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Background: Rotator cuff disease encompasses a wide range of pathology from minimal bursal or articular side irritation and tendonitis to severe degenerative rotator cuff arthropathy. Rotator cuff pathology affects adults of all ages and other shoulder afflictions must be ruled out by careful history and physical examination. Arthroscopic surgery allows for a shorter recovery time and predictably less pain following procedure than any open surgery.Materials and methods: We did a prospective study on 32 patients of age more than 40 years of age with degenerative rotator cuff tear, who met the inclusion criteria and were operated using single row technique of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and were followed up at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months and pain, function, muscle power and range of movements were assessed by ASES and UCLA scoring system.Results: The mean age of the patients was found to be 54.94 years. The Male: Female ratio in our study was found to be 3:1. The average ASES score in the pre-operative and post-operative period was found to be 22.66 and 89.53 respectively. The average UCLA score in the pre-operative and post-operative period was found to be 8.97 and29.13 respectively.Conclusion:Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with single row repair provides early pain relief and improves mobility, strength as well as patient satisfaction post operatively. Key words: Single row repair, Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, UCLA scoring, ASES shoulder score index.

Background: Osteoarthritis of knee is a common joint disease, with a prevalence of about 30 percent of individuals older than 60 years of age. Medial compartmental OA Knee, is by far the most prevalent variant of degenerative tibio-femoral joint disease and makes upto90% of uni-compartment knee OA. Proximal Fibular Osteotomy (PFO), which essentially is resection of upper fibular diaphysis, had become increasingly adopted for the surgical intervention in the last decade.Aim: To Assess the functionaland radiological Outcome In Patients Who Had Medial Compartment Knee Arthritis following Proximal Fibular Osteotomy. Materials and methods: The study was done in the Department of Orthopaedics, at Chettinad Hospital & Research institute, Tamil Nadu. The study population included total 22 cases with knee medial compartmental osteoarthritis and underwent Proximal Fibular Osteotomy.Results: In our study, mean age group of cases was 52.51 years. The mean post-operative VAS was 1.4 which was significantly lesser than pre-operative value. Significant improvement in the functional and clinical outcome, was observed. The post-operative medial joint space and knee joint ratio, were significantly enhanced.Conclusion: PFO is a suitable option for pain relief, as well as to achieve a painless knee ROM to benefit activities of daily life in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis. Keywords: Proximal Fibular Osteotomy, Medial Compartment, Knee Osteoarthritis

Aim:To determine the functional outcome of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using semitendinosisgracilis graft, in patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study, of the patients Aged >18 years to

Introduction :- The use of the acromioclavicular hook plate to treat lateral-third clavicle fractures is controversial . This is believed to be a result of issues with the hook plate such as impingement symptoms, which can result in chronic pain and movement limitations. Our goal was to assess the radiological functional outcome of individuals with lateral end clavicle fractures managed with subacromial hook plate. Methods And Methodology :- We prospectively reviewed all 16 patients who underwent surgery from July 2020 to August 2022 using our electronic patient information database. All patients were assessed in the out patient department to determine both Oxford and Constant shoulder scores to assess the clico-functional outcomes. Among 16 patients who underwent surgery with the hook plate Results:- , 10 male and 6 female. The mean age was 36.2 years. The median length of hospital stay was 4 days. The median follow-up was 12 months. The median time from date of injury to surgery was 7 days one patient presented 4 months after injury. The mean time for fracture union was 3 months from the date of surgery and the union rate was 95%. In total, 13 of plates were removed. The median time for implant removal was 4.5 months. In a case of fracture lateral end of Conclusion: Clavicle, open reduction and internal xation with clavicular hook plate achieves reliable internal xation with early mobilization. In view of this we state that clavicular hook plate is an reliable option for treating these types of fractures.

Fracture neck of femur which are displaced, do not nd a place in the elderly where the head can be preserved even if there is a surgical intervention. Fixation devices like the DHS have time and again failed to satisfactorily treat these fractures. It's here that the Bipolar Hemi Arthroplasty comes to us, as a very handy operative tool. The question is, whether or not the stem of the Bipolar, be cemented or not. The problems of cementation in the elderly carries the risk of BCIs – the bone cementing implantation Syndrome; which can at times be fatal. Cementation makes, future needed Total Hip Replacement, more difcult. In this prospective study of patients conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, South India ; we have chosen an age group between 61 to 75 years, with an inclusion criterion satisfying type III or IV Garden, but also at the same time, be classiable, as a type A or type B DORR's classication. Our male to female ratio was 1:2 the mean age was 68.5 years and 93.3% (n=84) of patients undergoing un-cemented Hemi-Arthroplasty, when graded by HHS were either Excellent or Good. We had no Poor outcomes in our study. Our minimum follow up was for 12 months, with a mean follow up of 23.5 months. All our cases were done by the Southern Moore's approach, with an average duration of surgery at 82 minutes. The blood loss on an average was 285 ml and the average blood transfusion rate was at 1.8 units. The average post operative stay was for 12 days. From this short-term prospective study, we concluded that Un-Cemented Hemi-replacement Arthroplasty gives Good to Excellent clinico-functional outcomes. It also does not cause any hindrance, if future Total Hip Replacement, is required. Our complication rates were also manageable, with only about 6.7% (n=6) patients, needing revision surgery due to stem loosening.

