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In this paper, we study the concept of nearness between L-fuzzy rough sets and the concepts of L-fuzzy rough grills and L-fuzzy rough δℱ-clusters on a Čech L-fuzzy rough proximity space (X,δℱ). Also, we investigate the relationship among L-fuzzy rough grills, L-fuzzy rough δℱ-clan and L-fuzzy rough δℱ-clusters. Moreover, we introduce the L-fuzzy rough LO-proximity spaces and study some of its basic properties. An adequate number of examples support the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn the present work, the thermal-hydraulic performance of a fin and tube compact heat exchanger (FTHE) with different spatial arrangements of tubes and variations of tube diameter is investigated numerically. The three types of spatial arrangement of the tubes, namely inline, staggered row (SR), and staggered column (SC) arrangements, and five different tube diameters starting from Dc = 6.51 mm to Dc = 10.51 mm considered with a constant increment of 1 mm, are investigated for the augmentation of the heat transfer. The entire analysis is conducted under the low inlet velocity ranging from 0.7 m/s to 1.1 m/s. The results indicate that FTHEs (flow-through heat exchangers) have better thermal-hydraulic performance when arranged in staggered column configurations compared to inline and staggered row arrangements. However, it was observed that the pressure drop increased in staggered column arrangements compared to inline and staggered row arrangements. The performance ranking method MOORA is applied to optimize the spatial arrangements of tubes. The study’s findings suggest that the performance of FTHE is better in the case of staggered column arrangements, which offer a fair agreement with performance evaluation criteria (PEC3 = Q/(Pf +Pp)). After achieving the staggered column arrangement as an optimum spatial arrangement of the tubes, the influence of tube diameter on the performance of FTHEs is investigated for this arrangement only. The findings indicate that when the tube diameter is increased, there is a corresponding increase in both the characteristics like heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop penalty. The performance ranking method MOORA is applied to get an optimum tube diameter, which is cross-checked by the TOPSIS method.  Based on PEC3 and two optimization approaches, MOORA and TOPSIS, it is revealed that a larger tube diameter leads to better overall performance of the FTHEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted on 274 Kankrej cattle maintained at Livestock Research Station, Kodamdesar, Bikaner, calved between 2012 to 2022 with the objectives to study principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) for prediction of lifetime performance of Kankrej cattle. Six early lactation traits (First lactation length- FLL, First lactation dry period-FDP, First lactation 305 days' milk yield- F305DMY, Second lactation length- SLL, Second lactation dry period- SDP, and Second lactation 305 days' milk yield- S305DMY) were used to analyze the lifetime milk yield upto 5th and 7th lactations. The MLR analysis revealed that the model containing F305DMY, SLL and S305DMY for upto 5th lactations' lifetime milk yield, and model containing F305DMY, FDP and SLL for upto 7th lactations' lifetime milk yield having R² = 68.3% and 68.5%, respectively, were found to be optimal models. PCA revealed that the first 2 principal components (FLL, F305DMY) explained more than 78% of the total variation for LTMY5 and more than 81% variation for LTMY7. In this study F305DMY was found most important early trait in prediction of lifetime production of Kankrej cattle on the basis of PCA and MLR analysis, out of which PCA was found to be better. Significant finding of this study may be helpful in developing selection methodology for Kankrej cattle after validation in a large population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In chemical graph theory, several degree‐based topological indices are introduced and put forward in the development of quantitative structure‐property relationships (QSPR)/quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSAR) studies. However, only a few of them are considered employable in the prediction of physical and chemical properties and biological activities of molecular compounds. Here, we focus our attention on some foremost characteristics of newly defined Geometric–Quadratic (GQ)$$ (GQ) $$ and Quadratic–Geometric (QG)$$ (QG) $$ indices such as prediction power, degeneracy and structure sensitivity. Based on these attributes, we discuss their comparison with other well‐established degree‐based topological indices with the help of statistical analysis and computational techniques on the data sets of octane, nonane and decane isomers. Some of the graphical approaches, statistical outcomes and computational tests exhibit the dominating nature of the GQ$$ GQ $$ and QG$$ QG $$ indices over other topological indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript presents a comprehensive performance analysis of a proposed Kretschman configured tantalum disulfide (TaS2)–mediated symmetric long-range surface plasmon resonance (SLRSPR) biosensor. The sensor performance is optimized and compared for different metals (Au, Ag, and Al) and four dielectric buffer layers, DBLs (LiF, Teflon, Cytop and MgF2), to explore the best suited metal and DBL. The 27-nm thickness of Al and 1000 nm of LiF has demonstrated the best performance by achieving smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM = 0.03 Deg.), higher values of detection accuracy (DA = 33.33 1/Deg.), imaging figure of merit (IFOM = 431,933.34 Deg.−1 RIU−1) and imaging sensitivity (Simg. = 12,958 RIU−1) for the proposed SLRSPR biosensor. The proposed LRSPR sensor show 45.32 times higher Simg., 181.03 times higher IFOM and 4.37 times higher DA than conventional SPR (CSPR) sensor. Furthermore, it exhibits 6.76 times higher Simg., 13.52 times higher IFOM and 2 times higher DA than the conventional LRSPR (CLRSPR) sensor. The proposed SLRSPR biosensor shows the highest PD (401.5 nm), indicating deep analyte sensing. The work presented here highlights the significant potential of the proposed SLRSPR biosensor in biomedical applications that require highly accurate and sensitive refractive index sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), characterized by elastin arteriopathy, presents either as a localized narrowing at the sinotubular junction or as a diffuse form with additional involvement of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and its branches. Associated lesions of the aortic valve, coronary artery narrowing, and pulmonary artery stenosis can further complicate the disease process. These