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In the article there are considered current requirements for the design of the architectural environment of preschool institutions. These requirements provide conditions ofpreservation and promotion of health ofpreschool children. Among them are: the association of rooms according to a functional purpose; division of children collectives according to the age; rational placement of main rooms for the prevention ofpenetration of noise and pollution; ensuring convenientfunctional connections between different premises and group rooms and the parcel ofpreschool institutions; optimal solution of the light mode; rational air and thermal mode. There are made proposals for the expansion of the list of hygienic principles of the design of buildings of kindergartens: provision of conditions for realization of physical activity of children, the safe use of electronic educational equipment, and the creation of the barrier-free environment. There was established the insufficiency of areas of group rooms for the realization of voluntary motor activity of children in modern kindergartens and the need of the revision of the standard of the area of the group room per one child.

In the article there are presented the results ofphysiological and hygienic evaluation of studies in kindergarten with the use of educational games on an electronic PC tablet. The study involved 44 foster-children. In one of the groups children in the classroom used the interactive game software on electronic PC tablets "Samsung", the same time while working with the PC tablet did not exceed 10 minutes, in the other--the classes were held traditionally. There were investigated the state of health, psychosomatic and psycho-emotional state of children, determined their functional readiness for systematic training in school, mental performance, the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and reactions to a moving object (RDO). Developing ofgame sessions with the use of electronic PC tablets for 10 minutes were established to contribute to the activation of the central nervous system and increase in children resistance to the development of fatigue.

The transition to a new stage of the development - the information society is an objective reality and has an influence on all areas of the activity of the society, including the establishment of a child as an object of the hygienic research. In conditions of the general informatization of the society, the appearance of so-called “clip thinking,” explains the maladjustment of educational technologies to mechanisms of children ’ and teenagers ’perception and is confirmed by the growth of the school pathology and the gain in the morbidity rate. In the investigation on the example of the educational institutions of Irkutsk it was executed the evaluation of the impact of the intensification of informatization of education and personal development. For the investigation there were formed 2 groups ofpreschools with different levels of informatization in the same preschool institution of the central district of the city of Irkutsk but in different periods of time. In total there were observed 211 children aged of 5.5 to 6.5 years. For the study the influence of the intensification (and informatization of training there were formed 2 groups of small schoolchildren with different levels of intensification (and informatization) of education. The total number of cases accountedfor 465 children aged of 7-9 years. There were suggested methodical approaches to the estimation of the health status of the children, with taking into account the inevitable influence offactors of informatization and the intensification of education. The performed investigations have allowed to reveal the following tendencies in the shaping of the psychophysical state of health and development of children: an increase of level of informatization of education and personal and accomplishment; intensification of learning working; reduction of the attention level; imagination and visual divergence; capability to the linear differentiation and construction of inferences; fear to fail to meet the expectations of surrounding people and low resistance to stress; the increase speed of data processing along with fall in quality; the gain in hyperactivity.

The state of health in children and adolescents during the time of education in secondary schools is getting worse: the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases is increasing. There was executed the assessment of the overwroughtness of the training-education process in secondary school institutions. The prior characteristics of the educational activity are: intellectual, sensory, emotional loads; their monotony and mode of educational activity, school work intensity. The system of indices of the overwroughtness of the education labour was formed with account ofpsycho-physiological characteristics of children's organism. There was performed the research of the overwroughtness of educational activity in 820 schoolchildren. The overwroughtness of the educational process was evaluated on the basis of chronometry research, questionnaire survey of teachers and parents, and with taking into account the organization of educational process. In questionnaire survey there were involved 52 teachers and 389 parents. The assessment of overwroughtness factors of the educational activity was carried out in 5-10th classes for academic disciplines: Russian Language, Literature, Mathematics, History, Geography, Foreign Languages. It was found that the characteristics of "mental load" in schoolchildren are established to be the one of the main limiting factors that allow to refer training activities to "overwroughted of first degree" (3.1 class). Sensory loads on the studied academic subjects are rated as the second class of overwroughtness and are "permissible." The monotony of loads was revealed to correspond to 1st and 2nd class of overwroughtness and is therefore an optimal or acceptable. Training activities in the traditional educational institution corresponds to the 2nd class of overwroughtness - "permissible." The arduousness of the educational process in an innovative school is rated as the third class of the first degree ofthe overwroughtness (3.1). According to results of the study of the arduousness of the educational labor the study of mathematics in grades 5-9 on indices of the mental load was noted to correspond to the 1st degree of arduous activity (3.1 class). The acceptable level of the arduousness of the training and educational labour in nearly all classes was established in the Russian language, Literature, History and Geography, Foreign language. High school students are established to be exposed to effects of emotional load more than mid-level students. There are developed proposals on the optimization of the learning process, allowing to reduce the level of intellectual, sensory, emotional load.

