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Blockchain technology has emerged as a formidable force ready to transform the pharmaceutical business. This study investigated the integration of smart contracts and decentralised apps as potential future possibilities, emphasising their ability to automate crucial operations and strengthen pharmaceutical product integrity, based on the recently published articles in PubMed between 2015 to 2023 with "pharmacology" and "blockchain" as search keywords. Recent study backed up the idea that blockchain can improve openness, security and efficiency in the industry. According to research, it has the ability to speed up regulatory approvals while also considerably reducing the risk of counterfeit medications penetrating the supply chain. Furthermore, the ability of blockchain to disrupt existing intermediaries and enable disintermediation may result in a more streamlined and efficient industry. While there are implementation obstacles, the benefits of this technology in medicines are significant. Embracing blockchain promises a future of increased security, transparency and patient-centric-ity, ultimately changing healthcare. This article explored blockchain application in the pharmaceutical sector with innovations like Medledger and chaincodes, addressing drug tracing and supply chain security. It presents a structure for a private network using Hyperledger Fabric, showcasing blockchain's potential to enhance transparency, security and efficiency beyond traditional areas.

Introduction/Objective Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most frequent type of headache, affecting approximately 1.89 billion individuals globally. It is characterised by dull, agonising head discomfort, a sensation of tightness within the head, and tenderness of the scalp, neck, and shoulders. Coffee is a beverage made from roasted coffee beans. Coffee constituents can act as CNS stimulants, scavengers of free radicals, and have antioxidant properties. The major goal of this study is to assess the relationship between TTH and coffee consumption among medical students. This study also intends to inquire about medical students' daily coffee consumption form and amount, as well as their preference for coffee over other pharmacological treatments in headache relief. Methods Between August 31, 2023, and September 21, 2023, a pan-India cross-sectional analysis was carried out across several medical colleges in India. A self-administered questionnaire was utilised to collect data using Web-based links. Results 80% of the students experienced headaches in their everyday lives and 51.82% of students used coffee to relieve those headaches. The prevalence of TTH in coffee users was 13.06%. The prevalence of TTH in students who do not consume coffee was 12%. About 57% of students consumed about 1 tablespoon of coffee per day. In addition to that, 26.13% of students believed that coffee was equally as effective as pharmacological agents in treating headache and 11.06% of students believed that coffee was more effective than pharmacological agents. Conclusion Based on these results, we were not able to confirm a therapeutic effect of coffee on tension-type headache (TTH). On the contrary, the prevalence of TTH headaches was found to be marginally higher in coffee consumers.

Background/Aim: From accurate diagnostics to personalised treatment plans, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise healthcare. The abundance of medical data has led to AI being employed for accurate diagnoses, treatment protocols and patient care. Students' perception of AI integration in medical education is crucial for its successful implementation. This study aimed to assess the acceptance and understanding of AI integration among students in medical education across different regions of India through a cross-sectional observation. Methods: A pan-India survey was conducted among medical students between 1 August 2023 to 20 August 2023 with a pre-validated questionnaire covering AI awareness and understanding through Google Form, circulated via WhatsApp. Results: A total of 730 medical students completed the survey of which 58.6 % were males and 41.4 % were females. Most students (80.7 %) knew about AI, but 53.6 % had limited awareness of AI in medicine. Opinions on AI integration was diverse, with 46.8 % in favour. Workshops (45.2 %) and lectures (31.1 %) were preferred learning formats. Students were interested in various AI topics and expect AI to positively impact medicine (45.9 %). Radiology, surgery and general medicine were predicted to be most influenced by AI. Concerns about overreliance on AI (49.2 %) and lack of empathy (43.7 %) were highlighted. Conclusions: Medical students in India display a keen interest in AI and its integration into medical education. To fully harness AI's potential in healthcare, comprehensive AI curricula and faculty training are needed. Students are aware of the challenges and opportunities, emphasising the importance of balanced AI adoption in medical practice and education.

In 2022, the concept of one-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelets was introduced by the authors. Building upon this research, the present article extends the study to two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelets. It defines and verifies the two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelet expansion for a functions of two variables. The paper proposes a novel algorithm utilizing the two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelet method to address computation problems in approximation theory. To demonstrate the validity and applicability of the results, the methods are illustrated through an example and compared with well-known Chebyshev wavelet methods. The research includes error analysis and convergence analysis for signals f belonging to the Lip(α,β)Ω2 (R), where Ω² is a finite connected domain in R², classes using these wavelets. Furthermore, the paper estimates the error of approximation for a functions in the Lipschitz class using orthogonal projection operators of the two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelets. These findings represent significant advancements in wavelet analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging material, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) may be useful for a number of promising technological applications, including energy conversion and storage devices. Among the limiting factors of Co3O4 are its small surface area as well as its poor electrical conductivity. Our study describes the controllable synthesis of Co3O4 nanostructures using a renewable source in the form of potato peel extract, which is an abundant and inexpensive source of starch. Surface active features were observed along with significant changes in structure, crystal orientation, and surface chemical composition. As a result of detailed characterization of phase purity, shape orientation, crystal structure, and surface chemical composition, the as-synthesized Co3O4 nanostructures were fabricated as electrode materials and investigated for supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) applications. The optimized Co3O4 nanostructures comprising 10 mL of potato peel extract have demonstrated a highly improved pseudo-capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 1453.13Fg− 1 and a specific energy density of 32.29 Wh/Kg at a current density of 1.25 Ag− 1 in 3.0 M KOH electrolytic solution. It was determined that the electrode materials have a cycling stability of 96–99% over 30,000 repeatable cycles with a columbic efficiency of 95–100%, which indicates the high practicality of the electrode materials. The OER performance of 10 mL of potato peel extract assisted Co3O4 nanostructures was also evaluated using 1.0 M KOH. An fabricated Co3O4 nanostructure derived from potato peel extract exhibited an overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mAcm− 2 and a Tafel slope of 72 mV dec− 1 in 1.0 M KOH. Furthermore, the constructed electrode material was extremely durable for a period of 30 h at two different constant-current densities of 20 mAcm− 2 and 40 mAcm− 2. Among the attributes that contribute to the superb performance of the newly developed Co3O4 electrode materials are the fascinating morphology, the reduced size, the enriched active surfaces, and the high degree of compatibility. Overall, the findings of this study establish that potato peel extract can serve as a valuable source of starch for the development of next-generation of electrode materials for efficient energy storage and conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]