patients are inherently at risk for developing myocardial ischemia, particularly in the setting of anesthesia or sedation. The left ventricular hypertrophy, secondary to the obstruction, results in increased left ventricular wall tension and myocardial oxygen consumption. Associated anatomic factors in the coronary arteries can further impair coronary blood flow. Any anesthetic drug that further increases oxygen consumption or decreases the coronary blood flow will result in an imbalance and increase the risk of cardiac arrest. We present a series of three patients with SVAS who were operated at our institute and subsequently discharged with good outcomes. The hemodynamic goal during the perioperative should aim to balance the myocardial oxygen supply-demand ratio. Extreme vigilance and aggressive resuscitative measures are needed to prevent any adverse myocardial event that can happen immediately after anesthetic induction or during periods of intense sympathetic stimulation such as laryngoscopy, sternotomy, aortic cannulation, or during emergence from anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates Darcy–Brinkman thermal convection in the stratified porous saturated suspension of active particles subjected to vertical oscillation. For a heated layer, in the context of no-slip boundaries, the derived critical numbers are found to be real-valued, which signifies that the mechanism of convection is through the stationary mode, although for a certain range of heat parameters, oscillatory convection is inevitable. The dispersion expressions are developed to characterize the stationary and overstability thresholds of the system using the Galerkin method. An attempt has been made to analyze and substantiate the significance of important parameters such as modified Darcy number (D a) , wave number (α ȷ) , and Rayleigh numbers [bioconvection (R b) , thermal (R a) , and their vibrational analogs (R v , R t) ] for the representative ranges of Péclet (1 ≤ Pe ≤ 2) and gyrotactic (1 ≤ G ≤ 5) numbers. While incremental gyrotactic propulsion encourages the decrease in bioconvection strength, higher Péclet values induce the suspension to stabilize. Porosity has a destabilizing effect that considerably lessens the ability of vertical vibration to stabilize. The layer becomes unstable due to the thermal-oscillational connection of the thermal vibration parameter, which slows the development of bioconvection blooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have determined the sharp lower and upper bounds on the fourth-order Hermitian-Toeplitz determinant for starlike functions with real coefficients. We also obtained the sharp bounds on the Hermitian-Toeplitz determinants of inverse and logarithmic coefficients for starlike functions with complex coefficients. Sharp bounds on the modulus of differences and difference of moduli of logarithmic and inverse coefficients are obtained. In our investigation, it has been found that the bound on the third-order Hermitian-Toeplitz determinant for starlike functions and its inverse coefficients is invariant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the degradation in the electromagnetic performance of an active phased array antenna and establishes the coupling relationship between the antenna array alignment/planarity to the near-field scanner probe. An analytical framework is presented to evaluate the sensitivity of radiation parameters of active phased arrays antenna due to the deviation of complex excitation vector. A laser-based positioning metrology equipment measures the near-field scanner plane to the antenna under test (AUT) plane in a global coordinate system. The antenna array surface is adjusted and aligned to the near-field scanner probe measurement plane within 1 mm (in S-band) by employing the mechanical mechanism within the positioning accuracies of 50–100 µ m . The collimation of a perfectly aligned antenna array results in the alignment of electrical and mechanical boresight of the active phased array radar. The theoretical evidence and experimental results presented powerful tools and guidelines to set a reasonable tolerance for array alignment in the near-field test range (NFTR) to achieve high performances of the active phased array antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article presents the effect of the Earth's equatorial ellipticity and the resistive force on a geocentric satellite's resonant curves. The resonance occurs in the motion of the satellite due to the frequencies, the angular velocity of the satellite, the rate of change of Earth's equatorial ellipticity parameter (γ ̇) , the steady-state angular velocity of the Moon around the Earth ( ϑ 0 ̇) , and the steady-state angular velocity of barycenter (Θ ̇) around the Sun. We express the equations of motion of the satellite in a spherical coordinate system by using the Earth's potential. By applying the unperturbed solution, we reduced the system of equations into a second-order differential equation and obtained its solution. From the solution it is observed that the resonance appears between the frequencies δ s 0 ̇ , γ ̇ , Θ 0 ̇ and ϑ 0 ̇ at ten resonant points. We analyze the resonant curves corresponding to the resonant points and show the effect of resistive force and latitude of a satellite. Also, We show the effect of eccentricity (e) and semi-major axis (a) on the oscillatory amplitudes (A i) , for i = 1 , 2 , 3 ... 21. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Increased carrier concentration enhances charge transport in TiO 2 films. • MWCNT modification leads to higher-quality perovskite layers with enhanced optical properties. • MWCNT incorporation allows precise tuning of material properties for perovskite solar cells. • Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified TiO 2 films improve solar cell efficiency. In this work, we have modified titanium dioxide (TiO 2) films by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in TiO 2 -sol. TiO 2 and MWCNT-modified TiO 2 thin films have been prepared via solution processing spin coating route. Further, the structural, optical, and surface morphology of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3) films have been studied onto pristine TiO 2 and MWCNT-modified TiO 2 films. We extensively analyze how different MWCNT concentrations impact the TiO 2 and perovskite film structure, optoelectronic properties, and surface characteristics. The findings highlight that the MAPbI 3 films maintain a tetragonal structure with enhanced crystallinity compact and smooth surface morphology in MWCNT-modified TiO 2 /MAPbI 3 films. Besides this, enhanced optical absorbance in MAPbI 3 films have also been observed on perovskite films fabricated onto MWCNT-modified TiO 2 films