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Polycystic ovary syndrome is a metabolic-endocrine disorder affecting reproductive aged women, with symptoms such as hyperandrogenism, irregular cycle and polycystic ovaries. It is often associated with complications such as insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to PCOS pathogenesis contributing to oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Spermidine, a polyamine is known to regulate NO level, neuronal function, oxidative stress and reproductive health. However, their association in PCOS remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the association between NO and spermidine in PCOS. Thirty women diagnosed with PCOS and thirty age-matched control, serum nitric oxide, spermidine was evaluated. Results indicated that both serum NO(3.849±1.523 µg/mL) and spermidine (20.86±10.48 ng/mL) were significantly lower in PCOS compared to controls (NO, 5.026±0.895 µg/mL; spermidine, 28.23±10.40 ng/mL). However, Pearson correlation analysis showed no significant association between NO and spermidine levels in PCOS (r = 0.061, o = 0.758). In conclusion, this study suggests that while both NO and spermidine are significantly reduced in women with PCOS, further research is fully need to understand their interaction and potential therapeutic implication in mitigating oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron is essential for organ system development, DNA replication, and metabolic processes. Excessive iron storage can lead to oxidative stress, which can cause age-related conditions. Telomere length is a biomarker for aggregate oxidative stress and biological ageing, linked to age-related diseases and ailments. High body iron status may cause oxidative stress, leading to the loss of telomeric sequences. However, no research has been conducted on the relationship between telomere length and iron profile in South Canara residents. Understanding this association can help devise protocols to recover neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between iron profile status and telomere length in cord blood. 73 cord blood sample was collected at the time of birth from participants visiting the outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Demographic, anthropometric information and baseline characteristics of the consented study participants was obtained. Iron profile status and Telomere length was assessed by standardised protocol. In this study, positive association was observed between serum ferritin and rTL, groups adjusted based on birth mode and diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia also showed a positive association between rTL and ferritin, while negative association between rTL and serum iron in cord blood of neonates birthed through LSCS. In conclusion, this study found significant relationships between relative telomere length, telomerase activity and iron profile status in cord blood. In conclusion, compared to relative telomere length, Telomerase is strongly associated with iron profile in the cord blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiographic procedure used to visualise the fallopian tubes and uterine cavity by injecting a contrast medium, commonly employed for diagnosing infertility cases. However, due to the associated radiographic and fluoroscopic exposure, there is an increased risk of chromosomal damage to the gonads. Aim: To investigate the impact of radiographic and fluoroscopic exposure on chromosomal integrity in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional time-bound study included 10 patients (n=10) scheduled for HSG procedures at the Department of Radiology, Justice KS Hegde Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India from April 2021 to March 2022. Following radiation exposure, the CBMN assay was conducted to evaluate chromosomal damage in both test and control group blood samples. Blood samples from healthy donors were divided into three cryo vials, with one serving as the control and the remaining two exposed to radiation at the entrance and exit areas during the HSG procedure. The data were expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. results: A statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in biological damage was observed when comparing the Micronucleus (MN) frequency of the test groups (entrance=0.022±0.005 and exit group=0.0172±0.005) with the control group (0.006±0.003). Additionally, a decrease in MN frequency was noticed within the test groups, particularly in the exit group, although the results were not statistically significant (p=0.066). conclusion: The HSG is an effective clinical diagnostic technique. However, the present study indicates a potential risk of chromosomal damage associated with the procedure, emphasising the need for judicious use of radiation exposure during HSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most frequent and most aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM) has an extremely poor prognosis. Several studies have shown the involvement of sex hormonal receptors and growth factor receptors in the onset of GBM. Recent research has highlighted the importance of inflammatory biomarkers as useful prognostic indicators and survival outcome predictions in several cancer. Based on pretreatment blood tests, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) have been investigated as potential indicators of prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the GBM tissue blocks and to correlate NLR, PLR, and ELR with clinical parameters. Methods: Receptor expression in the tissue sample was screened by immunohistochemistry. Clinical data of these patients were collected from clinical records and NLR, PLR, and ELR were calculated. Results: The present study showed increased expression of EGFR in the screened sample. We grouped receptor-expressing groups as EGFR expressing group and others (AR and EGFR, ERa). Statistically significant difference in the distribution of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level was found between the EGFR and other groups. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between NLR and SGOT and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between TLC, SGOT with PLR and statistically significant negative correlation was found between hemoglobin and PLR. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between SGOT, SGPT, and ELR. There was no significant correlation found between the position of the tumor and size of the tumor with clinical parameters. Conclusions: These blood biomarkers along with receptor expression should gain more importance in predicting therapy and improving overall survival in GBM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]