The problem of preservation of the health in children and adolescents in the process of education is extremely acute and continues to become more actual, especially in the regions of Far North and equivalent to them areas. In order to implement the effective health-protecting activity in the Komi Republic a complex model for the school activity as Regional Centre of health protection was developed and tested in four pilot areas. Within four years of the implementation there were performed studies on the assessment of the effectiveness of the work of schools in conditions of the model. In the article there are presented some results of the performed investigations.

Prevention measures are relevant for children and adolescents as among them there is the high prevalence of leading risk factors for chronic diseases. For the improvement of the preventive work it is necessary the introduction of amendments into the legislative documents and orders of the Ministry of Health, governing health care for children and adolescents in educational organizations. The consistent methodology for primary health care must be provided with the appropriate protocols. It is necessary to perform the systematic work on the reduction of the prevalence of risk factors for children's health and a healthy lifestyle. The number of doctors and nurses in the preschool and educational institutions is insufficient, and in organizations of primary and secondary vocational education is disastrous. Medical personnel departments of medical assistance to students due to the excessive load is not capable to fufill all of their functional responsibilities. Due to the low wages there is a constant reduction of health workers in schools and kindergartens. In the paper there are proposed measures aimed at improving the quality of preventive work in educational organizations.

During the last decade the quality of children's health declined, the level of children's aggression and aggressiveness increased. The consistent trend to increasing the quantity of children with the signs of motor disinhibition in different forms and manifestations was noted. In a study on the example of educational institutions of Irkutsk there was made an assessment of the impact of the intensification and informatization of education and up-bringing with the use of the index of the level of informatization. In preschool children over the information period mental performance was found to be characterized by an increase in the speed and decline in the quality of information processing, there are dominated increased aggressive background and unmotivated fears "out home", there are reduced values of endurance ratio of the cardiovascular system, higher levels of morbidity rate were noted. There was proposed a hygienic assessment of informatization of education and up-bringing with the use of the index of the level of informatization.

Background: The understandability and readability of the text are significant indicators of evaluation of textbooks., Objective: The aim of the study - rationale of improving the readability and understandability of textbooks., Methods: 60 modern textbooks for 5-11th classes on History, Physics, Biology and 23 textbooks of 1960-1980's edition. Flesch index was used to assess the readability, Fogh index - to evaluate understandability., Results: The readability and understandability of texts in textbooks of 1960-1980's and modern editions have no differences and show the same complexity of old and modern textbooks for students. The indicator of understandability of textbooks for primary classes corresponds to age norm and is 4.4±0.2 points. The indicator of readability for these books is less age norm and is 53.8±2.9 points, which increases the physiological cost of educational activities of children of primary school age. Children's readability and understandability of school textbooks are a significant factor of intensity of training activities and can be objectively assessed by Flesch and Fogh indices, that it is appropriate for an objective hygienic assessment of the tension of the educational activities for children., Conclusion: The main direction of optimization of the tension of educational activity is to reduce the intellectual and emotional loads in children by increasing the easiness of reading textbooks due to their compliance with the age peculiarities of students.

In the national strategic documents of the Russian Federation's leading destination for health development in the coming years is preventive. In this connection it seems to be necessary to study the causes of the impairment of the formation of morphological and functional indices in today's schoolchildren, the establishment of controlled factors in educational institutions and the substantiation of the system of preventive measures for children and adolescents. The performed study of the physical development of Moscow schoolchildren revealed the discoordination of the morphofunctional development. Besides that there were revealed factor-forming morphofunctional state in children and adolescents. The results of performed studies allowed us to formulate preventive recommendations aimed at optimization of the morphofunctional state of the organism of schoolchildren.

A methodical approach to the hygienic assessment of the educational environment in children's educational institutions was developed and tested for the objective determination of the level ofsanitary and epidemiological welfare and effective planning of preventive measures with bearing in mind environmental factors which have the most negative impact on children's health.

