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Nosocomial resistance in staphylococci and enterococci is challenging. The aim of this work was to conduct a multipoint study using molecular detections, antimicrobial resistances profiles, patient demographics and disease patterns for objective assessments of Staphilococcus aureus and other Gram-positive pathogens recovered from clinical infections in the Ha'il region. We have surveyed 188 non-duplicate Gram-positives against 22 antimicrobials for molecular-differentiation, resistance, patient demographics, and disease patterns from January–April 2021. According to definitions for acquired resistance, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent with multidrug resistant (65.4%), where MRSA was 60% (n = 72 out of 121). In age-identified patients, 43% were seniors ≥50 years, 38% 21–49 years, and 19% 0–20 years. In gender-identified patients, 63% were males, and 37% were females. While 25% of specimens were from the ICU, the majority (60%) of specimens were from surgical infection in other wards. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the second (15.4%) species of infection identified with 81% from bloodstream infections at the ICU and other wards. The majority of S. epidermidis patients (69%) were seniors ≥50 years, while other age groups 0–20 and 21–49 each had 14% isolates. Although S. epidermidis was multidrug-resistant, it was susceptible to many drugs. Enterococcus faecalis (13%) ranked third with two major infections; bloodstream (64%) and urinary-tract infections (36%) in mainly seniors (86%). Its isolates were fully resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime but nearly 100% susceptible to seven others. Other Gram-positive bacteria (6%) were susceptible to many antibiotics. The use of combinations of objective criteria is a well thought out approach in infection control. While the low-frequency of Gram-positives is an impressive achievement, future large-scale investigations should include all private hospitals, clinics and other cities over a longer sampling time to gain more insights. Although geriatric susceptibility can be justified by age and comorbidities, the staphylococcal infections in young adults and children is a global concern and warrants more vertical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies suggest that Olives bioactive compounds are very important and mainly associated with cancer fight. They can suppress tumor growth through the direct interaction with several important proteins which are directly associated with tumor associated pathways such as P53, P16, P21, BCL2, BAX, MDM2, MMP2 and MMP9 proteins. The main aim of the present work is to perform a docking analysis of the Olives bioactive compounds with tumor-associated proteins. To do that, we first retrieved all the known structures of Olive bioactive compounds using different available online databases. Next, we analyzed these structures using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2010, 4.2.0) software. Further, we narrowed four important compounds (namely, Deacetoxyoleuropein aglycone, Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Erlotinib) of Olive bioactive compounds that showed very distinguished properties. The ADME properties of these four compounds were predicted based on Lipinski's rule of five. The active sites of the very widely known tumor-associated proteins (P53, P16, P21, BCL2, BAX, MDM2, MMP2 and MMP9) were explored using MVD software. Finally, the active sites of these proteins were docked with the above mentioned four compounds. Based on the docking study, it was concluded that Deacetoxyoleuropein Anglican showed strong inhibition with EGFR, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized pathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques, extensive neuronal death, and shrinkage of the brain. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) can function as a metalloprotein and modulate copper transport via its extracellular copper binding domain (CuBD). CuBD of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) can strongly bind Cu(II) and reduce it to Cu(I) this can lead to increased copper-mediated neurotoxicity in cultured neurons (White et al. 1999a), presumably through increased oxidative stress or the generation of reactive oxygen species. Role of metal ions in drug targeted proteins such as copper, zinc, and calcium will be discovered in this work. Therefore, anti-aggregatory agents like metal chelators such as Deferiprone, Memantine, Curcumin, Clioquinol and Chrysamine- G have been used in our study which will remove metal ion and thus reducing aggregation of Aβ peptide. In this proposed work, we will build quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, with known experimentally verified inhibitors have inhibitory value IC50 against APP. We will dock these inhibitors at the active site of APP using AutoDock software or Molecular Virtual Docker (MVD), which results an energy-based descriptors for QSAR modeling. Multiple Linear Regression models will be generated using energy-based descriptors and inhibitory value IC50, which yield correlation coefficient. Further, new derivatives of potent natural compounds will be identifying using PubChem compound database and dock with active site of APP protein structure. After docking, new compounds having lower binding energy even lower than standard control Drug with APP will be selected as potential candidate drugs for Alzheimer's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, nerve conduction, organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues in blood and cholinesterase activity levels of pesticide sprayers employed in mango plantations at Lucknow, North India, were determined. Fifty-two sprayers from mango plantations who regularly spray mixture of pesticides like organophosphates (OP), OCs, and carbamates were considered as exposed group. Eighteen subjects with similar socio-economic status of exposed group, who do not handle pesticides, were selected as controls. Questionnaire-based interviews related to personal and occupational histories of the study subjects were carried out. Sprayers did not use any personal protective equipment during pesticide handling. The blood-pesticide analyses of sprayers show higher mean values of hexachlorohexane (HCH), γ-HCH, δ-HCH, total HCH, op-DDT compared with the controls. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activites were significantly reduced among sprayers. Risk of motor nerve conduction deficits was observed in sprayers with low AChE activity. Negative correlation of motor and sensory nerve conduction deficits was observed with the duration of exposure and age among sprayers. The study demonstrated that the prolonged exposure to mixture of pesticides, ergonomic factors, decline in cholinesterase activity may lead to nerve conduction dysfunction. The findings suggest the need for controlled use of pesticides in the plantation and indicated the need for training and implementation of hygiene practices like proper usage of personal protective equipments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]