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2. Evolutionary and geographical history of the Leishmania donovani complex with a revision of current taxonomy

Author

Lukeš, Julius, Mauricio, Isabel L, Schönian, Gabriele, Dujardin, Jean-Claude, Soteriadou, Ketty, Dedet, Jean-Pierre, Kuhls, Katrin, Tintaya, K Wilber Quispe, Jirků, Milan, Chocholová, Eva, Haralambous, Christos, Pratlong, Francine, Oborník, Miroslav, Horák, Aleš, Ayala, Francisco J, and Miles, Michael A

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Biotechnology, Genetics, Vector-Borne Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Biological Evolution, Genetic Markers, Genetic Speciation, Geography, Leishmania donovani, Time Factors, Leishmania infantum, leishmaniasis, parasitic protozoa, phylogeny, population genetics
Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread severe disease, with an increasing incidence of two million cases per year and 350 million people from 88 countries at risk. The causative agents are species of Leishmania, a protozoan flagellate. Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease, lethal if untreated, is caused by species of the Leishmania donovani complex. These species are morphologically indistinguishable but have been identified by molecular methods, predominantly multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. We have conducted a multifactorial genetic analysis that includes DNA sequences of protein-coding genes as well as noncoding segments, microsatellites, restriction-fragment length polymorphisms, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs, for a total of approximately 18,000 characters for each of 25 geographically representative strains. Genotype is strongly correlated with geographical (continental) origin, but not with current taxonomy or clinical outcome. We propose a new taxonomy, in which Leishmania infantum and L. donovani are the only recognized species of the L. donovani complex, and we present an evolutionary hypothesis for the origin and dispersal of the species. The genus Leishmania may have originated in South America, but diversified after migration into Asia. L. donovani and L. infantum diverged approximately 1 Mya, with further divergence of infraspecific genetic groups between 0.4 and 0.8 Mya. The prevailing mode of reproduction is clonal, but there is evidence of genetic exchange between strains, particularly in Africa.

Published
2007

12. Microsatellite based molecular epidemiology of Leishmania infantum from re-emerging foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Armenia and pilot risk assessment by ecological niche modeling

Author

Kuhls, Katrin, primary, Moskalenko, Olga, additional, Sukiasyan, Anna, additional, Manukyan, Dezdemonia, additional, Melik-Andreasyan, Gayane, additional, Atshemyan, Liana, additional, Apresyan, Hripsime, additional, Strelkova, Margarita, additional, Jaeschke, Anja, additional, Wieland, Ralf, additional, Frohme, Marcus, additional, Cortes, Sofia, additional, and Keshishyan, Ara, additional

Published
2021
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13. Integrative Approach to Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908: First Record in Vienna with New Morphological and Molecular Insights

Author

Kniha, Edwin, primary, Dvořák, Vít, additional, Halada, Petr, additional, Milchram, Markus, additional, Obwaller, Adelheid G., additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Schlegel, Susanne, additional, Köhsler, Martina, additional, Poeppl, Wolfgang, additional, Bakran-Lebl, Karin, additional, Fuehrer, Hans-Peter, additional, Volfová, Věra, additional, Mooseder, Gerhard, additional, Ivovic, Vladimir, additional, Volf, Petr, additional, and Walochnik, Julia, additional

Published
2020
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17. Identification of geographically distributed sub-populations of Leishmania (Leishmania) major by microsatellite analysis

Author

Schwenkenbecher Jan, Razakov Shavkat A, Kovalenko Dmitri A, Strelkova Margarita V, Schnur Lionel F, Wirth Thierry, Müller Michaela, Diezmann Stephanie, Al-Jawabreh Amer, Kuhls Katrin, and Schönian Gabriele

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Leishmania (Leishmania) major, one of the agents causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in humans, is widely distributed in the Old World where different species of wild rodent and phlebotomine sand fly serve as animal reservoir hosts and vectors, respectively. Despite this, strains of L. (L.) major isolated from many different sources over many years have proved to be relatively uniform. To investigate the population structure of the species highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were employed for greater discrimination among it's otherwise closely related strains, an approach applied successfully to other species of Leishmania. Results Multilocus Microsatellite Typing (MLMT) based on 10 different microsatellite markers was applied to 106 strains of L. (L.) major from different regions where it is endemic. On applying a Bayesian model-based approach, three main populations were identified, corresponding to three separate geographical regions: Central Asia (CA); the Middle East (ME); and Africa (AF). This was congruent with phylogenetic reconstructions based on genetic distances. Re-analysis separated each of the populations into two sub-populations. The two African sub-populations did not correlate well with strains' geographical origin. Strains falling into the sub-populations CA and ME did mostly group according to their place of isolation although some anomalies were seen, probably, owing to human migration. Conclusion The model- and distance-based analyses of the microsatellite data exposed three main populations of L. (L.) major, Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa, each of which separated into two sub-populations. This probably correlates with the different species of rodent host.