A comparative study of the reading process and the efficacy of memory acquisition when using the reader and the paper carrier was performed in 16 3rd class pupils. Process indices show a preference for reading from the reader screen if compared to a sheet of paper. In this the gradient of the gain in mistakes is more pronounced while reading from the reader screen, that indicates to the stumbling block of the task and the psychophysiological cost of process of reading from the reader. Evaluation of the results on the efficacy of the memory function showed significant difficulty of memory acquisition when working with reader.

The National Strategy defines the main directions and objectives of public policy in the interests of children and the key mechanisms for its implementation. The strategy is based on the universally recognized principles and norms of international law. Implementation of the National Strategy will be realized in the following areas: Family Child Welfare Policy, availability to quality education and training, cultural development, and information security of children, child-friendly health care, and healthy lifestyle; equal opportunities for children in need of special care of the State, the creation of protection and safeguarding the rights and interests of children and child-friendly justice, and children - members of the realization of National Strategy. School health care is intended to be actively involved in two directions: availability to quality education and training, cultural development, and information security of children, health care, child-friendly and healthy lifestyle. The main tasks in the part of hygiene and children's health are: state support for the construction of new preschool educational institutions and the development of all forms of safe preschool education, including non-state sector, providing for every upperclassman safe choice of training profile corresponding to his inclinations and life plans, as well as the functional possibilities and health state; providing quality psychological, correctional and pedagogical aid to children in educational institutions; renewal of forms and methods of control of child neglect, drug addiction, alcoholism, crime, prostitution; the development of effective mechanisms in prevention of deviant behavior in childhood; the creation and implementation of training programs for children and adolescents on rules of safety behavior in the World Wide Web, prevention of Internet addiction; the introduction of the system for monitoring of the educational environment; the creation of portals and sites accumulating the information about best resources for children and parents. Creation child-friendly health care is provided by: improvement of the regulatory and legal framework in the area of the healthcare of children, the development of technologies for complex diagnosis and early medical and social care for children with deviations in development and health, development of adolescent medicine, creation of the Youth Counselling Centres, centers for reproductive health care for adolescents and centers for medical and social care for adolescents; implementation of educational work on the prevention of early pregnancies and abortions in minors; support for successfully realized projects for creation friendly to children and young people clinics in the regions; restoring medical offices in educational institutions, the encouragement of responsibility of health staff in medical institutions in delivery of health care to children, available developed network of institutions, including telephone emergency services, counseling online, providing help to children and adolescents to will protect children in hardship. Availability of physical culture and sports, tourism infrastructure for all children with bearing in mind their individual needs, increasing the proportion of children and adolescents regularly engaged in physical culture and sport, will meet natural biological move requirements of children.

Muscle strength of the hands (carpal dynamometry)--is an integral indicator of the functional state of the nervous and muscular systems of the child, as well as the index of fitness and stamina. The drop in functional indices of children has been noted by many researchers from different regions of Russia. In this study, an analysis of endogenous and exogenous factors in children and adolescents with different muscle strength has been performed. The level of the biological development, especially in adolescence, was found to have a significant impact on the muscle strength. The reduction in muscle strength in pupils is due to exogenous factors, such as low physical activity, high study loads.

For the time present becoming more common semiconductor sources of artificial lighting has become a more and more frequent practice. With the aim to study the impact of LEDs on the health of schoolchildren studies in experimental conditions (specially equipped classrooms) were performed. The comparative analysis of the state of vision, mental health and emotional state of pupils in primary, middle and high schools under fluorescent and LED lighting, meeting to the regulatory requirements, has revealed that the physiological cost of schooling in the use of LED units in classrooms is lower than in a traditional, fluorescent lighting.

A comparison of the legibility of the three different media: paper personal computer (LCD) and the e-reader in schoolchildren (12-14 years of age) was performed. Comprehensive assessment of the reading performance (speed of reading aloud, the number of errors in reading, and integral indicator of the degree of difficulty of visual task), its physiological value (according to data of EEG, EOG and ECG), and subjective preference of type of media by the schoolchildren showed that by the sum of signs e-reader occupies an intermediate position between printed text and the computer screen. The effect of increased emotional intensity of using e-reader (increased motivation), which is manifested in the preservation of the sympathetic nervous system activation after the reading, was obtained. The necessity of additional research has been shown.

Socioeconomic transformations and the poor environment of an industrial megalopolis negatively affected quality of life and morbidity rates in students (n = 2160). Academic intensity contributed to an increase in overall morbidity and morbidity from nervous system involvement. The regional sociohygienic monitoring of high-school training conditions within the framework of the surveillance system substantiates programs to prevent worse health and life quality in high school students.

