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3. Comparative Immune-reactivity Patterns of Arginine Vasotocin (AVT) and Melatonin Receptors (Mel1a & Mel1b) in Hypothalamic Regions of Male Japanese Quail Coturnix coturnix japonica: Possible Role in Water-Electrolyte Balance

Author

Haldar, Chandana; Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, Kumar Yadav, Sanjeev; Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, Arora, Sweta; Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, Haldar, Chandana; Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, Kumar Yadav, Sanjeev; Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, and Arora, Sweta; Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Photoperiod influences circulatory Melatonin (Mel) and hypothalamic functions via retino-hypothalamic tract. However, interrelation between Mel receptors and Arginine Vasotocin (AVT), a water-electrolyte balancing hormone receptor expression in hypothalamic regions of avian brain has never been explored. We noted the expression pattern of two Mel receptors (Mel1a & Mel1b) along with AVT, in terms of neuronal immuno-positivity, in hypothalamic region of Japanese quail under different photoperiodic conditions with/without melatonin treatment. This is interesting and equally important because both Mel and AVT levels are regulated by light/dark cycle. Confocal imaging revealed specific regional localization of Mel1a/Mel1b in Supra-Chiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), Supra-Optic Nucleus (SON) and Para-Ventricular Nucleus (PVN), the intensity of which was dependent on the photoperiodic condition (long day, LD or short day, SD) and melatonin treatment. Mel1a/Mel1b was mostly co-localized along with AVT. Mel1b was abundant in hypothalamic regions in contrast to the Mel1a as reported in mammals. Mel1a immune-positivity was detected in SCN and SON regions of brain. Compared to control birds, a high intensity of Mel1a immunoreactivity was found in hypothalamic regions of birds under short photoperiod (SD, 8h L: 16h D) after Mel treatment. Further, Mel1b immunopositivity was high only in birds exposed to long days (LD, 16h L: 8h D). In SCN, abundant Mel1a and AVT immunoreative cells were found in Mel pretreated and SDexposed birds compared to LD-exposed ones. Mel1a and AVT immunoreative cells were less in PVN of both SD and LD exposed birds. Our data of co-localization of Mel receptor(s) along with AVT in hypothalamic regions (exposed to short or long days with/without melatonin administration) strongly suggest a role for Mel along with AVT in water-electrolyte balance of birds which is important during long duration nuptial migration/flight.

Published
2021

4. Comparative Immune-reactivity Patterns of Arginine Vasotocin (AVT) and Melatonin Receptors (Mel1a & Mel1b) in Hypothalamic Regions of Male Japanese Quail Coturnix coturnix japonica: Possible Role in Water-Electrolyte Balance

Author

Haldar, Chandana, Kumar Yadav, Sanjeev, Arora, Sweta, Haldar, Chandana, Kumar Yadav, Sanjeev, and Arora, Sweta

Abstract

Photoperiod influences circulatory Melatonin (Mel) and hypothalamic functions via retino-hypothalamic tract. However, interrelation between Mel receptors and Arginine Vasotocin (AVT), a water-electrolyte balancing hormone receptor expression in hypothalamic regions of avian brain has never been explored. We noted the expression pattern of two Mel receptors (Mel1a & Mel1b) along with AVT, in terms of neuronal immuno-positivity, in hypothalamic region of Japanese quail under different photoperiodic conditions with/without melatonin treatment. This is interesting and equally important because both Mel and AVT levels are regulated by light/dark cycle. Confocal imaging revealed specific regional localization of Mel1a/Mel1b in Supra-Chiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), Supra-Optic Nucleus (SON) and Para-Ventricular Nucleus (PVN), the intensity of which was dependent on the photoperiodic condition (long day, LD or short day, SD) and melatonin treatment. Mel1a/Mel1b was mostly co-localized along with AVT. Mel1b was abundant in hypothalamic regions in contrast to the Mel1a as reported in mammals. Mel1a immune-positivity was detected in SCN and SON regions of brain. Compared to control birds, a high intensity of Mel1a immunoreactivity was found in hypothalamic regions of birds under short photoperiod (SD, 8h L: 16h D) after Mel treatment. Further, Mel1b immunopositivity was high only in birds exposed to long days (LD, 16h L: 8h D). In SCN, abundant Mel1a and AVT immunoreative cells were found in Mel pretreated and SDexposed birds compared to LD-exposed ones. Mel1a and AVT immunoreative cells were less in PVN of both SD and LD exposed birds. Our data of co-localization of Mel receptor(s) along with AVT in hypothalamic regions (exposed to short or long days with/without melatonin administration) strongly suggest a role for Mel along with AVT in water-electrolyte balance of birds which is important during long duration nuptial migration/flight.

