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The lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials with intriguing photo-physical properties and have immense potential for photovoltaic applications. A comprehensive study on the kinetics of charge carrier (electron/hole) generation and transfer across the interface is key to realizing their future scope for efficient device engineering. Herein, we investigate the interfacial charge transfer (CT) dynamics in cesium lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with energetically favorable electron acceptors, anthraquinone (AQ) and p-benzoquinone (BQ), and hole acceptors such as pyrene and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). With various steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic and microscopic measurements, a faster electron transfer rate is estimated for CsPbBr3 PQDs with BQ compared to that of AQ, while a superior hole transfer for DMAP is divulged compared to pyrene. In concurrence with the spectroscopic measurements, conducting atomic force microscopic studies across the electrode-PQD-electrode junction reveals an increment in the conductance of the PQD in the presence of both the electron and hole acceptors. The variation of the density of states calculation in the presence of the hole acceptors offers strong support and validation for faster CT efficiency. The above findings suggest that a careful selection of simple yet efficient molecular arrangements can facilitate rapid carrier transfer, which can be designed as auxiliary layers for smooth CT and help in the engineering of cost-effective photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of engine oil (EO) directly affects the functional properties and service life of the engine. Thus, there is an immense need for EOs that are suitable for robust and stringent operating conditions. The goal of this study was to develop a nano-induced EO that is sustainable, energy-efficient, and was tested in a diesel-engine forklift. The performance properties such as chemical degradation, wear metal content, and total acidity/base numbers were analyzed using an FTIR spectrometer, an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, and potentiometric titration techniques, respectively. According to the findings, nano-fluids now have a significantly longer service life than conventional EO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous growth of the world's population and the escalating demand for food raise serious concerns about the future of agriculture. According to FAO's estimates, agricultural product demand is expected to rise by 60% by 2030. However, the increasing use of chemical fertilizers has shown adverse effects on the environment and living organisms. In this context, biofertilizers offer a promising alternative to hazardous chemicals, supporting agricultural sustainability. Biofertilizers are known for their eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective nature, contributing to soil health, structure, and biodiversity preservation. Nevertheless, they face challenges, including poor shelf-life, on-field stability, sensitivity to fluctuating environmental conditions (such as temperature, radiation, and pH), limitations in long-term use, scarcity of beneficial bacterial strains, susceptibility to desiccation, and high required doses for large coverage areas. Commercially available microbe-based biofertilizers have not always met expectations in field conditions due to various reasons. While there have been advancements in biofertilizers to improve efficiency and popularity among farmers, the need to explore next-generation biofertilizers remains essential. This review primarily focuses on advanced and next-generation biofertilizers, such as PGPB (Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria), fungal biofertilizers, nanobiofertilizers, and biofilm biofertilizers, aiming to address these challenges and propel sustainable agriculture forward. Highlights: Biofertilizers offer eco-friendly alternatives for sustainable agriculture. Advanced research improves manufacturing and application techniques. Novel microbial strains target specific nutrients. Biotechnological advancements enhance nutrient mobilization and stress tolerance. Key research priorities include selecting efficient biofertilizers and studying microbiological survival in stressed soil environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In the present study, rice bran protein (RBP) from the PB1121 variety was hydrolysed using trypsin and subjected to non‐targeted IMS profiling to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive amino acids in the resulting RBP hydrolysates. The hydrolysate was then separated into three fractions using ultrafiltration, and each fraction was tested for antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. The ACE activity was assessed using the tripeptide hippuryl‐histidyl‐leucine (HHL) as a model peptide via HPLC‐DAD. The fraction with the molecular weight (>3000 Da) displayed the strongest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity. This fraction was further divided into five fractions using gel Sephadex G‐25, and the greatest levels of antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity were found in fraction F3B. Fraction F3B was then fractionated using HPLC, and the fraction with ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 of 43 mg mL−1) was analysed using MALDI‐TOF‐TOF mass spectrometry to determine its exact molecular mass and amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence FMKSK (phe‐met‐lys‐ser‐lys) with a Mw of 655.376 Da was detected, and the molecular docking investigation revealed that FMKSK suppresses ACE by forming strong hydrogen bonds with the active pockets of human ACE. These findings suggest that rice bran contains bioactive peptides with antioxidant and ACE inhibitory effects, making it a promising raw material for the production of beneficial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel silicon nanoparticle-based sensor has been investigated. Bloch surface wave excitation in a one-dimensional photonic crystal using a silicon nanoparticle on the top defect layer is examined on various parameters. This paper compares the confinement of Bloch surface wave using with and without silicon nanoparticles. The confinement of surface waves is modified by varying the size of the silicon nanoparticle. The structural parameters are optimized for an 850 nm (nm) central wavelength. At the central wavelength of 850 nm, the confinement of surface waves gets modified by varying the size of the silicon nanoparticle. The proposed novel silicon nanoparticle-based sensor was investigated and its efficacy in terms of sensitivity, quality factor, and Figure of merit was evaluated. The sensitivity is demonstrated to be 148.88 Degree/Refractive index unit (RIU), with a quality factor of 10,146.83 nm and a figure of merit (FOM) of 1777.24 per Refractive index unit (RIU− 1) for sensors with a silicon nanoparticle-based multilayer structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we apply the fractional homotopy perturbation transform method (FHPTM) to deliver an effective semi-analytical technique for determining fractional-order Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equations. The project technique combines the Laplace transform with the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative of order α where α ∈ (0 , 1 ] . Fractional-order Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation is indeed important in the field of nonlinear physics and mathematics. It is a fractional partial differential equation that describes the behaviour of waves in certain dissipative media, such as flames and chemicals. The FHPTM is described to be fast and accurate. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the presented techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Angiopoietin‐like 4 is a molecular hallmark that correlates with the growth and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms by which angiopoietin‐like 4 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis are unclear.Using well‐characterized cell lines of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development, including human normal oral keratinocytes, dysplastic oral keratinocytes, oral leukoplakia‐derived oral keratinocytes, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, HN13, HN6, HN4, HN12, and CAL27, we investigated the signaling pathways upstream and downstream of angiopoietin‐like 4‐induced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis.We found that both epidermal growth factor receptor ligands, epithelial growth factor, and amphiregulin led to angiopoietin‐like 4 upregulation in normal oral keratinocytes and dysplastic oral keratinocytes and cooperated with the activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 in this effect. Interestingly, amphiregulin and angiopoietin‐like 4 were increased in dysplastic oral keratinocytes and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, and amphiregulin‐induced activation of cell proliferation was dependent on angiopoietin‐like 4. Although both p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) were activated by angiopoietin‐like 4, only pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK was sufficient to prevent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. We further observed that angiopoietin‐like 4 promoted the secretion of interleukin 11 (IL‐11), interleukin 12 (IL‐12), interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), cytokines and chemokines previously implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis.Our results demonstrate that angiopoietin‐like 4 is a downstream effector of amphiregulin and promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development both through direct activation of p38 kinase as well as paracrine mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bending analysis was carried out for a laminated composite porous plate due to sinusoidal loading with various boundary conditions using improved third-order theory. Zero transverse shear stress provided a free surface at the top and bottom of the plate. Also, the authors developed a finite element formulation based on improved third-order shear deformation theory. To circumvent the C1 continuity requirement associated with improved third-order shear deformation theory, a C0 FE formulation was developed by replacing the out-of-plane derivatives with independent field variables. An in-house FORTRAN code was developed for the bending analysis of the laminated porous plate considering a 2D finite element model. The complete thickness of the plate was covered with different porosity patterns. The impacts of various modulus ratios, boundary conditions, thickness ratios, fiber orientation angles, and material parameters were examined for laminated porous plates. There was an 18.8% reduction in deflection in the case of the square plate as compared to rectangular plates, with a porosity value of 0.1, a thickness ratio of 10, and an orientation angle of 0°/90°/0°. According to the current research, adding porosities causes a relatively greater change in deflection rather than stress, thereby aiding in the development of a lightweight structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important underutilized fruit crop. There is currently limited information available on the genetic background of longans, which is a key bottleneck in longan improvement. Studies on the extent of genetic variability and genetic divergence are crucial and it can provide relevant information which can be very useful for crop improvement programmes. In the present study, a total of 54 qualitative and quantitative traits were investigated of 20 different longan genotypes to determine the morphological and physiochemical traits that. Results revealed that the significant variability existed in the studied traits except few. Among the qualitative traits petiole colour, leaflet curvature, young leaf colour, mature leaf colour, branching density, leaflet midrib colour, abundance of flower, trunk surface, fruit maturity group, and tree vigour were showed more than the average value of Shannon's diversity index. Higher PCV and GCV recorded for several traits viz., tree volume followed by aril weight, number of fruits per branch, aril/seed weight ratio, trunk girth, TSS acid ratio, aril thickness, number of days from panicle initiation to flowering, titratable acidity, width of inflorescence, length of inflorescence, petiole length, fruit weight, plant height, crown diameter and rachis length. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean were recorded for the traits viz., plant height, trunk girth, crown diameter, tree volume, rachis and petiole length, number of days from panicle initiation to flowering, length and width of inflorescence, number of fruits per bunch, fruit, aril and seed weight, aril thickness, fruit colour-a, titratable acidity and TSS acid ratio which is indicative of additive gene action and selection based on these traits would be more reliable. According to the Mahalanobis D2 statistic, twenty diverse genotypes were grouped into eight groups. The presence of genetic divergence was also tested in cluster means by the significant amount of variability for various variables. Therefore, this study's findings imply that these genotypes have variability in terms of fruit quality traits, yield and traits that contribute to yield, and other agronomic traits that could be useful in future crop improvement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, laterally excited bulk acoustic wave resonators (XBARs) are designed for high-frequency applications in the 5 GHz range which have applications in MEMS sensors and fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. XBARs are simulated with 400 nm thick LiNbO3 and narrow fingers of Interdigital transducer (IDT) placed periodically with a pitch of 26 µm to excite the lamb wave resonances at 4.49 GHz with a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) of 32%. The working of XBARs is investigated by Finite element method (FEM) based COMSOL Multiphysics simulation and analytical model. The XBAR schematic is depicted graphically, together with its deformation, impedance response with corresponding asymmetric displacement modes, and device equivalent MBVD model. The performance of XBARs with different piezoelectric materials was investigated, and it was discovered that XBARs using LiNbO3 as piezoelectric materials and Au electrodes performed best. Following that, Au electrodes are used to create A1 (anti-symmetric lamb) modes with spurious mode mitigation. Furthermore, numerous geometrical aspects such as piezoelectric material thickness, IDT finger width, the pitch of IDT and the ratio of IDT finger width to finger gap were examined in order to enhance kt2 and the Quality factor (Q) of the device. The third and fifth harmonics of XBAR were found at 13.41 and 22.39 GHz, respectively. The modified Butterwort-Van Dyke model (MBVD) is intended to discover the XBAR equivalent circuit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a hybrid forecasting model combining auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques to improve the software fault forecasting and hence improvising the reliability of software. Software reliability forecasting plays a critical role in software development and maintenance, as it helps to identify potential errors and improve the overall performance of software systems. The proposed model leverages the strengths of both ARIMA and ANN, allowing for more accurate predictions and better handling of complex and dynamic software systems. The effectiveness of the hybrid model is evaluated using real-world software data, demonstrating its superiority over traditional forecasting methods. This research contributes to the development of more robust and reliable software systems, which are essential in today's rapidly evolving technological landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present the structure of export orientation research and clusters over 10 years of research. The bibliometric analysis was made up of 434 articles from the Scopus database. To analyze the extracted data, three bibliometric techniques were applied: Citation Analysis, Keyword Analysis, and Bibliographic Coupling. The results show an exponential increase in research on export orientation research. The study also revealed eight clusters based on publications from the last ten years. The main themes that emerged related to export orientation research include; Marketing performance and export orientation, firm’s productivity and efficiency orientation, local to global upgradation and export orientation, industrial policy, manufacturing and export orientation, technology as a stimulant for change, competitive strategy for export orientation, and value chain coordination. It allows the researcher to better understand the most common issues of the last 5 years and relate these issues to current problems in the international marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have theoretically explored the electronic and thermoelectric properties of the C2P4 monolayer with the interface of density functional theory and