with enlarged grains and a red shift in optical band gap has been observed for MWCNT-modified TiO 2 films and MWCNT-modified TiO 2 / MAPbI 3 films. Further, various critical electrical parameters such as charge carrier concentration, Hall mobility, sheet resistance, and resistivity have been investigated to understand the effects of the incorporation of MWCNT on TiO 2 films. The value of carrier concentration enhances from 3.76 × 1024 cm−3 to 6.39 × 1024 cm−3 on incorporation of MWCNT in TiO 2 films. Furthermore, an enhancement in crystallinity, optical absorbance, and grain size has been observed in perovskite films fabricated onto TiO 2 /MWCNT films. Thus, TiO 2 modification with MWCNT can tune the optical and charge transport properties of charge-transporting layer TiO 2 films for perovskite photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigated the resonant curves of geo-centric satellite due to the rate of change in earth's equatorial ellipticity parameter (γ ˙) , moon's angular velocity around the earth (ϑ ˙) , and angular velocity of bary-center (Θ ˙) around the sun. We expressed the equations of the motion of the satellite in a spherical coordinate system using the earth's potential. The system of equations are reduced into a second-order ordinary differential equation and determined its solution. From the solution, it is noted that resonance appears due to the frequencies δ s 0 ˙ , γ ˙ , Θ 0 ˙ and ϑ 0 ˙ at ten resonant points δ ˙ s 0 = 2 γ ˙ , δ ˙ s 0 = γ ˙ , δ ˙ s 0 = 2 Θ ˙ 0 , δ ˙ s 0 = Θ ˙ 0 , δ ˙ s 0 = 2 Θ ˙ 0 3 , δ ˙ s 0 = Θ ˙ 0 2 , δ ˙ s 0 = 2 ϑ 0 ˙ , δ ˙ s 0 = ϑ 0 ˙ , δ ˙ s 0 = 2 ϑ 0 ˙ 3 , and δ ˙ s 0 = d o t ϑ 0 2 , where δ ˙ s 0 , Θ ˙ 0 and ϑ 0 ˙ are the steady-state value of δ ˙ s , Θ ˙ and ϑ ˙ respectively. We have drawn the resonant curves corresponding to the resonant points. From the graph, it is observed that the effect of earth's equatorial ellipticity parameter on the resonant curves are very small. Also, we have shown the effect of eccentricity (e) and semi-major axes (a) on the oscillatory amplitudes (A i) , where i = 1 , 2 , 3 ... 21 . Finally, we have analyzed the phase portrait by using Poincaré section method when the system is free from forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class of close-to-convex functions are univalent and so its subclasses. For normalised analytic functions defined on the unit disk, four subclasses of close-to-convex functions are considered and Hermitian-Toeplitz determinants for these classes are investigated. All the results presented in this article are sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supersonic ejector energy flow devices are extensively used in various applications, such as pumping, mixing, compression, etc. The conventional single-stage ejector (SSE) design approaches are inefficient for modelling an efficient ejector because of their inefficiency in minimizing mixing losses in the mixing chamber, thermodynamic shock in constant area diffuser, and utilization of redundant discharged momentum at the exit of the first stage. The physics-based single-stage ejector design has better solutions because it minimizes irreversibility due to thermodynamic shocks. The present study utilizes the constant rate of a kinetic energy change physics-based approach to design a twostage ejector (TSE) for water vapour. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool ANSYS-Fluent has been utilized to predict flow characteristics. The performance of the ejector-diffuser system has also been compared with a single-stage ejector. It is found that the performance of TSE is 70 % higher than that of the performance of SSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) immobilized on acrylic acid grafted non-woven polypropylene (AA-g-NWPP) fabric with excellent breathability has been prepared via two-step process. As NWPP fabric devoid functional groups, polyacrylic acid was grafted by thermochemical method using ammonium persulfate as an initiator, in order to incorporate carboxylate anchoring groups on NWPP fabric. The AA-g-NWPP fabric was further impregnated with Ag NPs, synthesized using trisodium citrate as a reducing agent, by immersion method. Different techniques such as FTIR, SEM, TEM, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), wettability by water contact angle, tensile testing, etc., has been employed to characterize the samples. ICP analysis was carried out to measure the loading of Ag NPs and to measure the leaching percentage of Ag NPs from Ag NPs loaded AA-g-NWPP in water and saline solution. The WVTR of Ag NPs loaded AA-g-NWPP was found to be 994 g/day.m2 which was higher than the required limit of 500 g/day.m2. The contact angle measurements confirmed the hydrophilicity of Ag NP's loaded NWPP fabric. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of Ag NP's impregnated NWPP fabric has also been tested against S. aureus and E. coli and found to show excellent antibacterial activity. The developed antimicrobial Ag NPs loaded AA-g-NWPP fabric carries great promise to be used as wound dressing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters of patients with different clinical outcomes (death or discharge) and analyse them to find out the potential predictors for mortality in children hospitalised with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients less than 18 years of age with laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and requiring hospital admission between 16 April 2020 and 31 October 2020. Results: Of 255 children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 100 patients (median age 62.5 months, 59% males, 70% with moderate to severe disease) were hospitalised, of whom 27 died (median age 72 months, 59% males and 30% severely underweight). The subgroup with comorbidities (n = 14) was older (median age 126 months) and had longer duration of stay (median 10 days). Fever and respiratory symptoms were comparable while gastrointestinal symptoms were more common among non‐survivors. Hypoxia at admission (odds ratio (OR) 5.48, P = 0.001), multiorgan dysfunction (OR 75.42, P = 0.001), presence of acute kidney injury (OR 11.66, P = 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 4.40, P = 0.003) and raised serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) (OR 4.69, P = 0.02) were independently associated with mortality. The median time from hospitalisation to death was 3 days. The deceased group had significantly higher median levels of inflammatory parameters and a higher incidence of complications (myocarditis, encephalitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock). Conclusions: Hypoxia at admission, involvement of three or more organ systems, presence of acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and