Search

A research experiment was conducted during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Kanpur to study the effect of irrigation, pre and post-emergence herbicides on Chenopodium album in wheat under split-plot design with four replication having four irrigation schedule and eight factors of weed management. Results revealed that application of two irrigations at CRI and active tillering stage (I1) significantly reduces the density of C. album and their fresh and dry weight with highest weed control efficiency (WCE) irrigation at CRI+ jointing+ booting+ flowering+ milking stage (I4) and irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage (I3) and it was statistically at par with irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting (I2). Among weed management practices, significantly the lowest density, fresh and dry weight of C. album and the highest WCE was recorded with the post-emergence application of broadway (carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25%WG) @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 35 DAS as compared to other treatments. None of the weed management treatments as effective as hand at 20 and 40 DAS.

Introduction: Diseases of the spinal cord are called myelopathy. They are frequently devastating. They produce quadriplegia or paraplegia with sensory deficits far beyond the site of damage. Many spinal cord diseases are reversible if recognized and treated at an early stage.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical presentation and aetiology of myelopathy among the patients attending Rajshahi Medical College Hospital with the help of history, clinical examination and investigations.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional type of descriptive study. A total 44 myelopathic patients were evaluated between January 2009 to December 2009.Result: Out of 44 patients, 33 (75%) were male and 11 (25%) were female (ratio 3:1), mean aged 35 ± 13.9 years (range 13-65 years). Among them 24 (54.5%) patients had paraparesis and 20 (45.5%) patients had quadriparesis. It was observed that majority 33 (75%) of them had compressive type and 11 (25%) patients had non-compressive type of involvement. Out of 33 compressive myelopathy, the commonest cause was cervical spondylotic myelopathy 14 (42.4%) in number. 2nd cause was Pott’s disease 8 (24.2%) in number. Syringomyelia was detected in 5 (11.4%) patients, disc herniation was in 2 (6.1%) patients, schwannoma was in 2 (6.1%) patients, lipoma was in 1 (3%) patient and 1 (3%) patient was metastasis to the vertebra. Out of 11 non-compressive myelopathy, acute transverse myelitis was detected in 9 (81.8%) patients and familial spastic paraplegia in 2 (18.2%) patients.Conclusion: All patients with myelopathy should be investigated for potentially treatable causes.TAJ 2013; 26: 48-52

Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is essential for the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer. Steroid hormones are implicated as risk factors for cervical carcinogenesis. Thus the aim of the present study is to investigate the association of serum levels of estrogen and progesterone with cervical cancer in HR-HPV infected women. Methods and materials: The present study consisted of 103 subjects infected with HR-HPV from low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) to cervical cancer. They included 37 premenopausal women (luteal phase) and 43 postmenopausal women as cancer cases (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer). Twelve women with LSIL for premenopausal and 11 women with LSIL for postmenopausal were chosen as controls. The concentration of estradiol and progesterone were estimated using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay kit. The prevalence of HPV infection was expressed as percentage of HPV positives. The data for estradiol and progesterone were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The serum levels of estradiol were not significantly altered in premenopausal and postmenopausal cases (p>0.05). However, the serum levels of progesterone were significantly increased in premenopausal cases as compared to premenopausal controls (p0.05). The ratio of estradiol to progesterone was significantly decreased in premenopausal cases (p0.05). Conclusion: A significantly elevated levels of progesterone is associated with cervical cancer in premenopausal women infected with HR-HPV.

In this paper a highly sensitive Photonic Crystal based sensor has been demonstrated. A theoretical analysis has been accomplished for Formaldehyde-Water mixture. In addition the influence of geometric variation has also been investigated. The numerical analysis of the proposed sensor is computed using Full Vector Finite Element Method. The proposed sensor shows comparatively higher relative sensitivity and lower confinement loss.

In this chapter, we introduce a new algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree (MST) of an undirected neutrosophic weighted connected graph whose edge weights are represented by an interval valued neutrosophic number. In addition, we compute the cost of MST and compare the de-neutrosophied value with an equivalent MST having the detereministic weights. Finally, a numerical example is provided.

The calcification plaque is a one kind of artifacts or noises, which is occurred in the Computed Tomography (CT) images as a very high attenuation coefficient. Computed Tomography (CT) images are more helpful than other modalities (e.g. Ultrasonic Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) etc.) for disease diagnosis but unfortunately, CT image is an affected sometime by calcification plaque. Medical image segmentation cannot be optimum because of having calcification in the CT images, which is absolutely unexpected. The calcification plaque is the major problem for optimal organ segmentation and detection. This proposed task is a subjective as well as an effective for calcification alleviation from CT images. In this paper, Firstly, we applied the Fisher's Discriminant Analysis (FDA) for optimal threshold value estimation. Secondly, the proposed optimal threshold value is used for the optimal threshold image extraction. After this, the morphological operation is used for heavy calcification erosion and the XOR operation is used for adjusting the optimal threshold image with the input image. Finally, we implemented the Extra-Energy Reduction (EER) Function to smooth the desired image. Therefore, our investigated method is the most significant and articulate in order to attenuate calcification plaque from CT images.