semi-classical transport theory. Our calculation shows a high Seebeck coefficient and low electronic thermal conductivity in the vicinity of zero chemical potential (μ = 0), resulting in a good power factor (PF) and a high figure of merit (ZT). More particularly, the electronic figure of merit (ZTe) exhibits two high peak values around μ = 0 due to the significant contribution of thermoelectric parameters. Furthermore, ZTe decreases by increasing the temperature, giving a peak value of 0.98 in the negative chemical potential (μ), whereas, for μ > 0, the peak value increases slightly with temperature. Additionally, the ZTe peak value is robust against ±10% of uni- and biaxial strains at room temperature. To make our calculation more realistic, we add phonon contributions to the thermal conductivity in pristine C2P4 and calculate the total ZT. We have found that phonon contribution dominates at low temperatures, and the ZT peak is reduced to 0.78. These optimal thermoelectric parameters of the C2P4 monolayer may be suitable for demonstrating the feasibility of a good thermoelectric material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to an immune challenge, naive T cells undergo a transition from a quiescent to an activated state acquiring the effector function. Concurrently, these T cells reprogram cellular metabolism, which is regulated by iron. We and others have shown that iron homeostasis controls proliferation and mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Given that iron derived from heme makes up a large portion of the cellular iron pool, we investigated iron homeostasis in T cells using mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the heme exporter, FLVCR1 [referred to as knockout (KO)]. Our finding revealed that maintaining heme and iron homeostasis is essential to keep naive T cells in a quiescent state. KO naive CD4 T cells exhibited an iron-overloaded phenotype, with increased spontaneous proliferation and hyperactive mitochondria. This was evidenced by reduced IL-7R and IL-15R levels but increased CD5 and Nur77 expression. Upon activation, however, KO CD4 T cells have defects in proliferation, IL-2 production, and mitochondrial functions. Iron-overloaded CD4 T cells failed to induce mitochondrial iron and exhibited more fragmented mitochondria after activation, making them susceptible to ferroptosis. Iron overload also led to inefficient glycolysis and glutaminolysis but heightened activity in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Overall, these findings highlight the essential role of iron in controlling mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism in naive CD4 T cells, critical for maintaining their quiescent state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a finite group G, the superpower graph S(G) of G is an undirected simple graph with vertex set G and two vertices are adjacent in S(G) if and only if the order of one divides the order of the other in G. The aim of this paper is to provide tight bounds for the vertex connectivity, discuss Hamiltonian-like properties of superpower graph of finite non-Abelian groups having an element of exponent order.We also give some general results about superpower graphs and their relation to other graphs such as the Gruenberg–Kegel graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research paper is to present a new all-optical scheme to implement the logical behavior of generalized n th-order (2 n :1) multiplexer logic. The proposed all-optical design is based on micro-ring resonator (MRR)-based all-optical switches and constructed by using "2 n + 1 -2" MRR structures, arranged in a series " n " stage architecture. The presented configuration enjoys advantageous features like compact-sized systematic structure and ultra-fast speed. To validate the logical behavior of the proposed n th-order multiplexer, a second-order (22:1) multiplexer is derived (from the proposed scheme) and discussed. Further, the usability of the presented all-optical multiplexer is demonstrated by developing an all-optical reconfigurable logic gate that can be reconfigured to perform various logic operations. To verify the logical behavior of MRR-based all-optical switch and presented all-optical multiplexer logic, numerical simulations through MATLAB software have been performed. The reported reconfigurable logic structure is also simulated in the MATLAB environment to validate the desired behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carl Djerassi’s ‘An Immaculate Misconception: Sex in an Age of Mechanical Reproduction’ belongs to the science-in-theatre genre. The play revolves around the incidents in a reproductive biology laboratory and investigates the ethical implications of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, a pathbreaking scientific innovation in the field of assisted reproductive technology. In selecting key scientific themes as the subject matter of his literary works, Djerassi attempts to disseminate scientific ideas to a non-scientific audience. This is a significant step towards narrowing the gap of mutual incomprehension between scientists and non-scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric-field control of magnetic dynamics and magnetization in magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructures holds promise for energy-efficient beyond-CMOS devices. However, such techniques entail a high-saturation operational electric field near the device breakdown voltage and introduce complexity due to the requirement for electrical contacts. This study circumvents this issue by light-induced magnetoresistance (MR) modulation in a Ni/PMN-PT ME heterostructure driven by photo-strain-induced internal electric field. Reduced MR, especially in the perpendicular mode, is observed, signifying a localized reduction in the external magnetic field required for magnetization alignment, as elucidated by Langevin function analysis. The proposed method could facilitate better integration and scalability of ME-based spintronic devices, paving the way for low-power beyond-CMOS technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is endemic in third world countries, with a remarkable predominance in India.1 The enteric fever had been studied extensively in children in reference to the clinical setting and their correlation with laboratory parameters in reference to antibiotic sensitivity. Objective: The objective of the present study is to correlate clinical presentations with laboratory findings, antibiotic sensitivity and ultrasonographic finding of gall bladder in paediatric cases of typhoid fever for better management. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional, observational study conducted in Adesh Medical College, Shahbad, Haryana, for a duration of 12 months from November 2022 to October 2023. All enteric fever cases from 1 to 15 years of age were included. Children who had already received typhoid vaccine, diagnosed with paratyphoid fever, with other causes of fever and who refused to be a part of study were excluded. Study protocol was approved by Institutional Ethics committee. Informed consent was taken from the patients' parents. All statistical calculations were done using (Statistical Package for the Social Science) SPSS 21version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical program for Microsoft Windows. Results: Majority of children 38 (38%) were from the age group of 5-10 years, of which 53% were males and 47% were females. There was correlation between history of taking antibiotic intake during hospital stay and blood culture findings (Salmonella Typhi positive, p value=0.001). Correlation of clinical features with elevated liver enzyme SGOT (>55IU/L) was significant (p value =0.001). Also there was significant correlation between hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with rise in SGPT level (p value = 0.001). 