raised serum C‐reactive protein were found to be independently associated with increased odds of in‐hospital mortality in children admitted with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript presents an innovative Kretschmann configured for Long Range Surface Plasmon Resonance (LRSPR) sensor for malaria detection. It utilizes tungsten diselenide (WSe 2) as a bio+molecular recognition element (BRE) layer to attach target analyte. The optimized sensor design demonstrates exceptional performance in detecting different malaria stages (Schizont with refractive index (RI) = 1.371, Trophozoite with RI = 1.381, and Ring with RI = 1.396) at a 633 nm wavelength. In comparison to conventional surface plasmon resonance (CSPR), the LRSPR biosensor exhibits a substantial improvement, a 6.67 to 10 times increase in detection accuracy (DA), an impressive 40 to 86.55 times enhancement in imaging figure of merit (IFOM), and a 6.0 to 8.66 times boost in imaging sensitivity (S img.) for the sequential detection of different stages of malaria. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations highlight a deeper penetration depth (PD) of 258.71 nm, 276.85 nm, and 373.04 nm for the detection of Schizont, Trophozoite, and Ring stages, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a rich literature on estimation of second and third Hankel determinants for normalised analytic functions in geometric function theory. It is also, therefore, natural to explore the concept of the Hermitian–Toeplitz determinants for such functions. In this paper, the sharp lower and upper estimations for third-order Hermitian-Toeplitz determinant for functions with bounded turning of order α, are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uric acid (UA) level quantification is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular, arthritis, renal disorder, and preeclampsia diseases. We report the solvent-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) which we used to make a seed layer on a conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. Vertically-arranged ZnO nanorods (NRs) were grown using a hydrothermal method. The ZnO NPs and NRs were characterized in detail, which revealed the smaller sizes (10–15 nm) of the NPs and the vertically-arranged nature of the NRs. Furthermore, a highly sensitive UA biosensor was constructed with vertically-arranged ZnO NRs. The electrochemical characterization of the UA biosensor (Nafion/uricase/ZnO NRs–ZnO NPs/FTO) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated linearity over a wide UA concentration range (0.01–1.5 mM) with a high sensitivity (345.44 μA mM−1 cm−2) and limit of detection (LOD; 2.5 μM). The biosensor also showed good selectivity, high reproducibility, and enhanced shelf-life. Additionally, practical feasibility was tested in a real (i.e., human blood serum) sample. The boosted UA biosensor performance is attributed to the vertically-arranged ZnO NRs, which immobilize a large amount of enzyme owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio, compared to flat surface-based biosensors. The present strategy, using vertically-arranged ZnO NRs on NP-seeded electrodes, can be extended to fabricate different ZnO NR-based chemical/biosensing devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a strategy has been executed to reduce the trap states in as‐synthesized CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) by using the capping of trioctylphosphine (TOP) which is further evident by the ultrafast spectroscopic technique. Moreover, the excitation source powers and unvarying excitation energy‐dependent studies were carried out to compare the hot carrier (HC) cooling dynamics in the PQDs and TOP‐capped CsPbBr3 PQDs (TOP‐PQDs) to explain the diminution of trap states in TOP‐PQDs. The HC cooling time has been calculated and found that 469.2 fs for PQDs whereas 394.8 fs is for TOP‐PQDs, respectively. From these HC cooling times, it can be concluded that TOP‐PQDs is more capable to intensify the process of HC relaxation from the higher energy states to the conduction band and contribute to suppress the charge trappings that supports the radiative recombination, which demonstrates the enhancement in the PL intensity and PLQY (i. e. 98.8 %). Likewise, and simultaneously at the excitation wavelength e.g. (λexcitation=410nm,3.02eV) , TOP‐PQDs show an improved ground state bleaching (GSB) intensity signal than PQDs at three excitation source powers (e.g.P=300μW,200μW,and100μW) in the following order: TOP‐PQDs P=300μW> PQDs P=300μW , TOP‐PQDsP=200μW> PQDsP=200μW , and TOP‐PQDs P=100μW> PQDs P=100μW , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes motion planning of an underwater redundant manipulator with revolute joints moving in a plane under gravity and in the presence of obstacles. The proposed motion planning algorithm is based on minimization of the total energy in overcoming the hydrodynamic as well as dynamic forces acting on the manipulator while moving underwater and at the same time, avoiding both singularities and obstacle. The obstacle is considered as a point object. A recursive Lagrangian dynamics algorithm is formulated for the planar geometry to evaluate joint torques during the motion of serial link redundant manipulator fully submerged underwater. In turn the energy consumed in following a task trajectory is computed. The presence of redundancy in joint space of the manipulator facilitates selecting the optimal sequence of configurations as well as the required joint motion rates with minimum energy consumed among all possible configurations and rates. The effectiveness of the proposed motion planning algorithm is shown by applying it on a 3 degrees-offreedom planar redundant manipulator fully submerged underwater and avoiding a point obstacle. The results establish that energy spent against overcoming loading resulted from hydrodynamic interactions majorly decides the optimal trajectory to follow in accomplishing an underwater task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In critically ill children, sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) has significant morbidity and mortality. Aim: To estimate whether early initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has a better short-term outcome than standard PD. Methods: Early PD (n = 25) was defined as a need for PD in Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stage 2 AKI, while those fulfilling the criteria for stage 3 KDIGO were categorised as a standard PD group (n = 25). The primary outcome measure was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at discharge or at 4 weeks after initiation of PD, whichever occurred earlier. Results: A prospective cohort of 50 children (32 boys) aged 