In modern social economic and ecologo-hygienic conditions of big cities all age groups of children and adolescents aged 8-15 years present a significant decrease of functional indicators (muscle force of the right hand) in comparison with their peers of 60s and 80s of the XX century. The similar findings occur in other regions and age groups. The analysis of the reasons of this phenomenon is one of key problems for researches.

The problems that have a considerable impact on health in population groups of all ages but on that of adolescents in particular, have been formed during the complex and unstable situation in Russia and with high morbidity rates among the children, adolescents, and young people. Power bodies, concerned ministries, agencies, and nongovernmental organizations show no consistency of actions in elaborating and implementing programs and measures to prevent and correct adolescents' health and developmental disorders. The foregoing suggests that the "dolescents' Health and Development in Russia" strategy that considers Russian and international experience with the rising generation's health care is urgent. The paper presents basic principles, study areas, and indicators of the expected efficiency of the complex activities of ministries, agencies, governmental and public organizations, medical and pedagogical communities for ensuring normal development and health promotion for the adolescents.

To estimate the possibilities of using light-emitting diode energy-saving lighting in the residential and public houses, industrial buildings and structures is one of society's most important tasks. The concept of these researches was to study comparative psychophysiological and functional changes in the volunteers working under general lighting generated by light-emitting diodes and luminescent lamps. The results of the study permit one to recommend the use of light-emitting diodes in general lighting systems in the rooms wherein visual and mental load work is done, i.e. in the industrial, office, and public buildings intended for adult users for different purposes, as well as in rail transport objects.

Physical development was assessed in 2329 Moscow schoolchildren and 1433 Kiev ones aged 8 to 11 and 15 to 17 years. The Moscow and Kiev children aged 8 to 11 years did not differ in the basic anthropometric indices of physical development and force capacities. Gracilization processes were prevalent in the Kiev schoolchildren. Statistically significant differences were established in respiratory capacities: lung capacity was significantly higher in the Moscow children aged 8 to 10 years than in the Kiev ones of their age. Climatic and geographical features were found in the physical development of the Kiev teenagers: significantly higher chest circumference was observed in 15-16-year-old girls and 15-year-old boys than in the Moscow children of the same age. It is stated that the force capacities of the Kiev teenagers were significantly lower in all age-sex groups than in the Muscovites of the same age. It is proposed to activate preventive measures aimed at enhancing the functional capacities of the cardiorespiratory system primarily in the children living in Kiev.

The problems pertaining to the safety of information and communication technologies used in the spheres of education and leisure activities of children and adolescents are discussed. The relevant risk factors are identified. Results of physiological and hygienic studies for substantiating regulations of continuous work with a personal computer are presented taking into account the children's age and hygienic requirements to electronic teaching aids.

The paper presents data on the history of foundation of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. The Institute is reported to have established to study the influence of factors of the vital activity environment and the health status and capability of children and adolescents, and the development, on this basis, of measures aimed at maintaining and promoting the health status of the rising generation. The Institute is the only research establishment of this profile in the Russian Federation, the leading scientific institution on this problem. Since 2000, the Institute has been the national center for supporting the European network of health promotion schools. By taking into account the tasks posed by hygienic science and practical health care, the Institute has developed a research concept stemming from the peculiarities of the body at each stage of development and, in this connection, hygienic standards and regulations in terms of the sex, age, health status, and achieved development of a child. The paper lists research areas, teaching points of cardinal problems of childhood hygiene, such as adaptation, hygienic rationing. The Institute took part in the development of hygienic standards, a new basic school-based educational program, and the Law on State Educational Standard. Research developments obtained from the Institute's multidimensional studies are outlined. The specialists of the Institute are actively involved in the activity of international medical associations.

The presented materials are the result of many years' observations of the growth and development of Moscow senior adolescent schoolchildren, by revealing main trends in their physical development. By using the representative material (more than 2.5 thousand persons), the authors consider the trend in the physical development of 16-17-year-old adolescents examined in 1960-2007 by the strictly unified program. The physical development of Moscow adolescents has been recently characterized by: 1) neither increment in size signs no cardinal changes in the level of biological maturity; 2) a fall in the proportion of persons with normal physical development and a rise in the number of deviations (particularly in young males due to overweight); 3) a progressive reduction in strength capacities.