Medical image segmentation is a fundamental task in the medical imaging field. Optimal segmentation is required for the accurate judgment or appropriate clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we proposed automatically gradient threshold estimator of anisotropic diffusion for Meyer's Watershed algorithm based optimal segmentation. The Meyer's Watershed algorithm is the most significant for a large number of regions separations but the over segmentation is the major drawback of the Meyer's Watershed algorithm. We are able to remove over segmentation after using anisotropic diffusion as a preprocessing step of segmentation in the Meyer's Watershed algorithm. We used a fixed window size for dynamically gradient threshold estimation. The gradient threshold is the most important parameter of the anisotropic diffusion for image smoothing. The proposed method is able to segment medical image accurately because of obtaining the enhancement image. The introducing method demonstrates better performance without loss of any clinical information while preserving edges. Our investigated method is more efficient and effective in order to segment the region of interests in the medical images indeed.

The calcification plaque is a one kind of artifacts or noises, which is occurred in the Computed Tomography (CT) images as a very high attenuation coefficient. Computed Tomography (CT) images are more helpful than other modalities (e.g. Ultrasonic Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) etc.) for disease diagnosis but unfortunately, CT image is an affected sometime by calcification plaque. Medical image segmentation cannot be optimum because of having calcification in the CT images, which is absolutely unexpected. The calcification plaque is the major problem for optimal organ segmentation and detection. This proposed task is a subjective as well as an effective for calcification alleviation from CT images. In this paper, Firstly, we applied the Fisher's Discriminant Analysis (FDA) for optimal threshold value estimation. Secondly, the proposed optimal threshold value is used for the optimal threshold image extraction. After this, the morphological operation is used for heavy calcification erosion and the XOR operation is used for adjusting the optimal threshold image with the input image. Finally, we implemented the Extra-Energy Reduction (EER) Function to smooth the desired image. Therefore, our investigated method is the most significant and articulate in order to attenuate calcification plaque from CT images.

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a stabilized tool for vessel imaging in the medical image processing field. High-intense structures in the contrast image can seriously hamper luminal visualization. Metal artifacts are an extensive problem in computed tomography (CT) images. We proposed directional restoration filtering process with Fuzzy logic in order to reduce metal artifact from CT images. We create two sets by iteration process and these sets will be sorted in ascending order. After sorting we take two elements from two data sets and the tracking both elements will be selected from the second position of those sorting arrays. Intersection Fuzzy logic will be executed between two selected elements and Gaussian convolution operation will be performed in the entire images because of enhancement the artifact affected CT images. In this paper, we investigated a fully automated intensity-based filter and it depends on the gray level variation rating. This results in a better visualization of the vessel lumen, also of the smaller vessels, allowing a faster and more accurate inspection of the whole vascular structures. Index Terms—Artifact reduction, Filter, Stent wire, Computed Tomography, Restoration, Gaussian convolution

Four health foods were prepared using copra cake, sesame cake, dried mature coconut kernel without the testa, flattened rice flakes, sugar, coconut water solids, rice bran oil and sesame oil. The nutritional composition of raw materials and health foods were evaluated for various parameters such as moisture, ash, soluble and insoluble fiber (crude fiber), protein, carbohydrates, fats, fatty acid composition, oryzanol, lignans and minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc). These health foods were also evaluated for sensory acceptance. The health foods had moisture content 2.2% to 3.9%, fat 2.0% to 35.0%, ash 2.1% to 6.2%, protein 9.2% to 12.2%, carbohydrates 42.85% to 83.7%, and crude fiber 2.95% to 6.4%. Among minerals, potassium content was in the range of 39-120.6 mg/100 g, sodium 9.95-49.6 mg/100 g, calcium 7.8-219.6 mg/100 g, iron 3.1-22.0 mg/100 g and zinc 1.9-6.4 mg/100 g. Fatty acid profile was designed to include medium chain, long chain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Total phenolics content was in the range of 54.6-105.7 mg/100 g. A product with 0.6% oryzanol and 1% lignans was prepared to provide the hypocholesterolemic effect. These products were acceptable by sensory evaluation. Hence, it can be concluded that these products may be called health foods which provide health benefits to consumers.

The insecticidal and repellent activity tests of the chloroform extracts of fruit, leaf, root and stem of Urena sinuata L. against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum L. adults have been conducted. The leaf, root and stem extracts showed high toxicity by giving mortality of the beetles within 30 min. of exposure. The LD50 values for the 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposures were 0.354, 0.262, 0.209 and 0.196mg cm2 for the fruit extract; 0.587, 0.413, 0.355 and 0.299mg cm2 for the leaf extract; 0.440, 0.389, 0.340 and 0.268mg cm2 for the root extract and 0.968, 0.661, 0.491 and 0.362mg cm2 for the stem extract. The insecticidal activity can be arranged in the order of fruit> root> leaf> stem extracts. The root and stem showed repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at P

In this study, the response surface method and experimental design were applied for optimization of independent variables for clarification of sugarcane juice. A central composite design, with 6 axial points, 8 factorial points and 6 replicates at the centre point were used to build a model for predicting and optimizing clarification process parameters. The independent parameters viz Temperature (73.59, 77, 82, 87 and 90.41°C), Activated charcoal thickness (0.83, 1.0, and 1.25, 1.5 and 1.67 mm) and deola (0.063, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.74 g/l) were selected and analyzed. Statistical checks (ANOVA table, R2 value, model lack of fit test and F-value) indicating that the model was adequate for representing the experimental data. The dependent parameters measured were viscosity, °Brix, and total solids values. Optimum values of process parameters obtained by using simultaneous optimization of dependent parameters were: 77.55°C temperature, 1.5 mm activated charcoal thickness and 0.48 g/lit deola.