12% children had gallbladder wall edema, 7% had pericholecystic edema, 4% were found to be have biliary sludge and 2% had cholecystitis. Conclusion: Enteric fever is a major threat in the paediatric age group. For the diagnosis of typhoid fever, Typhidot is better than Widal test as it is more sensitive, easy to perform, detects the cases at early stage and results are available on the same day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have proposed the precise model of coaxial TGVs (CTGVs) which consists of ground-signal signal-ground (GSSG) TGVs. An equivalent electrical model of CTGVs is established and the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) technique is used to extract the frequency-dependent impedance parameters. In CTGVs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and copper is used as filler material in inner and outer layer. Resistance and inductance of CTGVs is calculated using the PEEC technique for different filler materials. The insertion loss (S21) of CTGVs is determined using the HFSS simulations and is compared analytically in differential mode configurations. S21 is calculated for various geometrical parameters of MWCNT-based CTGVs such as diameter of TGV, pitch between CTGV pair, as well as material properties such as permittivity of SiO2 and benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymers. It is established that MWCNT based CTGV shows improved insertion loss because the conductivity of MWCNT is higher in comparison to copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, Herzog et al. conjectured that if J$J$ is the cover ideal of a chordal graph, then Js$J^s$ is componentwise linear for all s≥1$s \ge 1$. In 2022, Hà and Van Tuyl considered objects more general than chordal graphs and posed the following problem: let J(Γ)$J(\Gamma)$ be the cover ideal of a simplicial tree Γ$\Gamma$. Is it true that J(Γ)s$J(\Gamma)^s$ is componentwise linear for all s≥1?$s \ge 1?$ In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology appears to be a promising tool to redefine crop nutrition in the coming decades. However, the crucial interactions of nanomaterials with abiotic components of the environment like soil organic matter (SOM) and carbon‒sequestration may hold the key to sustainable crop nutrition, fortification, and climate change. Here, we investigated the use of sugar press mud (PM) mediated ZnO nanosynthesis for soil amendment and nutrient mobilisation under moderately alkaline conditions. The positively charged (+ 7.61 mv) ZnO sheet-like nanoparticles (~ 17 nm) from zinc sulphate at the optimum dose of (75 mg/kg blended with PM (1.4% w/w) were used in reinforcing the soil matrix for wheat growth. The results demonstrated improved agronomic parameters with (~ 24%) and (~ 19%) relative increases in yield and plant Zn content. Also, the soil solution phase interactions of the ZnO nanoparticles with the PM-induced soil colloidal carbon (− 27.9 mv and diameter 0.4864 μm) along with its other components have influenced the soil nutrient dynamics and mineral ecology at large. Interestingly, one such interaction seems to have reversed the known Zn-P interaction from negative to positive. Thus, the study offers a fresh insight into the possible correlations between nutrient interactions and soil carbon sequestration for climate-resilient crop productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intelligent healthcare framework by incorporating modern computing technologies like machine learning and deep learning. The sole motivation of this paper is to predict diabetes status intelligently so that patients can be made aware of their diabetes status regularly. A novel ensemble machine learning-based diabetes prediction framework, namely "iDP", has been proposed in this paper. Six different machine learning approaches have been used for the iDP framework, namely random forest, decision tree, neural network, AdaBoost, support vector machine, and XGBoost. Training and testing of ensemble modeling have been performed based on these learning techniques. A comprehensive preliminary data analysis and screening of statistical analysis have been systematically demonstrated in this paper. The recursive feature elimination and fivefold cross-validation methods have been used to select the best model. All experiments have been performed using R-Studio 1.2.5 with the help of the Rattle library 5.4.0. The preliminary data analytic and Pearson correlation coefficient values have been computed to verify the linearity relationship among the data. Results have been reported in eight performance metrics, including accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, area under curve, area under convex hull, minimum error rate, minimum weighted loss, and precision. The proposed iDP framework improves the results on different aspects in order to compare them with individual learning approaches. Despite this, a comparative performance analysis of the iDP framework has also been performed with state-of-the-art prevailing models. As per experiment, the iDP framework gives better results in most cases, like accuracy: 95.26%, AUC: 91.15%, sensitivity: 96.81%, specificity: 97.72% and precision: 90.72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission control protocol (TCP) ensures that data are safely and accurately transported over the network for applications that use the transport protocol to allow reliable information delivery. Nowadays, internet usage in the network is growing and has been developing many protocols in the network layer. Congestion leads to packet loss, the high time required for data transmission in the TCP protocol transport layer for end-to-end connections is one of the biggest issues with the internet. An optimized random forest algorithm (RFA) with improved random early detection (IRED) for congestion prediction and avoidance in transport layer is proposed to overcome the drawbacks. Data are initially gathered and sent through data pre-processing to improve the data quality. For data pre-processing, KNN-based missing value imputation is applied to replace the values that are missing in raw data and z-score normalization is utilized to scale the data in a certain range. Following that, congestion is predicted using an optimized RFA and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is used to set the learning rate as efficiently as possible in order to reduce error and improve forecast accuracy. To avoid congestion, IRED method is utilized for a congestion-free network in the transport layer. Performance metrics are evaluated and compared with the existing techniques with respect to accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and error, whose values that occur for the proposed model are 98%, 98%, 99%, 98%, and 1%. Throughput and latency are also evaluated in the proposed method to determine the performance of the network. Finally, the proposed method performs better when compared to the existing techniques and prediction, and avoidance of congestion is identified accurately in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-buckling behavior of a hybrid functionally graded (FG) rectangular plate reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) is presented. The mathematical model developed based on transverse displacement variation of second-order in third-order shear deformation theory, hence referred to as modified third-order shear deformation theory (MTSDT). Transverse shear stress is imposed zero on top and bottom surface of plate. 2D C0 finite element (FE) formulation model developed based on MTSDT. Inhouse MATLAB code developed of present FE formulation. The rectangular plates consist of matrix material, fiber, and CNT as reinforcement material. The grading of fiber material in the thickness direction ensured using a power–law distribution. The material characteristics of the hybrid FG plates predicted using the Halpin-Tsai equation and the rule of mixing technique. No shear correction factor is required due to realistic parabolic behavior considered in the present work. The comparison study results of the present model are in good agreement with the published work. After confirming the accuracy of the present model a parametric study was carried outd to check the influence of different parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The all-optical switching phenomena in the non-linear directional coupler using cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect have been proposed. It is designed to generate an all-optical XOR functionality, considering the XOR logic gates as a basic module the design and analysis of an efficient all-optical 4-bit binary to gray code converter and 4-bit even parity checker circuit is proposed. The design methodology includes the switching of a weak continuous-wave (CW) signal, which is controlled by the combination of two controlled pump signals. In this paper, mathematical analysis of the coupled mode theory associated with optical directional couplers has been discussed. The switching characteristics of XPM effect based All-optical directional couplers have been examined for appropriate values of the controlled pump signals. Appropriate values of extinction ratio and corresponding controlled pump signal levels are investigated for an efficient generation of XOR logic gates. Further, the detailed analysis of layout generation and design aspects of All-optical 4-bit binary to gray code converter and 4-bit even parity checker circuits have been carried out. The proposed methodology is verified by the appropriate simulation results, which include the transmittivity, extinction ratio (Xratio) curve variation and dynamic time domain plot associated with proposed units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses the solution of temporal-fuzzy fractional non-linear p-KdV equations employing a singular kernel and a non-singular Mittag Leffler kernel. A novel q-homotopy analysis approach with a generalised transform is proposed to study the fuzzy time-fractional model with two distinct fractional operators, and the behaviour of the solution is studied in both crisp and uncertain cases. Consequently, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method have been obtained by comparing the obtained numerical results with the available results under the assumption of crisp case for α = 1 that validate the obtained results. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed fractional orders is checked with distinct fractional operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperfect geometry beams with functionally graded carbon nano tubes (CNT) have recently been used in many structural applications, and many numerical analyses have been performed to assess the stiffness property in beams and structures. Where the stiffness enhancement of a beam greatly contributes to its stability by augmenting the geometrically defective beam's deformation withstanding capabilities under loading. However, the stiffness enhancement in terms of imperfect geometrical design characteristics has not been considered in previous research. Hence in this paper, a novel Persuaded Resilient Design is introduced in which the geometric imperfection is induced in the design in the form of a hollow trapezoidal laminate in such a way that the designed imperfect layered laminate enhances the flexural rigidity of the beam. Additionally, by employing a Parametric Stability Analysis, the act of the curved beam is structured by meshing the design with FEA applying UDL, and three-point bending. The peak and trough sustainability of the unique designed geometrically flawed beam incorporating functionally graded CNTs is determined via a finite element model. Thus, the FG-CNT reinforced curved beam behavior of the novel design is efficiently analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, heart disease is the primary cause of death. Early detection of this disease enables cardiologists to make more accurate judgments regarding the health of their patients. Due to machine learning's ability to identify patterns in data, its use in the medical industry has increased. Many heart disease prediction models have been developed by various researchers utilizing machine learning techniques (MLTs). The performance of MLTs on heart disease prediction may vary for different accuracy measures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate machine-learning technique for heart disease prediction is a challenging task. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)-based method to evaluate the MLTs for heart disease prediction considering various performance measures taken into account altogether. The proposed approach uses the concept of a combined compromise solution (CoCoSo)- an MCDM method. For validation of the proposed approach, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of fifteen machine learning techniques for predicting heart disease over three heart disease datasets considering six performance measures taken into account altogether. Results show that the logistic regression and support vector machine are recommended as the most suitable MLTs for heart disease prediction modeling with respect to six performance measures considered simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work considers the micropolar hybrid nanofluid flows between porous channel walls with distinct nanoparticles such as Copper (Cu) and Alumina (Al2O3) with fuzzy extension. The volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles is regarded as an uncertain parameter and represented using a triangular fuzzy number varying between 0% and 2% to enhance the uncertainty in the current study. Thermal radiation is a kind of heat transmission and one of several strategies to improve thermal efficiency in various systems. The proposed micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow examines the thermal radiation effect that enhances the thermal efficiency of the flow between the porous channels. A novel generalized double parameter-based homotopy approach is used to study and analyse the uncertain impact of different parameters on the thermal and velocity profiles of the micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow. Finally, the results obtained are validated in a crisp case to test the accuracy of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rice bran protein isolates and seven legume protein isolates (moong bean, green pea, white pea, black chickpea and white chickpea, soya bean and lentil) were evaluated for functional, structural and metabolomic properties. Rice bran protein isolates (RBI) had higher solubility, foaming, oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity but lower denaturing temperature compared to legume proteins. The functionality of proteins isolates impacted significantly with structural characteristics. The β‐sheet, α‐helix, β‐turn and anti‐parallel β‐sheets proportions were evaluated by FTIR. RBI revealed lower molecular weight, less rigid conformational structure and lower proportion of β‐sheet. The evaluation of untargeted metabolomics compounds was determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight ion mobility mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐IMS), evaluated using PCA and presented as a heatmap. Analysis revealed 46 metabolites including sugars, amino acids, lipids, terpenoid, phenolics, saponins and their derivatives. Significant differences in selected compounds from 126 identified metabolites among protein isolates were observed. This work provides new insights into metabolite distribution among protein isolates and also presents future implementations for applications in food and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) panels play a crucial role in solar systems but are susceptible to efficiency losses caused by rising surface temperatures. This research explores four distinct recycle-type double-pass hybrid PV/T designs, employing steady-state models to cool the PV panels. The first and second designs mount the PV panel on the absorber plate, while the third and fourth designs position it directly over the absorber plate without a glass cover, allowing the sun’s radiation to fall directly on the PV module. The study investigates the significant impacts of varying values of ṁ (0.03–0.15 kg/sec), G (0.3–1.8), D (1.0–6.0), I (300–1000 W/m²), and P (0.4–0.95) on thermal and electrical efficiency, as well as net electrical power generation, taking into account pressure loss during the flow. Through the analytical study, Design-IV demonstrates the highest net electrical power, estimated at 54.82W, which is 6.27% higher than Design-III, achieved at a recycling ratio, mass flow rate, depth ratio, and packing factor of 0.9, 0.15 kg/s, 3, and 0.5, respectively. Additionally, the input parameters are optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals a significant coefficient (R²) value approaching unity, indicating a strong fit of the response model to the analyzed data. By considering both single and multi-objective optimization scenarios, the study identifies optimal parameters for each PV/T design through the interaction of operational parameters. This research contributes to enhancing the efficiency and performance of double-pass recycle-type hybrid PV/T systems, enabling sustainable and effective utilization of solar energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Individuals with permanent orthopedic disability face many adversities and may suffer more from psychiatric illnesses as compared to the normal population. This may affect their self‑esteem and quality of life. Aim: To study the impact of psychiatric morbidity on quality of life and self‑esteem in subjects with permanent orthopedic disability. Methodology: The study was conducted by the Department of Psychiatry, of a tertiary care hospital from August 1, 2018, to August 1, 2019. A total of 50 subjects over the age of 18 years with permanent orthopedic disability were consecutively enrolled in the department of orthopedics. Orthopedical disability of subjects was assessed and diagnosed by one senior consultant