2 months to 16 years with SA-AKI who underwent PD were recruited. The most frequent indication for PD was fluid overload (40%), followed by persistent metabolic acidosis (36%). Children in the early PD group had lower creatinine and higher eGFR at discharge/4-week follow-up (p < 0.001). The duration of PD was less if it was commenced early (p < 0.04); 24 of 25 (96%) children in the early PD group were off PD within 6 days of initiation compared with 13 of 25 (52%) in the standard PD group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared with standard PD, early PD in SA-AKI resulted in a favourable renal outcome, decreased duration of PD and early discontinuation of dialysis. Abbreviations : AKI: acute kidney injury; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy; CS-AKI: cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ELAIN: early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury; ESCAPE: effect of strict blood pressure control and ACE inhibition on the progression of chronic kidney disease in paediatric patients; HIC: high-income countries; ISN: international society of nephrology; KDIGO: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; LMIC: low- to middle-income countries; PD: peritoneal dialysis; PICU: paediatric intensive care unit; RRT: renal replacement therapy; SA-AKI: sepsis-associated acute kidney injury; SYL: Saving Young Lives; SOFA: sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment score; STARRT-AKI: standard versus accelerated initiation of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The famous Littlewood–Paley conjecture is true for the starlike functions but it does not hold for close-to-convex functions. In fact, this conjecture does not hold for many well-defined subclasses of normalized univalent functions. The present work considers the classes of strongly α -logarithmic close-to-convex and logarithmic α -quasiconvex function of order β . For these classes, bounds on the initial coefficients and the Littlewood–Paley conjecture have been discussed. Applying these results, certain conditions are investigated under which the Littlewood–Paley conjecture holds for these classes for large values of the parameters involved therein. Relevant connections of our results with the existing ones are also pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cyanostilbene based AIE active molecular probes are synthesised. • Turn-on emission on aggregation is also observed in powder and thin films. • N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate decorated probe responds to hypochlorite. • Sensing mechanism proceeds via HOCl specific oxidation of thiocarbamate. • Real water sample analysis and construction of paper strips are demonstrated. In the present investigation cyanostilbene based molecular probes, PCS and PCO, bearing N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate and N,N-dimethylcarbamoyal groups, respectively, have been synthesised. These probes exhibit AIEE activity in their aggregated state in the mixed solvent system of THF: H 2 O by way of turning on their emission, which has also been observed in powder, neat thin films and hybrid polymer films. While the probe PCO is silent to ClO−, PCS exhibits a significant response towards ClO− rationalised on the basis of HOCl specific oxidation of thiocarbamate, which is also extended to detect ClO− in water samples. Additionally, applicability of the test strips of PCS for rapid on-site detection of ClO− has been demonstrated. The experimental results are supplemented by the theoretical calculations wherever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient construction of the central 1,2,4‐trisubstituted pyrrole core via one‐pot [3+2] cycloaddition/elimination/aromatization sequence‐based domino process and subsequent Pd‐mediated cross dehydrogenative coupling between the C−H bonds of pyrrole and the peripheral aryl rings enables rapid access to the pentacyclic coumarin‐pyrrole‐isoquinoline scaffolds which were smoothly elaborated to the targeted lamellarins alkaloids. The total synthesis of lamellarins Z and S with the highest overall yield reported till date, besides the synthesis of several other natural lamellarins have been realized in 5–6 steps with overall yields ranging from 20–27 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the design and development of an efficient speckle reduction device for projection imaging. The device is composed of a combination of a rod-shaped waveguide diffuser and a reflective pyramidal cavity. The simulation results reveal that the pyramidal cavity with waveguide diffuser is a highly efficient light guide comparable to the other conventional light guides. Further, the device was developed and tested experimentally on the basis of speckle contrast and image quality for both the microscopic and macroscopic objects. An acrylic rod-shaped waveguide diffuser was developed and mounted at the middle of a pyramidal shaped cavity which was fabricated using 3D printer. Four highly reflecting mirrors were installed to make the cavity reflective. The system is highly effective for the speckle suppression due to the coherence reduction via multiple scattering from the rod-shaped waveguide diffuser and multiple reflections from the pyramidal cavity. In the system, a combined effect of spatial and angular diversity along with intensity averaging leads to an effective speckle free uniform illumination. Reduced speckle contrast using the proposed system was observed up to 2%, which is nearly equivalent to mechanically moving diffuser system. The device is able to reduce speckle contrast significantly without using any moving parts and in addition, it does not consume any electrical energy. The proposed system is compact, low cost, efficient, and very effective for low to high power laser sources in speckle reduction. Experimental results are compared with stationary and rotating diffuser system on the basis of computed speckle contrast and image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia, a serious psychological disorder, causes auditory and visual hallucinations, and delusions in a person. Several studies have shown that schizophrenia imposes structural changes in human brain. Relative changes in the grey matter volume of the schizophrenia patients in comparison to healthy controls have been well explored. However, identification of relevant brain regions that exhibit grey matter atrophy and also aid in the classification of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls has not been extensively investigated. In this study, a novel application of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm has been developed to select a set of relevant features (voxels) that show grey matter changes in the brain