Introduction:Lumbar canal stenosis is dened, as an abnormal narrowing of the ligamento-osseous canal of the lumbar vertebra or of the foramina intervertebralis, causing a direct compression or a compromise of either the dural sac or the nerve root or indirectly to their vasculature producing symptoms of radiculopathy or and claudication.Patient whose symptoms do not show improvement after non-surgical or conservative trial, become eligible for surgical relief. AIM: To Prospectively analyze, Canal decompression, interbody Lumbar fusion with or without posterior stabilization with postero-lateral bone grafting, in cases presenting with MRI proven Lumbar Canal Stenosis, not responding to conservative management. Materials and Methods:Our study was done in Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute from January 2016 to December 2020, Follow-up period was for a minimum period of 12 months. 54 patients participated in the study.JOA and VAS score was recorded at the end of 12 months postsurgery to analyze the functional outcome. Results: There were 32 males and 22 females in the study.Our mean male JOA score was pre-operatively 9.88 which improved to 14.8 at the 12th month follow-up. Our mean JOA for females was at 8.3 which improved post operatively to 13.8.The mean VAS score pre-operatively in the men th and women were 7.4 and 8.6 respectively. This, at the 12 month follow up dropped to 0.8 and 1.2 for men and women respectively.The complications encountered in the study patients are Dural tears in 6 patients, supercial infection in 8 patients, Deep infection and Neurological decit in 4 and 3 patients respectively. All of these complications subsequently got resolved without any long term sequelae. Conclusion:In patients with lumbar canal stenosis whose symptoms do not abate, with conservative management, surgical lumbar spinal canal decompression, whether it is single level or dual level, does provide for a good clinico- functional outcome.

Background: Latarjet procedure for a recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with more than 25% of bone loss is a standard treatment with good functional outcome. In glenoid bone loss < than25%, there is no concurrence in the surgery of choice between Bankart repair, Remplissage procedure and Latarjet procedure. This study is aimed to study the functional outcome following Latarjet procedure in recurrent shoulder instability in patients with < than 25% glenoid bone loss and also to assess the instability symptoms and complications following this procedure. Methods: It is a Clinical, Prospective and Observational study on thirty patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder, with less than 25% glenoid bone loss treated with Open Latarjet Procedure, at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, done between Jan 2017 to Dec 2020, with a minimum follow-up of atleast 1year duration. Patients were post-operatively assessed functionally using Constant shoulder score, Rowe scoring system and the Walch- Duplay index score. Clinical instability was also assessed using the Anterior Apprehension and Anterior Drawer Test. Results: In our study with thirty patients, who underwent Latarjet procedure, Functional outcome of the patients were assessed using the Constant shoulder score, Rowe scoring system and the Walch- Duplay index score. The combined average percentage of Score of Scores of the three scoring systems were 74.46% had Excellent results, 14.42% had Good and 11.12% of patients had Average or Fair results. None of the patients had any instability symptoms post-operatively at the 1year post-op follow-up. Four patients had supercial Surgical Site Infections and 2 patients had developed mild to moderate shoulder stiffness. Conclusion: The Latarjet gives conrmationally Excellent to Good functional outcome and aid in the early return to activities of daily living and a fewer failure rate. In patients with Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, with even less than 25% Glenoid bone loss, it may be pertinent to primarily consider the osseous option of a coracoid transfer (Latarjet) rather than opt for simpler Open Bankart, Arthroscopic Bankart or an Arthroscopic Remplissage procedure alone. Thus, as a yardstick the bone loss concept, either on the Glenoidal or on the Humeral aspect, alone, need to be the deciding factor. The fact remains that in the athletic or otherwise Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocators, there is also a concomitant humeral component, apart from the apparent and demonstrable Glenoid defect with the “Circle concept”.