of the Orthopaedics department. Clearance from the Institute’s Ethics Committee was obtained before the start of the study. Psychiatric morbidity was screened in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed by two senior consultants of the Psychiatry department and as per the International Classification of Diseases‑10th edition‑Clinical Description and Diagnostic Guidelines. Self‑esteem and quality of life were assessed on Rosenberg Self‑esteem Scale (RSES) and WHO‑ Quality of Life‑BREF (WHO QoL Bref), respectively. Results: Statistically significant impact of presence of psychiatric morbidity on Question 1 (P = 0.010), Question 2 (P = 0.002), physical domain (P = 0.001), psychological domain (P = 0.001), social relationship domain (P = 0.001), and environmental domain (P = 0.001) of WHO‑QoL‑Bref was observed. Subjects with psychiatric illness had lower mean scores as compared to subjects without psychiatric illness. The impact of psychiatric morbidity was also statistically significant on RSES scores (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity impacts the quality of life index and self‑esteem negatively in individuals with a permanent orthopedic disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early discharge and shorter hospital stay is popular in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Intolerable post-MIS pain may lead to a significant unnecessary increase in analgesia use, slower recovery, longer hospital stays, and rarely, readmission. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TAP block using 0.5% Bupivacaine versus oral Gabapentin for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic surgeries. Materials and Methods: In a randomised controlled study, 70 patients of ASA class I and II scheduled for laparoscopic surgeries of age 20 to 60 years were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 35 each. Group I was allocated to patients receiving TAP block and Group II to patients receiving oral Gabapentin. Results: Patients in both the groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, ASA Class and type of surgery and did not affect the study result at any time interval of the study. MAP and SPO2 did not show significant difference in both the groups at any time interval of study. Heart rate was significantly higher in group II than the group I which corresponds to the onset of pain that is at 6 hours in group II and 8 hours in Group I. NRS score of >4 was seen earlier (6 hours) in Group II patients as compared to group I patients (8hours). Eighteen out of 35 patients of Group II required rescue analgesia where as in Group I only 9 out of 35 patients required rescue analgesia. Conclusion: TAP block using 0.5% Bupivacaine is more efficacious than 300 mg oral gabapentin for post-operative analgesia in laparoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most studied metal oxide NPs (MONPs) owing to their unique physiochemical properties. The last few years have witnessed a growing interest among researchers in adopting the green chemistry approach to fabricate MONPs. We herein report the synthesis of ZnO NPs stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from noxious aquatic weed, i.e., Eichhornia crassipes biomass (EC-CMC). The UV–Vis spectra showed maximum absorbance at ∼380 nm, and the XRD crystallite size of EC-CMC capped ZnO NPs (c-ZnO NPs) (∼26 nm) was smaller as compared to virgin ZnO NPs (v-ZnO NPs) (∼29 nm). The value of apparent strain (εA x 10−3), root mean square strain (E RMS x 10−3), stress (MPa), and energy density (KJm−3) for c-ZnO NPs obtained from the SSP plot was ∼0.893, ∼0.173, ∼116 and ∼51.83 respectively. The study also examined the differential effects of c-ZnO NPs treatment on the growth of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), i.e., Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gram -ve), and Bacillus subtilis (Gram +ve). The findings revealed that P. fluorescens (PFL) was more susceptible to c-ZnO NPs than B. subtilis (BST). Furthermore, R. sativus seeds treated with c-ZnO NPs (10–50 ppm) exhibited notable improvements in plumule length, radicle length, vigor index, and biomass content over other treatments and control. The biopriming of R. sativus seeds with PFL and BST showed synergistic effects with 10-ppm c-ZnO NPs treatment and promoted overall seedling growth. The bacterial kinetics and seed germination studies manifest that the c-ZnO NPs at lower doses have growth-promoting effects. The combination of PFL + BST+10-ppm c-ZnO NPs showed substantial improvements in the germination indices of R. sativus. The present work has demonstrated the potential of utilizing positive bipartite interaction of PGPRs and bio-stabilized ZnO NPs to develop nanoformulations promoting plant growth management. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the generation of science and technology, every company wants to increase the reliability of their products. So, they used the concept of cold standby redundancy, timely repair of the failed unit and providing limited refreshments to the available technician when required. This paper aims to explore the system of two identical units where the primary unit is operative and the secondary unit is in cold standby mode. When the primary unit fails due to any fault then secondary unit starts working immediately. Here, times of failure of unit and technician refreshment request follow the general distribution whereas times of repair of unit and refreshment follow the exponential distributions. Such types of systems are used in industries and education systems to prevent losses. The system’s performance is calculated by using concepts of mean time to system failure, availability, busy period of the server, expected number of visits made by the server and profit function using the semi Markov process and regenerative point technique. Tables are used to explore the performance of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work focuses on the Internet of Things (IoT) idea utilizing an intelligent (or smart or innovative) city model with the support of Raspberry Pi. Using Raspberry Pi, this model examined the strategy and execution of a smart city established on the Internet of Things. This study attempts to create an urban IoT system utilizing Raspberry Pi to help smart cities solve domestic difficulties. The Internet of Things idea assists in analyzing the functions used to define the functions of the Raspberry Pi. The IoT is critical to creating a smart city concept in a developing nation like India. The various low-cost operations help analyze Raspberry Pi functionalities in the smart city model. A better Smart city development strategy has been presented when comparing the existing system, Raspberry Pi-based techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Demonstrates the method and merit of multi-sensor image fusion for LULC classification. • Generates new databases for LULC classifications of mining region using deep learning algorithms. • Comparative evaluations of an DCNN and DNN-based LULC classification are conducted. • Performances of the DCNN algorithm with the fused and unfused datasets are compared. Accurate land use/land cover (LULC) classifications using satellite data is a challenging task due to the limited spatial and spectral resolutions of different satellite data. Moreover, the challenge is more severe for LULC classification of mining regions as no standardized spectral signature is available for the detection of coal mining regions. Thus, the current study aims to design deep learning algorithms using fused data of three satellite sensors (LISS-IV, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2A) for LULC classification of mining regions. The fused image was derived from three satellite sensors using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) with a spatial correlation approach. A comparative evaluation of deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and deep neural network (DNN) models in LULC classification of mining regions is conducted. Moreover, the performances of the models with fused data are compared with the performance of the same model with individual sensor data. The study area chosen to execute the work is Jharia Coalfield, which comprises five key LULC types, viz. barren land, coal mining region, built-up area, water body, and vegetation. A total of 6000 image samples of 6 × 6 sizes and 216,000 pixels were used to train and validate the DCNN and DNN models, respectively. That is, the DCNN model uses the object dataset and DNN uses the pixel dataset for model training and validation. The DCNN model achieved high training and validation