regions attributable to schizophrenia. This study uses MRI data of 32 healthy controls and 28 schizophrenia patients. The results show notable shrink in the gray matter volume in the brain of the schizophrenia patients, mostly in inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and insula. The proposed approach yields a mean classification accuracy close to 90% with a feature set having around 70 voxels. This study may open a means of investigation of underlying neurobiology of schizophrenic brain for effective clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript highlights the efficacy of silver ions to act as a unique probe for the detection of bacterial contamination in water samples. The bacterial cell membrane adherence property of the silver ions was employed to develop two different bacterial detection assays employing colorimetric and electrochemical techniques. In one of the schemes, silver ion was used directly as a detector of bacteria in a colorimetric assay format, and in the other scheme surface-functionalized antibodies were used as a primary capture for specific detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The colorimetric detection is based on silver-induced inhibition of urease activity and silver ion utilization by bacteria for the rapid screening of enteric pathogens in water. The specific detection of bacteria uses an antibody-based electrochemical method that employs silver as an electrochemical probe. The ability of silver to act as an electrochemical probe was investigated by employing Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) for targeted detection of Salmonella Typhi. For further insights into the developed assays, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were performed. The sensitivity of the developed assay was found to be 100 cfu mL−1 for colorimetric and 10 cfu mL−1 for electrochemical assay respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a conjecture related to the estimate on the fifth coefficient of Bazilevič functions is settled for the range 1 ≤ α ≤ α ∗ (≈ 2.049) . However, for α > α ∗ , a non-sharp bound on the same is also derived. At the end of this manuscript, sharp upper bound on the functional | a 2 a 3 - a 4 | is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharp upper and lower bounds for the third-order Hermitian-Toeplitz determinant are investigated for the classes of Janowski type starlike and convex functions. The results presented in this paper generalize several recent works in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is an attempt to give partial proofs of certain conjectures on the fifth coefficient of certain normalized analytic functions. Further, bounds on the sixth and seventh coefficients for the starlike functions related to a lune are also investigated. The non-sharp bound on third and fourth Hankel determinants are also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class of functions defined using linear combination of the derivatives of ratio of the normalized analytic function with the identity function is considered in this manuscript. Further, the sharp bounds on the Hankel determinants and estimates on the higher order Schwarzian derivatives for the first three consecutive derivatives are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug related problems were found to have higher incidence among chronic kidney patients due to polypharmacy. A Drug-Related Problem is an occasion or condition connecting drug therapy that really or possibly delays by anticipated health consequences. The main objective of our present study was to identify number and type of drug related problems and to demonstrate the importance of clinical pharmacist intervention in ensuring rational drug therapy and improving therapeutic outcome in chronic kidney disease patients. A Prospective observational study was carried out in chronic kidney disease patients of 350 bedded private multispecialty hospitals. The type, Number and incidence of DRP's were identified and documented according to PCNE classification v.6.2. A total of 152 patient case sheets were evaluated during study period of 6 months, out of which 224 DRPs were identified in 108 patients. The most common drug related problem was therapeutic failure due to drug interactions, overdose (11.53%), and mild incidence of adverse drug reactions. The current study demonstrates that majority of drug related problems are preventable. So continuous identification, monitoring and intervening improves therapeutic outcome and patient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are the maximum common utilized analgesics globally. NSAID'S exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic & antipyretic effects by decreasing prostaglandins (PG) synthesis through inhibition of enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). They majorly target Gastro intestinal tract & Kidney and results in many complications such as gastritis, nephritis ending up even in chronic renal failure (CRF) and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal effects of NSAID's include decreased GFR, abnormal renal excretion. It was known from the studies that the incidence of usage of NSAID's increasing from December 2015 to 2017, out of 1830 patients on analgesics, 49 are induced with nephropathy. This case report illustrates about the patient who is on NSAID's since 3 months for the treatment of chronic inflammatory polyarthritis had developed chronic kidney disease. This article summarizes how NSAID's might disturb the kidney functioning under clinical conditions like polyarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study demonstrates a simple and economical synthetic approach for the development of a multifunctional Schiff base compound (NRSB) through the condensation reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and a five-membered heterocycle 3-aminorhodanine. The rhodanine unit was chosen due to the presence of an active electron-deficient carbonyl group. A facile chemical transformation from the closed to the open form was noticeable for rhodanine derivatives in the presence of a suitable nucleophile or an electron-rich system. Such a unique feature was invoked to develop a versatile molecular platform for the colorimetric sensing of methanol and the fluorometric detection of Al3+ ions. The nucleophilic attack by methanol on NRSB led to the formation of an open-ring compound, NRSB-O, with a distinct change in color from colorless to yellow. NRSB showed noticeable sensitivity towards methanol and the detection limit was found to be 0.43 wt%. The methanol-induced chemical transformation from NRSB to NRSB-O was probed through X-ray diffraction studies. The strong CH–π interaction between the methylene