the pot bioassay verified clearly the novel analysis prediction, illustrating that greater microbial diversity and specific microbial composition correlated significantly with disease resistance. This finding highlights the eminence of paddy-upland rotation in promoting microbial diversity and specific microbial compositions, preserving soil health for sustainable agriculture.

The goal is to explore the impact of motivation of participation, involvement, and satisfaction rate of sports App on physical and mental health and analyze the current status of development and trend of sports App. Six hundred and eighty valid questionnaires were analyzed using test statistic, descriptive statistics, and Pearson Product-Moment correlation followed by semistructured interviews to gather the views of the interviewees. Finally, information is integrated, using induction, organization, and analysis in order to explore in a multiple ways of examining. The result discovered that sports App has the characteristics of customization, being topical, having less interference, and able to increase professionalism, fortify skills, promote interaction, enhance confidence, improve mood, and reduce stress. There are also problems of low interactivity, low stimulation, attenuated fun, fatigue accumulation, and increased pressure. If the motivation, involvement, and degree of satisfaction of the participant can be satisfied, the mental feel will be enhanced.

This study takes Taiwan’s Sun Moon Lake Reservoir as the research object to discuss the sustainable development decision-making of the reservoir water source area in the island area. The grounded theory was adopted to construct the framework, 835 questionnaires were analyzed by statistical test, 10 interviewees’ feelings were collected through interviews and discussions, and multiple verification methods were used for exploration. Conclusion: The study found that the current development of the reservoir water source area of the outlying islands has brought much garbage, affecting the quality of the natural environment, lake, and water source, caused the disappearance of distinctive culture and architecture. The poor interaction between businesses and communities has led to an overlap in the types of industries, consumer goods, attractions and a lack of transportation and medical facilities, affecting people’s desire to travel. The government’s future decisions include: Increasing the variety of consumer goods, improving medical and transportation facilities, preserving unique culture and architecture, linking foreign-invested enterprises with community interactivity, enhancing local people’s interaction, and compensating for the deficiencies in human resources for industrial development are the key points for future improvement of the reservoir water source area of the outlying islands.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has become the mainstream approach for monitoring gene expression levels in parallel with various experimental treatments. Unfortunately, there is no systematical webserver to comprehensively perform further analysis based on the huge amount of preliminary data that is obtained after finishing the process of gene annotation. Therefore, a user-friendly and effective system is required to mine important genes and regulatory pathways under specific conditions from high-throughput transcriptome data. EXPath Tool (available at: http://expathtool.itps.ncku.edu.tw/) was developed for the pathway annotation and comparative analysis of user-customized gene expression profiles derived from microarray or NGS platforms under various conditions to infer metabolic pathways for all organisms in the KEGG database. EXPath Tool contains several functions: access the gene expression patterns and the candidates of co-expression genes; dissect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two conditions (DEGs search), functional grouping with pathway and GO (Pathway/GO enrichment analysis), and correlation networks (co-expression analysis), and view the expression patterns of genes involved in specific pathways to infer the effects of the treatment. Additionally, the effectively of EXPath Tool has been performed by a case study on IAA-responsive genes. The results demonstrated that critical hub genes under IAA treatment could be efficiently identified.

The Plant Promoter Analysis Navigator (PlantPAN; http://PlantPAN.itps.ncku.edu.tw/) is an effective resource for predicting regulatory elements and reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks for plant genes. In this release (PlantPAN 3.0), 17 230 TFs were collected from 78 plant species. To explore regulatory landscapes, genomic locations of TFBSs have been captured from 662 public ChIP-seq samples using standard data processing. A total of 1 233 999 regulatory linkages were identified from 99 regulatory factors (TFs, histones and other DNA-binding proteins) and their target genes across seven species. Additionally, this new version added 2449 matrices extracted from ChIP-seq peaks for cis-regulatory element prediction. In addition to integrated ChIP-seq data, four major improvements were provided for more comprehensive information of TF binding events, including (i) 1107 experimentally verified TF matrices from the literature, (ii) gene regulation network comparison between two species, (iii) 3D structures of TFs and TF-DNA complexes and (iv) condition-specific co-expression networks of TFs and their target genes extended to four species. The PlantPAN 3.0 can not only be efficiently used to investigate critical cis- and trans-regulatory elements in plant promoters, but also to reconstruct high-confidence relationships among TF–targets under specific conditions.

Chloroplast movement is important for plants to avoid photodamage and to perform efficient photosynthesis. Phototropins are blue light receptors in plants that function in chloroplast movement, phototropism, stomatal opening, and they also affect plant growth and development. In this study, full-length cDNAs of two PHOTOTROPIN genes, PaPHOT1 and PaPHOT2, were cloned from a moth orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite, and their functions in chloroplast movement were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PaPHOT1 and PaPHOT2 orthologs were highly similar to PHOT1 and PHOT2 of the close relative Phalaenopsis equestris, respectively, and clustered with monocots PHOT1 and PHOT2 orthologs, respectively. Phalaenopsis aphrodite expressed a moderate level of PaPHOT1 under low blue light of 5 μmol�m−2�s−1 (BL5) and a high levels of PaPHOT1 at >BL100. However, PaPHOT2 was expressed at low levels at BL100. Analysis of light-induced chloroplast movements using the SPAD method indicated that orchid accumulated chloroplasts at BL25 and significant chloroplast avoidance movement was observed at >BL100. Virus-induced gene silencing of PaPHOTs in orchids showed decreased gene expression of PaPHOTs and reduced both chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses. Heterologous expression of PaPHOT1 in Arabidopsis phot1phot2 double mutant recovered chloroplast accumulation response at BL5, but neither PaPHOT1 nor PaPHOT2 was able to restore mutant chloroplast avoidance at BL100. Overall, this study showed that phototropins mediate chloroplast movement in Phalaenopsis orchid is blue light-dependent but their function is slightly different from Arabidopsis which might be due to gene evolution.

Background Transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles during plant development and response to environmental stresses. However, the relationships among transcription factors, cis-acting elements and target gene expression under endo- and exogenous stimuli have not been systematically characterized. Results Here, we developed a series of bioinformatics analysis methods to infer transcriptional regulation by using numerous gene expression data from abiotic stresses and hormones treatments. After filtering the expression profiles of TF-encoding genes, 291 condition specific transcription factors (CsTFs) were obtained. Differentially expressed genes were then classified into various co-expressed gene groups based on each CsTFs. In the case studies of heat stress and ABA treatment, several known and novel cis-acting elements were identified following our bioinformatics approach. Significantly, a palindromic sequence of heat-responsive elements is recognized, and also obtained from a 3D protein structure of heat-shock protein-DNA complex. Notably, overrepresented 3- and 4-mer motifs in an enriched 8-mer motif could be a core cis-element for a CsTF. In addition, the results suggest DNA binding preferences of the same CsTFs are different according to various conditions. Conclusions The overall results illustrate this study may be useful in identifying condition specific cis- and trans- regulatory elements and facilitate our understanding of the relationships among TFs, cis-acting elements and target gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4469-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.