This paper summarizes results of research carried out at the Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents during the last 15 years. Specifically, it presents data of longitudinal studies involving 1-5-form schoolchildren residing in Moscow. Dynamic studies of morbidity and physical development in 1-2-grade schoolchildren suggest stressful effect of adaptation to increasing teaching loads. In-depth studies of senior schoolchildren conducted in 1989-2005 revealed long-standing unfavourable trends in their health status including marked deterioration of functional activities and physical development, increased prevalence of chronic diseases, and changes in the overall morbidity structure. Main schooling-dependent risk factors are identified, such as excess academic loads and authoritarian teaching style (responsible for psychoemotional stress), hypokinesia, and malnutrition during school hours. Incidence of certain diseases and functional disorders among adolescents is shown to correlate with the use of alcohol and tobacco.

Regional modified regression scales, complex schemes, and centile tables are highly informative regional norms-based tools employed in the preventive maintenance system. It is shown that estimates of physical development in preschool and school children groups obtained by these methods are closely related to the sanitary and epidemiological welfare in different types of educational institutions, completeness of implementation of preventive and curative measures, factors characterizing early childhood and quality of children's life, socio-psychologic family portraits. The use of regional modified regression scales and complex schemes revealed significant relationship of physical development indices and distribution of children between health groups. It is concluded that methods allowing for comprehensive evaluation of physical development ensure collection of the most valuable information during preventive examination.

Children and adolescents spend most of their time at school. Hence, the importance of cause and effect relationship in the "child's health-organization of academic activity" system especially because innovative approaches to teaching are being offered to children many of whom have serious health problems. New schooling standards are intended to improve the quality of school education, prepare children to integration into community life, promote their health, and provide psychological comfort during school years. Realization of the newly proposed curricula is impossible unless hygienic requirements for safe school environment are fulfilled. These requirements must be constituent components of new schooling standards and cover the totality of programs, methods, technologies, and training appliances as well as ambient conditions (school buildings, light, air, and heat regimes), arrangements for catering, motor activity, and leisure.

The Institute was founded to study effects of environmental factors on the health status and day-to-day activities of children and adolescents in organized groups and to use the data obtained for the elaboration of measures for the protection and promotion of their health. The Institute is up to now the sole research institution of this kind in the Russian Federation entitled to coordinate problem-solving efforts on a national scale. Since 2000, it has been functioning as the National Centre for support of the European network of health promoting schools. The Institute developed a concept of research designed to resolve topical problems facing hygienic science and practical health service; it implicates elaboration of hygienic norms and regulations taking into account age, sex, health status, and the level of mental and physical development of individual children. The main lines of research carried out at the Institute are listed with special reference to the theoretical aspects of such cardinal problems of child hygiene as adaptation, hygienic regulation and standardization, etc. The Institute participated in the development of a new basic curriculum and the state education standard law. The authors present results of multidisciplinary research and developments obtained at the Institute. Specialists of the Institute are involved in the work of international scientific societies.

Optimization of the educational environment under the present-day conditions has been in progress, by using learning techwares (LTW) without fail. To organize and regulate an academic process in terms of the safety of applied LTW, there is a need for their classification. The currently existing attempts to structure LTW disregard hygienically significant aspects. The task of the present study was to substantiate a LTW safety criterion ensuring a universal approach to working out regulations. This criterion may be the exposure intensity determined by the form of organization of education and its pattern, by the procedure of information presentation, and the age-related peculiarities of a pupil, i.e. by the actual load that is presented by the product of the intensity exposure and its time. The hygienic classification of LTW may be used to evaluate their negative effect in an educational process on the health status of children and adolescents, to regulate hazardous factors and training modes, to design and introduce new learning complexes. The structuring of a LTW system allows one to define possible deleterious actions and the possibilities of preventing this action on the basis of strictly established regulations.

The major factors forming the environment of a current megapolis, such as man-made pollution, planting of trees and bushes (outbuilding and street plantings, proximity to the large forest tracts), and improvement of microdistricts (the presence of playgrounds equipped in compliance with the age-related and physiological and hygienic requirements), on the health status of children. The comprehensive evaluation of the physical development and the health status of schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years shows that the children who live at equal distances from the major source of environmental pollution and have the equal social status and the identical level of health care, but differing in the remoteness from the large forest tract and in the improvement of planting of trees and bushes in the playgrounds they have significant differences in the physical development, overall morbidity, and the prevalence rates of chronic diseases. While planning the playgrounds of the micro-districts and outbuilding areas, it is necessary to draw up hygienic regulations of their improving and planting.