accuracies (99.8% and 99.2%), while the DNN model achieved relatively lower accuracies (85.3% and 81.8%). The study evaluates the performance of both models further by employing confusion matrix parameters to measure accuracy, error, precision, and recall for each class. The results reveal that the DCNN model consistently outperforms the DNN model, showcasing accuracy, error rates, precision, and recall ranging from 99.83% to 99.99%, 0.01% to 0.17%, 99.52% to 99.99%, and 99.40% to 99.99% on the training dataset, and 99.50% to 99.99%, 0.01% to 0.50%, 98.35% to 99.99%, and 98.33% to 99.99% on the validation dataset, respectively. In comparison, the DNN model demonstrates values ranging from 90.36% to 99.90%, 0.01% to 9.64%, 75.10% to 99.53%, and 66.99% to 99.99% on the training dataset, and 88.50% to 99.94%, 0.06% to 11.50%, 72.25% to 99.66%, and 62.50% to 99.99% on the validation dataset. These findings showed that the DCNN classification algorithm outperforms the DNN classification algorithm. Moreover, the comparative performances of the DCNN model with different datasets indicate that the model with fused images outperformed the model with individual sensor images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of radial access for therapeutic neurointervention procedures. Methods The retrospective evaluation of 20 patients taken for therapeutic neurointervention through transradial access at our institute was done from July 2021 to April 2022. Results Therapeutic neurointervention procedures were attempted in 20 patients (age, 24–74 years; mean age, 48.4 years; 13 (65%) females using a transradial approach. The radial artery's mean diameter was 2.135 mm. The right radial access was taken in 18 (90%) cases. Indications for treatment were ruptured aneurysm in 13 (65%), mechanical thrombectomy in 5 (25%), flow diversion for a recanalized aneurysm in 1 (5%), and balloon occlusion test in 1 (5%) case. The procedure was successful through the transradial approach in 18 (90%) procedures. Failure was seen in two cases that were completed after conversion to the transfemoral approach. The reason for access conversion was a severe spasm in both cases. No significant access site complications were seen in the study cohort. Conclusion A radial access route is a promising approach for therapeutic interventions with a high success rate and minimal access site complications. Interventionists should get accustomed to this approach as primary or alternative access for neurointervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, We have developed a variety of new approximate solutions for the nonlinear fractional generalized Pochhammer-Chree equation (FGPCEs) using the fractional homotopy perturbation transform method via the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative(CFFD) of order α where α ∈ (1 , 2 ]. via Laplace transform technique.we investigate all concerned wave models that have been used in the examination for the propagation of harmonic waves in a cylindrical rod and several problems in fluid mechanics and wave theory in physics. Banach's fixed point hypothesis is tested for governing the fractional-order model in order to establish the existence and uniqueness of the achieved solution. We considered the model in terms of arbitrary order with three cases and introduced corresponding numerical simulations to demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. By assigning appropriate values to free parameters, dynamical wave structures of some approximate solutions are graphically demonstrated using 2D and 3D Fig. This method can also be used to approximate the solutions of other well-known equations in engineering physics, quantum field, and other applied sciences. Furthermore, various simulations are used to demonstrate the physical behaviors of the acquired solution with respect to fractional integer order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycobacterium tuberculosis enolase is an essential glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2, phosphoglycerate (PGA) to phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP). It is also a crucial link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway. The depletion of PEP has recently been associated with the emergence of non-replicating drug resistant bacteria. Enolase is also known to exhibit multiple alternate functions, such as promoting tissue invasion via its role as a plasminogen (Plg) receptor. In addition, proteomic studies have identified the presence of enolase in the Mtb degradosome and in biofilms. However, the precise role in these processes has not been elaborated. The enzyme was recently identified as a target for 2-amino thiazoles - a novel class of anti-mycobacterials. In vitro assays and characterization of this enzyme were unsuccessful due to the inability to obtain functional recombinant protein. In the present study, we report the expression and characterization of enolase using Mtb H37Ra as a host strain. Our study demonstrates that the enzyme activity and alternate functions of this protein are significantly impacted by the choice of expression host (Mtb H37Ra or E. coli). Detailed analysis of the protein from each source revealed subtle differences in the post-translational modifications. Lastly, our study confirms the role of enolase in Mtb biofilm formation and describes the potential for inhibiting this process. • Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enolase is a key enzyme linking the glycolytic and TCA pathways. • Here we demonstrate the successful expression of functional Mtb Enolase using Mtb H37Ra as a surrogate. • Recombinant protein obtained from Mtb H37Ra demonstrated increased yield and functionality as compared to the E.coli host. • The enzymes differed in their activity, alternate functions and post-translational modifications. • Lastly, we confirmed the role of Mtb Enolase in biofilm formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continental deformation is known to be controlled by the interplay between tectonic and gravitational forces modulated by thermal relaxation-controlled lithospheric strength leading to oscillations around an equilibrium state, or to runaway extension. Using data-driven thermomechanical modelling of the Alpine Himalayan Collision Zone, we demonstrate how deviations from an equilibrium between mantle dynamics, plate-boundary forces, and the thermochemical configuration of the lithosphere control continental deformation. We quantify such balance between the internal energy of the plate and tectonic forces in terms of a critical crustal thickness, that match the global average of present-day continental crust. It follows that thicker intraplate domains than the critical crust (orogens) must undergo weakening due to their increased internal energy, and, in doing so, they dissipate the acquired energy within a diffused zone of deformation, unlike the localized deformation seen along plate boundaries. This evolution is controlled by a dissipative thermodynamic feedback loop between thermal and mechanical relaxation of the driving energy in the orogenic lithosphere. Exponentially growing energy states, leading to runaway extension are efficiently dampened by enhanced dissipation from radioactive heat sources. This ultimately drives orogens with their thickened radiogenic crust towards a final equilibrium state. Our results suggest a genetic link between the thermochemical state of the crust and the tectonic evolution of silicate Earth-like planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their capability to disrupt the oxidative protein folding environment in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thiol antioxidants, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), are used as ER‐specific stressors. We recently showed that thiol antioxidants modulate the methionine‐homocysteine cycle by upregulating an S‐adenosylmethionine‐dependent methyltransferase, rips‐1, in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the changes in cellular physiology induced by thiol stress that modulate the methionine‐homocysteine cycle remain uncharacterized. Here, using forward genetic screens in C. elegans, we discover that thiol stress enhances rips‐1 expression via the hypoxia response pathway. We demonstrate that thiol stress activates the hypoxia response pathway. The activation of the hypoxia response pathway by thiol stress is conserved in human cells. The hypoxia response pathway enhances thiol toxicity via rips‐1 expression and confers protection against thiol toxicity via rips‐1‐independent mechanisms. Finally, we show that DTT might activate the hypoxia response pathway by producing hydrogen