protons of the rhodanine unit and the π-electron cloud of the naphthalene unit (3.03 Å) and the π–π interaction between naphthalene and the rhodanine moiety (3.51 Å and 3.55 Å) lead to a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular structure in the NRSB crystal. NRSB-O possesses strong CH–π interactions between molecules with an intermolecular distance of 2.49 Å, leading to 2D-supramolecular self-assembly. The crystal structure revealed the scope of the chelation of NRSB-O with metal ions due to the presence of different N, O, and S donor centers. Interestingly, NRSB-O exhibited a turn-on fluorescence response specifically towards Al3+ through the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism over other competitive metal ions. The turn 'on–off' fluorescence switching was demonstrated for multiple cycles through the alternative addition of Al3+ and EDTA. The low-cost, simple design strategy of NRSB and NRSB-O as delineated in the current study would contribute to further development of task-specific molecular sensors and switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class B¯ B(α) of non-Bazilevič functions was introduced by Obradović. Later, estimates on the second coefficient and Fekete-Szegö functional for normalized analytic functions in the class B¯ B(α) were investigated by Tuneski and Darus. In the present work, sharp estimate on third to eighth coefficients for normalized analytic functions f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 + … ∊ B¯(α) are investigated. Further sharp estimate on the functional ®a2a3 - a4® is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let S B ∗ $\begin{array}{} \mathcal{S}^*_B \end{array}$ be the class of normalized starlike functions associated with a function related to the Bell numbers. By establishing bounds on some coefficient functionals for the family of functions with positive real part, we derive for functions in the class S B ∗ $\begin{array}{} \mathcal{S}^*_B \end{array}$ several sharp coefficient bounds on the first six coefficients and also further sharp bounds on the corresponding Hankel determinants. Bounds on the first three consecutive higher-order Schwarzian derivatives for functions in the class S B ∗ $\begin{array}{} \mathcal{S}^*_B \end{array}$ are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Kleiber ratio in a goat is an important parameter related to feeding and health care. The present study was undertaken to assess the kleiber ratio of 3079 Marwari goats (born from 2016 to 2021) of registered farmers under the All India Coordinated Research Project on goats (Marwari goat field unit) in semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Methods: The linear mixed model used for kleiber ratio estimation included: year of birth, sex, cluster, birth type and age of dam as fixed factors. Result: Overall least-squares means (LSM) for Kleiber ratio (KR) from birth to 3 months (KR1), 3 to 6 months (KR2) and 6 to 12 months (KR3) were 12.89±0.03, 9.69±0.05 and 4.59±0.06, respectively. Year of birth and cluster had highly significant effect on all KR. The birth type had significant on all KR except KR1. The non-significant effect of sex and age of dam were observed on all KR except KR1. The study revealed that the KR was affected by different non-genetic factors. The heritability estimates for KR1, KR2 and KR2 were 0.66±0.28, 0.07±0.07 and 0.54±0.26, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photovoltaic thermal systems can concurrently produce electricity and thermal energy while maintaining a relatively low module temperature. The phase change material (PCM) can be utilized as an intermediate thermal energy storage medium in photovoltaic thermal systems. In this work, an investigation based on an experimental study on a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system with phase change material has been carried out under the weather condition of north India to compare its output with a standalone photovoltaic system. The organic phase change material (melting point range 37 °C to 42 °C) was utilized to store thermal energy on the backside of the photovoltaic module. A sheet and tube type absorber was constructed with a spiral-shaped cooling water circulation channel within a PCM container to extract the stored heat. The energy and exergy-based analyses were performed to evaluate the performance of the PV/T PCM system in comparison to the regular PV module. A maximum reduction of 27% in module temperature was found at a water flow rate of 1 LPM. PV/T PCM system achieved the highest electrical, exergy, and thermal efficiencies of 14.32%, 15.59%, and 53.78%, respectively, while the regular PV module achieved the highest electrical efficiency of 12%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class B¯(α) of non-Bazilevič functions was introduced by Obradović. Later, estimates on the second coefficient and Fekete-Szegö functional for normalized analytic functions in the class B¯(α) were investigated by Tuneski and Darus. In the present work, sharp estimate on third to eighth coefficients for normalized analytic functions f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 + ... ∊ B¯(α) are investigated. Further sharp estimate on the functional ∣a2a3 - a4∣ is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The AA binder contains 85% GGBFS and 15% powder blended as chemical activators. • The AA binder doesn't contain conventional cement or any silicate-based activator. • The manufactured specimens using AA binder was cured in water as well as in air. • The AA binder performs well as compared to OPC in durability aspects. Abstract This paper presents properties of an alkali-activated (AA) binder that contain 85% of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and 15% of powder blended as chemical activators. The manufactured binder neither contains any conventional cement nor silicate based chemical activators that are widely used for activation. The AA binder when tested as cementitious materials as per standards, meets the specifications of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 43 grade. Using this AA binder, a design mix concrete has been prepared and the cube, cylindrical and prism specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength after curing in the air as well as in water at the different age of maturity. The test results of the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), sulfate resistivity and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) have also been presented. In this study the magnitude of strength generated by AA binder is similar to that of OPC whereas the AA binder performs well in durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The class B¯(α) of non-Bazilevič functions was