Published
2008
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18. Leishmania infections: Molecular targets and diagnosis

Author

Akhoundi, Mohammad, primary, Downing, Tim, additional, Votýpka, Jan, additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Lukeš, Julius, additional, Cannet, Arnaud, additional, Ravel, Christophe, additional, Marty, Pierre, additional, Delaunay, Pascal, additional, Kasbari, Mohamed, additional, Granouillac, Bruno, additional, Gradoni, Luigi, additional, and Sereno, Denis, additional

Published
2017
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20. Epidemiological analysis of Leishmania tropica strains and giemsa-stained smears from Syrian and Turkish leishmaniasis patients using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT)

Author

Karakuş, Mehmet, primary, Nasereddin, Abed, additional, Onay, Hüseyin, additional, Karaca, Emin, additional, Özkeklikçi, Ahmet, additional, Jaffe, Charles L., additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Özbilgin, Ahmet, additional, Ertabaklar, Hatice, additional, Demir, Samiye, additional, Özbel, Yusuf, additional, and Töz, Seray, additional

Published
2017
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26. Guns, Germs and Dogs: on the origin of Leishmania chagasi

Author

Wirth, Thierry, Leblois, Raphaël, Kuhls, Katrin, Schönian, Gabriele, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], and Leblois, Raphael

Subjects
[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009

27. Leishmania major: genetic heterogeneity of Iranian isolates by single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer

Author

Mahnaz, Tashakori, Tashakori, Mahnaz, Katrin, Kuhls, Kuhls, Katrin, Amer, Al-Jawabreh, Al-Jawabreh, Amer, Isabel L, Mauricio, Mauricio, Isabel, Gabriele, Schönian, Schönian, Gabriele, Safar, Farajnia, Farajnia, Safar, Mohammad Hossein, Alimohammadian, and Alimohammadian Mohammad, Hossein

Subjects
Genetics, Genetic diversity, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Single-strand conformation polymorphism, Biology, Ribosomal RNA, Iran, Genetic analysis, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, parasitic diseases, Genotype, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Animals, Humans, Parasitology, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Internal transcribed spacer, Ribosomal DNA, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Leishmania major
Abstract

Protozoan parasites of Leishmania major are the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different parts of Iran. We applied PCR-based methods to analyze L. major parasites isolated from patients with active lesions from different geographic areas in Iran in order to understand DNA polymorphisms within L. major species. Twenty-four isolates were identified as L. major by RFLP analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicons. These isolates were further studied by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing of ITS1 and ITS2. Data obtained from SSCP analysis of the ITS1 and ITS2 loci revealed three and four different patterns among all studied samples, respectively. Sequencing of ITS1 and ITS2 confirmed the results of SSCP analysis and showed the potential of the PCR-SSCP method for assessing genetic heterogeneity within L. major. Different patterns in ITS1 were due to substitution of one nucleotide, whereas in ITS2 the changes were defined by variation in the number of repeats in two polymorphic microsatellites. In total five genotypic groups LmA, LmB, LmC, LmD and LmE were identified among L. major isolates. The most frequent genotype, LmA, was detected in isolates collected from different endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Genotypes LmC, LmD and LmE were found only in the new focus of CL in Damghan (Semnan province) and LmB was identified exclusively among isolates of Kashan focus (Isfahan province). The distribution of genetic polymorphisms suggests the existence of distinct endemic regions of L. major in Iran.