The effectiveness of orthodontic treatment depends on precise control of the anterior teeth during retraction in sliding mechanics. That is why researchers were interested in finding the appropriate loading conditions for sliding mechanics to govern anterior teeth's movement, such as the height of retraction force application and its location on the arch wire. A FEM study was conducted to evaluate the type of movement of anterior teeth during en-masse retraction by applying 200 gms of force to each side of the maxillary arch with power arms set at various levels (4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm) mesial to canine from mini-screw placed at a height of 8 mm between maxillary first molar and second premolar. A 3D model (FEM) of the maxillary arch was constructed to study the amount of labio-lingual tipping and bodily displacement of maxillary central incisor achieved. When a 200-gm power was applied to the power arm, controlled lingual crown tipping was seen at the levels of 4 mm and 6 mm, in contrast to the level of 8 mm, where bodily displacement occurred, according to this evaluation. Conclusion: In sliding mechanics, the height of the power arm plays an important role in obtaining controlled lingual crown tipping or bodily displacement during retraction of anterior teeth.

Introduction: The study that measures the existing elds of pressure between a surface that is used to support, and foot surface that is plantar, is called Pedobarography. It has important applications in the analysis of Gait and other Foot Health problems. The requirement of foot pressure measurement sensors, are that they must have mobility with limited cabling. Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study done as an outpatient procedure at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu, from January 2019 to December 2019, for foot related ailments of outpatients presenting in the Department of Orthopaedics. The foot mapping was done by standard static mapping and gait analytical mapping systems. The ndings were recorded and analyzed by a computer and the patients were prescribed custom made foot-wear. Results: 945 cases were included in the study of which 575 patients had foot related orthopaedic pain pathology in the age group of 28 to 57years. Only for the 170 patients in the plantar fasciitis group was Hydrocortisone Injection administered. Remaining foot pathologies were treated with wax bath and ultrasound therapy. For the neurological foot pain segment comprising of 114 patients, neurologist consultation was sought, of which 36 cases turned out to be, due to lumbar canal stenosis and were surgically intervened upon. Of the 208 patients with Achilles tendonitis, 165 patients resolved with a heel and sole raise, with physiotherapy and the remaining 43 patient required spur and bursal surgical exploration and excision. Conclusion: Plantar foot pressure mapping, should be an integral part of the list of investigations, while trying to diagnose and treat the problems related to foot abnormalities and pathologies.

Foliar diseases are causes major qualitative and quantitative yield loss in chilli at both field and storage condition. Management of these foliar diseases through fungicides is much needed effort. Hence, in present investigation different fungicide molecules were evaluated against leaf spot, fruit rot and powdery mildew diseases of chilli. Among fungicides evaluated, Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP @ 750 g/ha, was found most effective with least leaf spot (9.16 PDI), powdery mildew (18.63 PDI and fruit rot severity (13.45 PDI) compared to other fungicides and untreated control.Maximum fruit yield, 20.37 Q/ha was recorded in treatment Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP @ 750 g /ha which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments.The cost benefit ratio analysis of different fungicides revealed that, Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 63% WP with dosage 750 g /ha (1:15.1) found to be superior over rest of the treatments.

Early blight of tomato is serious threat to tomato cultivation and causes major yield loss. Fungicides application is only the practical way of management of diseases under severe disease incidence condition. In present study, new fungicidal molecules were evaluated against early blight of tomato under field condition. Among different fungicides, Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC with 1000 ml/ha dosage (17.14% PDI) showed the least incidence of the early blight compared to other tested fungicides and untreated control (63.63%) after 3rdfoliar sprays. Maximum fruit yield (418.30 Q/ha) was recorded in treatment Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC @ 1000 ml/ha and significantly superior over rest of the treatments.

Reinforced Rubber products are one of the most widely used composite materials in industries automobile tires hoses and conveyor belts Reinforced rubber products consist of a low strength rubber matrix and a reinforcing material of high strength and stiffness Rubber products reinforced with low volume fraction of nanofillers exhibit remarkable properties compared to rubber products reinforced with conventional fillers The properties of composites depend upon the structure of the polymer matrix nature of carbon based nanofillers and the method of preparation By adding suitable carbon based nanofillers like graphite graphene graphene oxide carbon nanotubes CNT fullerene the mechanical thermal barrier and ageing properties of the polymer can be greatly improved This review paper addresses some recent developments in rubber composites reinforced with carbon based nanofillers and the subsequent improvement of properties

Voice is one of the advanced features of natural evolution that differentiates human beings from other primates. The human voice is capable of conveying the thoughts into spoken words along with a subtle emotion to the tone. This extraordinary character of the voice in expressing multiple emotions is the gift of God to the human beings and helps in effective interpersonal communication. Voice generation involves close interaction between cerebral signals and the peripheral apparatus consisting of the larynx, vocal cords, and trachea. The human voice is susceptible to the hormonal changes throughout life right from the puberty until senescence. Thyroid, gonadal and growth hormones have tremendous impact on the structure and function of the vocal apparatus. The alteration of voice is observed even in physiological states such as puberty and menstruation. Astute clinical observers make out the changes in the voice and refer the patients for endocrine evaluation. In this review, we shall discuss the hormonal influence on the voice apparatus in normal and endocrine disorders.