Published
2021

8. Melatonin regulates splenocytes proliferation via IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release in seasonally breeding bird, Perdicula asiatica.

Author

Kumar Yadav, Sanjeev, Haldar, Chandana, Kumar Singh, Sunil, and Dash, Debabrata

Abstract

Melatonin plays an important role in the immune regulation of birds. Both endogenous and exogenous melatonin modulates lymphocyte proliferation via its specific membrane receptors, Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c, though the mechanisms behind this process are poorly understood. We investigated the differences in melatonin membrane receptor Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c expression by western blot and reverse transcription reaction and the in vitro effect of melatonin on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in splenocytes of the Indian Jungle Bush Quail, Perdicula asiatica. We used a non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist for Mel1a and Mel1b, luzindole, and the selective Mel1b blocker, 4P-PDOT to check the specific role of melatonin receptor on ([Ca2+]i). The expression of Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c receptors mRNA and protein was upregulated by melatonin (10−7 M) with a significant high rise in ([Ca2+]i), which was differentially blocked by supplementation of antagonist, luzindole (10−7 M) and 4P-PDOT (10−7 M). Furthermore, we noted in vitro effect of melatonin and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a cell-permeable antagonist of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor to check the rise in ([Ca2+]i) through the IP3 pathway. Significantly low ([Ca2+]i) was noted in melatonin and 2-APB pretreated splenocytes when compared with splenocytes where 2-APB was absent. Thus, our data suggest that melatonin through its membrane receptor induced the elevation of ([Ca2+]i) via IP3-dependent pathway for splenocyte proliferation in P. asiatica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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9. Melatonin regulates splenocytes proliferation via IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release in seasonally breeding bird, Perdicula asiatica.

Author

Kumar Yadav S, Haldar C, Kumar Singh S, and Dash D

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Cell Proliferation genetics, Galliformes growth & development, Galliformes metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental drug effects, Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors genetics, Lymphocytes cytology, Lymphocytes metabolism, Spleen cytology, Spleen metabolism, Tryptamines administration & dosage, Calcium Signaling genetics, Melatonin metabolism, Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 biosynthesis, Receptors, Melatonin biosynthesis
Abstract

Melatonin plays an important role in the immune regulation of birds. Both endogenous and exogenous melatonin modulates lymphocyte proliferation via its specific membrane receptors, Mel(1a), Mel(1b) and Mel(1c), though the mechanisms behind this process are poorly understood. We investigated the differences in melatonin membrane receptor Mel(1a), Mel(1b) and Mel(1c) expression by western blot and reverse transcription reaction and the in vitro effect of melatonin on the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) in splenocytes of the Indian Jungle Bush Quail, Perdicula asiatica. We used a non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist for Mel(1a) and Mel(1b), luzindole, and the selective Mel(1b) blocker, 4P-PDOT to check the specific role of melatonin receptor on ([Ca2+]i). The expression of Mel(1a), Mel(1b) and Mel(1c) receptors mRNA and protein was upregulated by melatonin (10(-7) M) with a significant high rise in ([Ca2+]i), which was differentially blocked by supplementation of antagonist, luzindole (10(-7) M) and 4P-PDOT (10(-7) M). Furthermore, we noted in vitro effect of melatonin and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a cell-permeable antagonist of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor to check the rise in ([Ca2+]i) through the IP3 pathway. Significantly low ([Ca2+]i) was noted in melatonin and 2-APB pretreated splenocytes when compared with splenocytes where 2-APB was absent. Thus, our data suggest that melatonin through its membrane receptor induced the elevation of ([Ca2+]i) via IP(3)-dependent pathway for splenocyte proliferation in P. asiatica.

Published
2014
Full Text
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