During a natural hygienic experiment, the physical development, psychomotor activity, exercise performance, and readiness were evaluated in 6-year-old children, in whom physical education had been organized by routine and experimental programs, including health-improving swimming in the indoor pool of a preschool educational establishment. Exercises built up on the principle of plot-role playing games, by using the developing corrective exercises and psychological and pedagogical escort, were established to be highly effective. The proposed methods contribute to the timely harmonious development of a child, his movement characteristics, positively affect the neurofunctional status, by ensuring the optimum psychomotor development, and maintain a high exercise performance.

The paper presents the currently available methods for assessing the health status of children and adolescents, the basic principles in the organization and performance of prophylactic examinations in children, including the assessment of their physical fitness, as well as the methods and criteria for assessing the phychophysiological development of adolescents, their social adaptability and autonomic stability. It also contains the currently used basic criteria for assessing the health status of children, as well as their health groups. The high effectiveness of children's health promotion in educational establishments can be achieved, by applying the basic principles in the organization and implementation of prophylactic and health-promoting measures.

Retarded biological maturation, disharmonic and severely disharmonic morphofunctional status, the minimum thickness of fatty folds, decreased and low muscular force of the hands, delayed processes of secondary dentition concurrent with caries are shown to be prenosological criteria for osteopenia, impaired bone mineralization in children. Monitoring of children's health should include the assessment of physical development by the complex procedure supplemented by examination of somatoscopic signs.

The drastic urbanization of modern society, the wide use of new teaching methods and programs at the educational establishments, the emergence of new types of pre-school educational institutions (PEI), the change of age-specific composition of children in both PEI and educational establishments require that new documents on the basic types of educational establishments should be worked out. The financing of work into preparing sanitary legislative documents has not been solved so far. In connection with the adoption of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation", while preparing the technical regulations, society is to guarantee a child the development environment, good growth conditions, including the optimum level of functions.

The specific features of physical and mental development, health status, and lifestyle were found in orphans of sensitive age under the present socioeconomic conditions. The specific features of the adaptive capacities were first studied in these children. Abnormalities in the physical development and health status of orphans were shown to form under their institutional conditions of life, nutrition, and education, and upbringing. Guidelines for medical workers of orphan's institutions and for workers of sanitary-and-epidemiological service are substantiated.

A dynamic description of teenagers' health status in the Russian Federation is presented in the article over a period of 40 years. A pronounced increasing proliferation of impaired functions and a prevalence of chronic pathologies in children were outstripping the growth rates; a worsening health condition in children revealed through a sharply reduced quantity of healthy children and a bigger share of chronically sick children; a changed structure of prevalence of functional disorders and of chronic pathologies among children reflecting, to a certain extent, the negative impact produced by the social as well as by ecological-and-hygienic conditions of contemporary life of schoolchildren; as well as a pronounced influence exerted by such significant factors, as social well-being, an intensified educational process and a premature labor occupation of children, on the evolution of children's health can be attributed to specific features of the build-up of children's health during different time periods under the conditions of today. The negative dynamics of the health status in children of the country necessitated a decision on reforming the provision of teenagers with medical care and on creating a system of continuous medical check-ups for them. Various forms of medical care as applicable to teenagers are analyzed.

The continuous education concept presupposes that a person is educated during his or her entire conscious lifetime. The pedagogical education model is made use of at the higher-school stage; while at the postgraduate stage, the andragogic model must be involved. The andragogics is a branch of science, according to which the leading role belongs to the person who is educated. He or she contributes extensively to the planning, organization, implementation, assessment and amendment of the educational process. Such process is translated into reality at the chair for hygiene of children and teenagers in accordance with the State Standard of postgraduate professional training of experts with higher medical education in the sphere of "hygiene of children and teenagers". The defined educational levels as well as psycho-physiological and specific features of the educating staff are a basis for a individual approach to them. Not only hygienists but also pediatricians and attending doctors from the chair for family life are trained at the above-mentioned chair. The diversity of training appicable to medical personnel of different categories necessitates serious educational-and-methodolgical measures.

The article presents main causes of stress within school education. Ability to work and health state of schoolchildren appeared to be disordered by study overload, authoritarian teaching style, traditional exams and underdeveloped significant mental skills at the study beginning.