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Music can affect human health and well-being. This sparked an expanding field of study that focuses on how music might improve animal welfare and facilitate human-animal interaction. A method of producing sound is through music and other animal vocalizations. Birds have a vocal organ called the syrinx in their larynx that holds their vocal cords deeper into their bodies. While humans only have one set of vocal cords, songbirds have two sets, allowing them to generate two distinct sounds simultaneously and in unison. The term "bird song" refers, in non-technical terms, to the musical bird sounds that humans can hear. Loud shouts from world monkeys are the most plausible choice for the model of predecessor for human vocalisation due to structural and behavioural similarities in all non-human primates' vocalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used transparent conducting oxide (TCO) in optoelectronic applications. In this report, deposition parameters were optimized for making good quality ITO films with emphasis on its application as TCO for solar cells. For this study, process pressure (first series) and substrate temperature (second series) were varied and their effect on the optoelectronic properties of ITO films was explored. Low-pressure (3.8 × 10−3 mbar) ITO films were polycrystalline in nature, had high optical transmission (~ 91%), high band gap (3.76 eV) and the lowest sheet resistance (11 Ω/□) value. At this optimized pressure, the substrate temperature was varied from 130 to 200 °C in steps. High transparency and low sheet resistance of ITO films were observed at process pressure of 3.8 × 10−3 mbar and substrate temperature of 150 °C. Later, ITO films with optimized deposition parameters were used for fabricating MoO3−x/c-Si(n) heterojunction solar cells with the Voc of 517 mV, Jsc of 39.43 mA/cm2 and PCE of 10.17%, without using a-Si:H(i) as a passivating layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GTR1 and GTR2 transporters are components of the source to sink translocation network of glucosinolates, which are major defence metabolites in the Brassicaceae. These transporters can be genetically manipulated for reduction of seed‐glucosinolates without inhibiting glucosinolate biosynthesis, thereby maintaining the inherent defence potential of plants. However, the different roles of GTRs in influencing tissue‐specific distribution of glucosinolates in agriculturally important Brassica crops are yet unknown. Here, we report functional characterization of two groups of glucosinolate transporters (GTR1 and GTR2) from Brassica juncea based on gene expression data, biochemical analysis, gene‐complementation studies in GTR‐deficient mutants and RNAi‐based knockdown followed by insect feeding experiments. Although both GTRs showed ubiquitous expression patterns and broad substrate specificity, the single‐gene knockdown lines displayed different phenotypes. The GTR2‐knockdown plants showed a significant reduction of glucosinolates in seeds and a higher accumulation in leaves and pods, while the GTR1‐knockdown plants displayed a smaller reduction of glucosinolates in seeds and significantly lower glucosinolate levels in leaves. Consequently, knockdown of GTR2 resulted in higher resistance towards the generalist pest, Spodoptera litura. Overall, our study highlights the distinctive roles of B. juncea GTRs in tissue‐specific accumulation of glucosinolates and the potential for manipulating GTR2 for enhanced nutrition and plant defence. The glucosinolate transporters GTR1 and GTR2 exhibit differential potential for tissue‐specific manipulation of glucosinolate content for enhanced nutrition and defence traits in the oilseed, Brassica juncea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]