sulfide. Our studies reveal an intriguing interaction between thiol‐mediated reductive stress and the hypoxia response pathway and challenge the current model that thiol antioxidant DTT disrupts only the ER milieu in the cell. Synopsis: Thiol antioxidant dithiothreitol (DTT) is used as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐specific stressor; however, its physiological effects beyond the ER remain obscurely defined. This study demonstrates that DTT activates the hypoxia response pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. Genetic screens in C. elegans identify that thiol reductive stress by DTT activates the hypoxia response pathway.DTT pretreatment protects C. elegans against cyanide‐mediated killing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The hypoxia response pathway has opposing roles in regulating thiol toxicity.DTT exposure leads to hydrogen sulfide production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart city model on Raspberry Pi. It assesses the design and implementation of a smart city based on the Internet of Things using Raspberry Pi. The main aim is to develop an urban IoT system that will aid in the realization of a smart city while also resolving domestic issues using Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is an essential component of the smart city model's implemented system. The concept of the IoT helps analyze the functions used to define the functions of Raspberry Pi. By considering the developing country such as India, IoT plays an essential role in building a smart city model. In this work, the different low-cost operations have been analyzed based on the functions of Raspberry Pi for the smart city model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost half of the world's population is women, so how can it be possible that any discipline is one-sided or only male-oriented? Similarly, all meta-theories cannot impose rules and regulations on the whole world as international relations theories just by being malevolent. In this case, the only alternative is to foster feminist theory, not ignore them as often occurs in IR theories, which implies demeaning them through various conceptions. This can be considered a one-sided perspective or approach to understand the world, which divides men and women into supremacists and subordinates respectively. Feminist IR, therefore, stands as an alternative approach to understanding the masculine IR that questions it as well as provides ‘reflective theories’ from literature to psychology to history, and has been seeking a safe place in IR for the last four decades as a serious academic discipline. This article will try to examine the feminist theories of the IR discipline as an alternative approach, for which descriptive and analytical method was adopted for this explanatory research. As a result, it has been found that feminist IR has searched out the gap between IR theories and it has been given a new shape to IR discipline in the form of a critical feminist IR theory as an alternate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The simplest, cost-effective, and relatively recent classification of cirrhosis is based on the serum albumin and total bilirubin, the albumin-bilirubin score (ALBI score) which has been found to not only characterize the stage of cirrhosis but can also predict the prognosis with high degree of sensitivity and specificity. As ALBI utilizes two common, easily available, repeatable, and cost-effective blood tests, it is the most preferred and reliable, prognostic score for estimating the mortality rates in patients with last stage of cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to assess of the severity of decompensated liver cirrhosis using albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score. Material and Methods: Inclusion Criteria is Patients >18 years of age and both sex with decompensated liver cirrhosis (known or newly detected) irrespective of etiology. Exclusion Criteria are Patients with acute liver failure, Patients with coexisting chronic kidney disease, Patients with overt proteinuria, Patients being treated for acute infectious disease. Results: A total of 100 participants were taken in our study, out of which 74 (74%) were male and 26 (26%) were female. A majority of patients belong to 41-50 yrs group (39%). A total number of 93 (93%) participants did not require oxygen support and the remaining 7 (7%) participants were on oxygen support. Among participants with grade 1 hepatic encephalopathy 8 out of 10 belong (71.4%) to grade 3 ALBI, 11 of 11 (100%) participants from grade 2 hepatic encephalopathy belonged to grade 3 ALBI score, 15 out of 18 (83%) grade 3 HE belongs to ALBI grade 3, 3 out of 5 (60%) from grade 4 HE belongs to ALBI grade 3. The mean albumin in survived patient was 2.48 with standard deviation of 0.49 & in expired patient it mean was 2.58 with standard deviation of 0.63 with p value of 0.415. In Survived patient mean INR was 1.80 with standard deviation of 0.72 & in expired patient mean was 2.27 with standard deviation of 1.12 p value being 0.014. Conclusion: Albumin-bilirubin score (ALBI score) is a recently developed score that utilizes the total serum albumin and bilirubin to generate the scores utilized for staging the disease. It has been described to be safe, simple, costeffective, reliable, reproducible, and repeatable score for staging the severity of cirrhosis as well as predicting the mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A large proportion of amputations of lower extremity secondary to aPAD is the major cause of significant disability and hence economic burden on individual and as well as the healthcare system in developing countries like India. LEAD is characterized by a spectrum ranging from no symptoms, intermittent claudicating, pain at rest to finally non-healing wounds & gangrene. ABPI is a not only a sensitive but cost-effective screening tool for LEAD. Pulse oximetry (PO) which is a simple, noninvasive, readily available & inexpensive tool for measurement of oxygen saturation in peripheral blood (SpO2). This study was conducted to comapre (ABPI) plus Pulse oximetry with Duplex Ultrasound in detecting LEAD in Diabetes Mellitus. Material and Methods: Inclusion Criteria: Adults more than 40 years with known diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Exclusion Criteria: Patient having lower limb amputation, fracture, or gangrenous limb, Patient with pedal oedema or ulcer, Previous history of hypercoagulable states, congestive heart failure, suspected arteritis, or collagen vascular diseases, Patients with coarctation of aorta & Patients with pre-existing diagnosis of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). Results: This study was carried out at TMMC & RC (Moradabad, UP). It was a prospective hospital based observational study. Out of 55 participant 30 (54.5%) are smoker and 25 (45.5%) are non-smoker. Among 30 smoker 29 (96.7%) are pulse oximeter positive and 1 (3.33%) are pulse oximeter negative. In our study, Right limb analysis suggestive of 75% of sensitivity, 39.1% of specificity, 63.2% of PPV and 52.9% of NPV. Right ABPI has 60% of accuracy. Left limb analysis suggestive of 65.5% sensitivity, 42.3% specificity, 55.9% PPV and 52.4% NPV. Left limb ABPI has 54.5% of accuracy. Left limb pulse oximeter method analysis suggestive of 93.1% sensitivity, 23.1% specificity, 57.4% PPV and 75% NPV. Left limb pulse oximetry method has 60% of accuracy. Average pulse oximeter analysis: 91.8% sensitivity, 22.4% specificity, 60% PPV and 68.7% NPV. Average ABPI had an accuracy of 60.9%. Conclusion: A combination of ABPI & PO is most sensitive with highest negative predictive value. These methods are simple, cost effective, quick, non-invasive and easily available tools. Hence, detection of LEAD should be a part of regular work-up of DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The study focused on the significance of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as replacement of brick dust. Compression, tension, rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) and water absorption test (WA) is analyzed. Study revealed that the produced geopolymer concrete showed better properties over normal concrete. Up to 10% GGBS replacement with calcined clay, exhibits enhanced compressive strength. Chloride ion permeability tests showed that GPC is superior to normal concrete of all ages in its resistance to chloride ion penetration. On increasing brick dust proportion, mass loss minimized due to sulfate attack. Compressive strength has low relationship with water absorption (0.6618). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]