introduced by Obradović. Later, estimates on the second coefficient and Fekete-Szegö functional for normalized analytic functions in the class B¯(α) were investigated by Tuneski and Darus. In the present work, sharp estimate on third to eighth coefficients for normalized analytic functions f(z) = z + a2z2 + a3z3 + ... ∊ B¯(α) are investigated. Further sharp estimate on the functional ∣a2a3 - a4∣ is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharp arc length of the image curve of a given line segment joining the points rit and -reit p0 < r < 1, 0 ¤ t ¤ 2q under the Janowski starlike and convex functions are derived. Further, length of image curve of the circle |z| r < 1 under the Janowski convex functions is also obtained. Several other results related to the arc length for many classes associated with lemniscate of Bernoulli and exponential functions are also discussed. Relevant connections of our results with the earlier known results are also pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this manuscript is to investigate sharp bound on the functional |ap+1ap+2-ap+3| for functions f(z)=zp+ap+1zp+1+ap+2zp+2+ap+3zp+3+⋯ belonging to the class Rp(α) associated with the right half-plane. Also sharp bounds on the initial coefficients, bounds on |ap+1ap+2-ap+3|, and |ap+1ap+3-ap+22| for functions in the class RLp(α), related to the lemniscate of Bernoulli, are also derived. Further, these estimates are used to derive a bound on the third Hankel determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ejectors invariably convert momentum and kinetic energy of incoming fluids into enthalpy and hence pressure. Since ejectors are primarily viewed as energy exchange devices, it would be appropriate to design an ejector with its geometry being a function of the rate of energy change. This would shift ejector design approach from conventional geometry based one to that of flow physics-based approach. Hence, the paper presents a unique approach to evolving ejector design considering it primarily to be a function energy change within the system, specifically being constant rate of kinetic energy change (CRKEC). This approach has benefits in terms of mitigating the occurrence of thermodynamic shock, which is a major irreversibility that besets conventional ejector systems. A 1-D gas dynamic model including frictional effects for a more realistic design has been developed for estimating supersonic ejector geometry based on CRKEC approach. The model has been used to predict the geometry of a supersonic air ejector for typical input parameters viz., entrainment ratio (ω) ∼0.53, recovery ratio(ζ) ∼1.4, primary stagnation pressure(P op) ∼5. 7 bar , secondary stagnation pressure(P os) ∼0. 7 bar. The results have been verified through detailed numerical analysis using Navier-Stokes system of equations with turbulence in a 2-D axi-symmetric formulation. Also, the experimental results on the developed prototype, which have also been discussed, are observed to be in close agreement with predictions of 1-D gas dynamic model and the numerical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For given real numbers α and β(α<1<β), let P(α,β) be the class of analytic functions p with p(0)=1 satisfying α

In the present study, co-cultures of the methanotrophs Methylocella tundrae , Methyloferula stellata , and Methylomonas methanica were evaluated for improving methanol production with their application. Among the different combinations, the co-culture of M. tundrae and M. methanica increased methanol production to 4.87 mM using methane (CH 4 ) as feed. When simulated biogas mixtures were used as feed, the maximum methanol production was improved to 8.66, 8.45, and 9.65 mM by free and encapsulated co-cultures in 2% alginate and silica-gel, respectively. Under repeated batch conditions, free and immobilized co-cultures using alginate and silica-gel resulted in high cumulative production, up to 24.43, 35.95, and 47.35 mM, using simulated biohythane (CH 4 and hydrogen), respectively. This is the first report of methanol production from defined free and immobilized co-cultures using simulated biogas mixtures as feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive sharp upper bound on the initial coefficients and Hankel determinants for normalized analytic functions belonging to a class, introduced by Silverman, defined in terms of ratio of analytic representations of convex and starlike functions. A conjecture related to the coefficients for functions in this class is posed and verified for the first five coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized YMnO 3 and ZnFe 2 O 4 composites, (1-x)YMnO 3 /x(ZnFe 2 O 4 ) with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 by high temperature sintering. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate the successful formation of composites. Weak ferromagnetism is manifested below Néel temperature (T N ) for pristine YMnO 3 , according to (M-H) study performed at 10 K. For (1-x)YMnO 3 /xZnFe 2 O 4 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) a thin coercivity is observed in all compositions, due to short range magnetic ordering at low temperature after the insertion of ZnFe 2 O 4 . For pristine YMnO 3 explicit divarication between FC-ZFC curves is observed, with crimps observed in both FC and ZFC curves at 75 K, which is the T N of YMnO 3 . For 1-x(YMnO 3 )/x ZnFe 2 O 4 composites (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) crimps are perceived only in ZFC curves at slightly varying values of 39.8, 42.32 and 45.63 K respectively. Anomalous peaks are observed in high temperature dielectric curves above 400 K for 1-x(YMnO 3 )/xZnFe 2 O 4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) composites due to Maxwell-Wagner relaxation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A Schiff base viz., 2,3‐bis‐(3, 5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene) amino maleonitrile (TBCN), having donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type constitution exhibited Cu2+ and Zn2+ guided specific modulations in its ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) characteristics. The corresponding naked eye changes for Cu2+ and Zn2+ involved the shifting of characteristic ICT band of TBCN at ∼472 nm (yellow) to ∼ 566 nm (pink) and ∼590 nm (indigo blue) respectively in a semi‐aqueous medium (EtOH:H2O in a ratio of 8:2 v/v). The TBCN as well as its ensembles with Cu2+ and Zn2+ were fully characterized through their single crystal XRD studies along with spectroscopic and mass spectral studies. The DFT and the time‐dependent DFT calculations provided a genuine rationale for separate naked eye colorimetric changes of TBCN for Cu2+ and Zn2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]