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The ever-increasingly stringent emission objectives and restrictions have not been able to alleviate the serious danger that road traffic emissions bring to human health. Several EU countries' older vehicle fleets continue to contribute significantly to particulate matter (PM) emissions, despite the new passenger car laws' successfully reduce the PM emissions. It has also been demonstrated that various driving situations, such as sub-zero running temperatures, impact the emissions, and the toxicity of particulate matter (PM) emissions from various novel biobased fuels is still up in the air. Generally speaking, there is a dearth of both theoretical and empirical information regarding the toxicity of various PM emissions and circumstances. This study demonstrates that at sub-zero temperatures, exhaust gas particulate matter (PM) from recently controlled passenger cars powered by various fuels can cause toxicological reactions in laboratory settings. Using exhaust gas volume-based PM doses and an older diesel vehicle, we were able to assess the impact of the new emissions regulations and gain a clearer grasp of the actual exposure. Toxicological reactions and particulate matter (PM) concentrations were highest in E20 gasoline in vehicles that were required to comply with the new standards, but E80, a higher methanol blend, produced exhaust gas PM concentrations that were marginally lower and significantly lower, respectively. Engines that ran on modern diesel and LNG produced the fewest particulate matter (PM) concentrations and toxicological reactions. The current research demonstrates that different fuels have different levels of harmful exhaust gas PM. The increased emissions limits were beneficial, as previous diesel cars produced far more particulate matter (PM), which was both more concentrated and more harmful than what modern cars produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The galactose-specific lectin from the seeds of Dolichos lablab has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. The crystals belong to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 73.99, b = 84.13, c = 93.15 Å, α = 89.92, β = 76.01, γ = 76.99°. X-ray diffraction data to a resolution of 3.0 Å have been collected under cryoconditions (100 K) using a MAR imaging-plate detector system mounted on a rotating-anode X-ray generator. Molecular-replacement calculations carried out using the available structures of legume lectins as search models revealed that the galactose-specific lectin from D. lablab forms a tetramer similar to soybean agglutinin; two such tetramers are present in the asymmetric unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the root development of lateral incisor on the cleft side with the root development of its contralateral tooth in cleft lip and palate children., Setting: Cleft lip and palate wing, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, South India., Materials and Methods: A sample of 96 orthopantamograms of patients with unilateral orbilateral cleft lip and/or cleft palate was selected, regardless of sex and race., Main Outcome Measure: Orthopantamograms were analyzed for root development of lateral incisor on the cleft and non cleft side. Associated anomalies like hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, malformed lateral incisors and root development of canine, if present, were recorded., Findings and Conclusions: Root development of permanent lateral incisor was delayed on the cleft side compared to the non cleft side. There was a statistically significant relationship between levels of root development of lateral incisors on the cleft side within the different study groups(P < 0.05). Incidence of hypodontia increased in proportion to cleft severity. Frequency of missing second premolars, supernumerary teeth and malformed lateral incisors increased in cleft lip and palate patients. Root development of canine showed a slight delay on the cleft side when compared to the canine on the noncleft side.

C-erbB-2 is a protooncogene that is overexpressed in various cancers, either due to its amplification and/or increased transcription, and has been associated with more aggressive disease and a poor clinical prognosis in 20-30% of patients with breast cancer. Besides the prognostic factors such as tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, etc., which are significant in the management of breast cancer, C-erbB-2 level might also serve as an additional factor. Immunohistochemistry is the most frequently used method to study the expression of C-erbB-2 in breast cancer. We have generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies against C-erbB-2 oncoprotein with a view to evaluate their application for the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. In the present study, a simple, quantitative sandwich ELISA has been developed that uses two monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of C-erbB-2 product, designated as CIBCgp185 as the capture antibody and CIBCHER-2 as the detector antibody. C-erbB-2 protein, isolated from BT474 cells, a human breast carcinoma cell line with high expression of C-erbB-2 and purified by Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and HPLC has been used to develop the ELISA procedure. Sera samples of 150 healthy women donors and of 300 breast cancer patients with different histological types of malignancies have been analysed. The control women had serum C-erbB-2 in the range of 4.0-13.2 ng/mL, whereas the 300 breast cancer patients studied had a range of 4.8-75.2 ng/mL with a cut off value of 13.8 ng/mL. Our study showed that 18.6% of breast cancer patients had elevated levels of circulating C-erbB-2. These results might suggest that the serum C-erbB-2 level can be used as a potential tumor marker for breast cancer and that the Sandwich ELISA procedure might serve as an excellent alternative to immunohistochemistry in the near future.