Published
2005

30. Multilocus Microsatellite Typing (MLMT) of Strains from Turkey and Cyprus Reveals a Novel Monophyletic L. donovani Sensu Lato Group

Author

Gouzelou, Evi, primary, Haralambous, Christos, additional, Amro, Ahmad, additional, Mentis, Andreas, additional, Pratlong, Francine, additional, Dedet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Votypka, Jan, additional, Volf, Petr, additional, Ozensoy Toz, Seray, additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Schönian, Gabriele, additional, and Soteriadou, Ketty, additional

Published
2012
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31. Multilocus genotyping reveals a polyphyletic pattern among naturally antimony-resistant Leishmania braziliensis isolates from Peru

Author

Adaui, Vanessa, primary, Maes, Ilse, additional, Huyse, Tine, additional, Van den Broeck, Frederik, additional, Talledo, Michael, additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, De Doncker, Simonne, additional, Maes, Louis, additional, Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro, additional, Schönian, Gabriele, additional, Arevalo, Jorge, additional, and Dujardin, Jean-Claude, additional

Published
2011
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34. Comparative Microsatellite Typing of New World Leishmania infantum Reveals Low Heterogeneity among Populations and Its Recent Old World Origin

Author

Kuhls, Katrin, primary, Alam, Mohammad Zahangir, additional, Cupolillo, Elisa, additional, Ferreira, Gabriel Eduardo M., additional, Mauricio, Isabel L., additional, Oddone, Rolando, additional, Feliciangeli, M. Dora, additional, Wirth, Thierry, additional, Miles, Michael A., additional, and Schönian, Gabriele, additional

Published
2011
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35. Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Resembling Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani in Three Patients Co-Infected with Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Ethiopia

Author

Gelanew, Tesfaye, primary, Hurissa, Zewdu, additional, Hailu, Asrat, additional, Schönian, Gabriele, additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Kassahun, Aysheshm, additional, and Diro, Ermias, additional

Published
2011
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38. Corrigendum to “Leishmania major: Genetic heterogeneity of Iranian isolates by single-strand conformation polymorphism and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer” [Acta Trop. 98 (2006) 52–58]

Author

Tashakori, Mahnaz, primary, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Al-Jawabreh, Amer, additional, Mauricio, Isabel L., additional, SchÖnian, Gabriele, additional, Farajnia, Safar, additional, and Alimohammadian, Mohammad Hossein, additional

Published
2009
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41. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of Leishmania donovani strains in the Indian subcontinent

Author

Alam, Mohammad Zahangir, primary, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, Schweynoch, Carola, additional, Sundar, Shyam, additional, Rijal, Suman, additional, Shamsuzzaman, Abul Khair M., additional, Raju, Balaraju Venkata Subba, additional, Salotra, Poonam, additional, Dujardin, Jean-Claude, additional, and Schönian, Gabriele, additional

Published
2009
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43. Differentiation and Gene Flow among European Populations of Leishmania infantum MON-1

Author

Kuhls, Katrin, primary, Chicharro, Carmen, additional, Cañavate, Carmen, additional, Cortes, Sofia, additional, Campino, Lenea, additional, Haralambous, Christos, additional, Soteriadou, Ketty, additional, Pratlong, Francine, additional, Dedet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Mauricio, Isabel, additional, Miles, Michael, additional, Schaar, Matthias, additional, Ochsenreither, Sebastian, additional, Radtke, Oliver A., additional, and Schönian, Gabriele, additional

Published
2008
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44. Identification of geographically distributed sub-populations of Leishmania (Leishmania) majorby microsatellite analysis

Author

Al-Jawabreh, Amer, primary, Diezmann, Stephanie, additional, Müller, Michaela, additional, Wirth, Thierry, additional, Schnur, Lionel F, additional, Strelkova, Margarita V, additional, Kovalenko, Dmitri A, additional, Razakov, Shavkat A, additional, Schwenkenbecher, Jan, additional, Kuhls, Katrin, additional, and Schönian, Gabriele, additional

Published
2008
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46. Epidemiological dynamics of antimonial resistance in Leishmania donovani: Genotyping reveals a polyclonal population structure among naturally-resistant clinical isolates from Nepal

Author

Laurent, Thierry, primary, Rijal, Suman, additional, Yardley, Vanessa, additional, Croft, Simon, additional, De Doncker, Simonne, additional, Decuypere, Saskia, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, Singh, Rupa, additional, Schönian, Gabriele, additional, and Kuhls, Katrin, additional

Published
2007
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49. Population Structure and Evidence for Both Clonality and Recombination among Brazilian Strains of the Subgenus Leishmania (Viannia).