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare entity with its histopathological distinction from conventional squamous cell carcinoma. It is frequently considered a high-grade carcinoma with poor prognosis because of higher rate of distant metastases. Here by, we are reporting a case of 39-year-old male with an ulcer on the left lateral border of the tongue since a month. Histopathological examination of incisional biopsy revealed basaloid tumour cell islands accompanied by component of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. To reconfirm this incidental finding immunohistochemistry was carried out for Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) which was positive to conclude diagnosis of BSCC. Further p16 staining was done to rule out Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection.

A variety of systemic drugs including corticosteroids, amiodarone and antipsychotics have been known to cause cataract formation. Typical antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine have been reported to cause cataract formation in varying rates ranging from 22% to 80%. Cataract as an adverse effect resulting from the long term use of atypical antipsychotic has rarely been mentioned in literature, and there is only a single case report of cataract formation from prolonged use of clozapine. We report a rare case of clozpine induced cataract in a young female. The patient was advised to consult her psychiatrist for a change of drug and to undergo cataract surgery.

Lumbar vessels are usually four in number on each side, the veins drain into the inferior vena cava and arteries arise as dorsal branches of the abdominal aorta. The arteries supply the posterior abdominal wall and spinal cord. The veins drain the abdominal wall and vertebral venous plexus. Both travel behind the psoas major muscle, posterior to the kidneys. During routine dissection for the undergraduate students, in two cases we found a left lumbar vein coursing anterior to the left kidney, draining into the anterior aspect of the left renal vein. In one of these cases, a left lumbar artery accompanied the lumbar vein. Developmentally, the vertical segment of the lumbar vein is perhaps the persisting posterior cardinal vein and the horizontal segment crossing the anterior aspect of the left kidney the persisting left post- subcardinal anastomosis anterior to the mesonephros. Clinically, the knowledge of this variation is important not only for the radiologist in imaging of the renal veins but also for the surgeons dealing with this area, specifically for the live donor left kidney nephrectomy using the retroperitoneal approach.

Data compression is an important area of information and communication technologies it seeks to reduce the number of bits used to store or transmit information. It will efficiently utilizes the memory spaces and allows to transmit data within a limited bandwidth. Most compression process is achieved by removing data redundancy while preserving information content. Data compression algorithms exploit some characteristics to make the compressed data smaller than the original data. Every data compression process is working with well defined algorithm. Data compression on graphics processors (GPUs) has become an effective approach to improve the performance of main memory. CUDA is a parallel computing platform and programming model invented by NVIDIA. It enables dramatic increases in computing performance with graphics processing unit (GPU).Data compression algorithms on CUDA provides better compression process. In this paper, we implement the most power full algorithm LZW on CUDA architecture. Due to the parallel characteristics of GPU, compression process time is very less than the CPU environment.

PURPOSE: To investigate the anti-ulcerogenic properties of the chloroform extract of Flemingia strobilifera root in rats. METHODS: Anti-ulcer effect was evaluated by water immersion induced ulcer in rats. Other anti-ulcer related activities of the extract such as the effects on free radicals and antimicrobial activity were also evaluated. RESULTS: Chloroform extract of Flemingia strobilifera root was found to be safe up to 300 mg/kg body weight when administrated orally in female wistar rats. Water immersion stress produced characteristic lesions in the glandular portion of the rat stomach. Pretreatment with Chloroform extract of Flemingia strobilifera root reduced the characteristic lesions in a dose dependent manner (P

Acquired perforating dermatoses (APD) is an uncommon skin disorder seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or both together. We present the clinicopathological features of APD in patients with diabetic kidney disease and discuss the recent advances in management. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 8 patients with APD presenting to our center. All patients were known cases of Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease requiring maintenance dialysis. Acquired perforating dermatoses was diagnosed based on clinical presentation of itchy, keratotic papulonodular lesions, and characteristic histopathological features of transepithelial elimination on skin biopsy. The patients were subdivided into 4 types of APD based on the biopsy features. All our patients had Type 2 diabetes over 5 years duration and were on maintenance dialysis for more than 6 months before presentation. Acquired perforating dermatoses symptoms appeared 2 to 6 months before presentation. The majority of patients (6/8) had a subtype of reactive perforating collagenosis. All the patients showed significant resolution with topical glucocorticoid therapy. Acquired perforating dermatoses is a skin complication seen in Type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or when both are present together. Early identification and therapy prevents the associated morbidity.