Author

Kuhls, Katrin, Cupolillo, Elisa, Silva, Soraia O., Schweynoch, Carola, Côrtes Boité, Mariana, Mello, Maria N., Mauricio, Isabel, Miles, Michael, Wirth, Thierry, and Schönian, Gabriele

Subjects
*LEISHMANIA, *GENETIC recombination, *CLONING, *LEISHMANIASIS, *MICROSATELLITE repeats, *LOCUS (Genetics)
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Parasites of the subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) cause varying clinical symptoms ranging from cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) with single or few lesions, disseminated CL (DL) with multiple lesions to disfiguring forms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). In this population genetics study, 37 strains of L. (V.) guyanensis, 63 of L. (V.) braziliensis, four of L. (V.) shawi, six of L. (V.) lainsoni, seven of L. (V.) naiffi, one each of L. (V.) utingensis and L. (V.) lindenbergi, and one L. (V.) lainsoni/L. naiffi hybrid from different endemic foci in Brazil were examined for variation at 15 hyper-variable microsatellite markers. Methodology/Principal findings: The multilocus microsatellite profiles obtained for the 120 strains were analysed using both model- and distance-based methods. Significant genetic diversity was observed for all L. (Viannia) strains studied. The two cluster analysis approaches identified two principal genetic groups or populations, one consisting of strains of L. (V.) guyanensis from the Amazon region and the other of strains of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. A third group comprised a heterogeneous assembly of species, including other strains of L. braziliensis isolated from the north of Brazil, which were extremely polymorphic. The latter strains seemed to be more closely related to those of L. (V.) shawi, L. (V.) naiffi, and L. (V.) lainsoni, also isolated in northern Brazilian foci. The MLMT approach identified an epidemic clone consisting of 13 strains of L. braziliensis from Minas Gerais, but evidence for recombination was obtained for the populations of L. (V.) braziliensis from the Atlantic coast and for L. (V.) guyanensis. Conclusions/Significance: Different levels of recombination versus clonality seem to occur within the subgenus L. (Viannia). Though clearly departing from panmixia, sporadic, but long-term sustained recombination might explain the tremendous genetic diversity and limited population structure found for such L. (Viannia) strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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50. Population Structure and Evidence for Both Clonality and Recombination among Brazilian Strains of the Subgenus Leishmania (Viannia).

Author

Kuhls, Katrin, Cupolillo, Elisa, Silva, Soraia O., Schweynoch, Carola, Côrtes Boité, Mariana, Mello, Maria N., Mauricio, Isabel, Miles, Michael, Wirth, Thierry, and Schönian, Gabriele

Subjects
LEISHMANIA, GENETIC recombination, CLONING, LEISHMANIASIS, MICROSATELLITE repeats, LOCUS (Genetics)
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Parasites of the subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) cause varying clinical symptoms ranging from cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) with single or few lesions, disseminated CL (DL) with multiple lesions to disfiguring forms of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). In this population genetics study, 37 strains of L. (V.) guyanensis, 63 of L. (V.) braziliensis, four of L. (V.) shawi, six of L. (V.) lainsoni, seven of L. (V.) naiffi, one each of L. (V.) utingensis and L. (V.) lindenbergi, and one L. (V.) lainsoni/L. naiffi hybrid from different endemic foci in Brazil were examined for variation at 15 hyper-variable microsatellite markers. Methodology/Principal findings: The multilocus microsatellite profiles obtained for the 120 strains were analysed using both model- and distance-based methods. Significant genetic diversity was observed for all L. (Viannia) strains studied. The two cluster analysis approaches identified two principal genetic groups or populations, one consisting of strains of L. (V.) guyanensis from the Amazon region and the other of strains of L. (V.) braziliensis isolated along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. A third group comprised a heterogeneous assembly of species, including other strains of L. braziliensis isolated from the north of Brazil, which were extremely polymorphic. The latter strains seemed to be more closely related to those of L. (V.) shawi, L. (V.) naiffi, and L. (V.) lainsoni, also isolated in northern Brazilian foci. The MLMT approach identified an epidemic clone consisting of 13 strains of L. braziliensis from Minas Gerais, but evidence for recombination was obtained for the populations of L. (V.) braziliensis from the Atlantic coast and for L. (V.) guyanensis. Conclusions/Significance: Different levels of recombination versus clonality seem to occur within the subgenus L. (Viannia). Though clearly departing from panmixia, sporadic, but long-term sustained recombination might explain the tremendous genetic diversity and limited population structure found for such L. (Viannia) strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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