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15. Automatic AI controller that can drive with confidence: steering vehicle with uncertainty knowledge

Author

Kumari, Neha, Priya, Sumit Kumar. Sneha, Kumar, Ayush, and Fogla, Akash

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

In safety-critical systems that interface with the real world, the role of uncertainty in decision-making is pivotal, particularly in the context of machine learning models. For the secure functioning of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), it is imperative to manage such uncertainty adeptly. In this research, we focus on the development of a vehicle's lateral control system using a machine learning framework. Specifically, we employ a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN), a probabilistic learning model, to address uncertainty quantification. This capability allows us to gauge the level of confidence or uncertainty in the model's predictions. The BNN based controller is trained using simulated data gathered from the vehicle traversing a single track and subsequently tested on various other tracks. We want to share two significant results: firstly, the trained model demonstrates the ability to adapt and effectively control the vehicle on multiple similar tracks. Secondly, the quantification of prediction confidence integrated into the controller serves as an early-warning system, signaling when the algorithm lacks confidence in its predictions and is therefore susceptible to failure. By establishing a confidence threshold, we can trigger manual intervention, ensuring that control is relinquished from the algorithm when it operates outside of safe parameters., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2303.08187

Published
2024

24. Association of maternal prenatal copper concentration with gestational duration and preterm birth: a multicountry meta-analysis.

Author

Monangi, Nagendra, Xu, Huan, Fan, Yue-Mei, Khanam, Rasheeda, Khan, Waqasuddin, Deb, Saikat, Pervin, Jesmin, Price, Joan, Kaur, Lovejeet, Al Mahmud, Abdullah, Thanh, Le, Care, Angharad, Landero, Julio, Combs, Gerald, Belling, Elizabeth, Chappell, Joanne, Chen, Jing, Kong, Fansheng, Lacher, Craig, Ahmed, Salahuddin, Chowdhury, Nabidul, Rahman, Sayedur, Kabir, Furqan, Nisar, Imran, Hotwani, Aneeta, Mehmood, Usma, Nizar, Ambreen, Khalid, Javairia, Dhingra, Usha, Dutta, Arup, Ali, Said, Aftab, Fahad, Juma, Mohammed, Rahman, Monjur, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Islam, M, Vwalika, Bellington, Musonda, Patrick, Ashorn, Ulla, Maleta, Kenneth, Hallman, Mikko, Goodfellow, Laura, Gupta, Juhi, Alfirevic, Ana, Murphy, Susan, Ryckman, Kelli, Murray, Jeffrey, Bahl, Rajiv, Litch, James, Baruch-Gravett, Courtney, Sopory, Shailaja, Chandra Mouli Natchu, Uma, Kumar, Pavitra, Kumari, Neha, Thiruvengadam, Ramachandran, Singh, Atul, Kumar, Pankaj, Alfirevic, Zarko, Baqui, Abdullah, Bhatnagar, Shinjini, Hirst, Jane, Hoyo, Cathrine, Jehan, Fyezah, Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura, Rahman, Anisur, Roth, Daniel, Sazawal, Sunil, Stringer, Jeffrey, Ashorn, Per, Zhang, Ge, Muglia, Louis, and Rand, Larry

Subjects
acute-phase reactants, copper, gestational duration, inflammation, low- and middle-income countries, nutrition, pregnancy, preterm birth, Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Premature Birth, Copper, Gestational Age, Live Birth, Inflammation, Risk Factors
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Copper (Cu), an essential trace mineral regulating multiple actions of inflammation and oxidative stress, has been implicated in risk for preterm birth (PTB). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the association of maternal Cu concentration during pregnancy with PTB risk and gestational duration in a large multicohort study including diverse populations. METHODS: Maternal plasma or serum samples of 10,449 singleton live births were obtained from 18 geographically diverse study cohorts. Maternal Cu concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The associations of maternal Cu with PTB and gestational duration were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions for each cohort. The estimates were then combined using meta-analysis. Associations between maternal Cu and acute-phase reactants (APRs) and infection status were analyzed in 1239 samples from the Malawi cohort. RESULTS: The maternal prenatal Cu concentration in our study samples followed normal distribution with mean of 1.92 μg/mL and standard deviation of 0.43 μg/mL, and Cu concentrations increased with gestational age up to 20 wk. The random-effect meta-analysis across 18 cohorts revealed that 1 μg/mL increase in maternal Cu concentration was associated with higher risk of PTB with odds ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.57) and shorter gestational duration of 1.64 d (95% CI: 0.56, 2.73). In the Malawi cohort, higher maternal Cu concentration, concentrations of multiple APRs, and infections (malaria and HIV) were correlated and associated with greater risk of PTB and shorter gestational duration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports robust negative association between maternal Cu and gestational duration and positive association with risk for PTB. Cu concentration was strongly correlated with APRs and infection status suggesting its potential role in inflammation, a pathway implicated in the mechanisms of PTB. Therefore, maternal Cu could be used as potential marker of integrated inflammatory pathways during pregnancy and risk for PTB.

Published
2024

29. Language Variety Identification with True Labels

Author

Zampieri, Marcos, North, Kai, Jauhiainen, Tommi, Felice, Mariano, Kumari, Neha, Nair, Nishant, and Bangera, Yash

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Language identification is an important first step in many IR and NLP applications. Most publicly available language identification datasets, however, are compiled under the assumption that the gold label of each instance is determined by where texts are retrieved from. Research has shown that this is a problematic assumption, particularly in the case of very similar languages (e.g., Croatian and Serbian) and national language varieties (e.g., Brazilian and European Portuguese), where texts may contain no distinctive marker of the particular language or variety. To overcome this important limitation, this paper presents DSL True Labels (DSL-TL), the first human-annotated multilingual dataset for language variety identification. DSL-TL contains a total of 12,900 instances in Portuguese, split between European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese; Spanish, split between Argentine Spanish and Castilian Spanish; and English, split between American English and British English. We trained multiple models to discriminate between these language varieties, and we present the results in detail. The data and models presented in this paper provide a reliable benchmark toward the development of robust and fairer language variety identification systems. We make DSL-TL freely available to the research community.

Published
2023

30. Morphomolecular study on the flat-faced longhorn beetle Batocera rufomaculata (De Geer, 1775) from Rehla, Palamu, Jharkhand, India

Author

Kumar MANOJ, Ranjan RAKESH, Kumari NEHA, Singh R. BHARTI, and Prasad S. MANORANJAN

Subjects
beetle, COX1, distance matrix, genome sequencing, new record, phylogeny, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Batocera rufomaculata, often known as the ‘mango stem borer’ or ‘fig borer,’ is a serious pest of fig, mango, guava, jackfruit, pomegranate, and walnut in many parts of the world. Its infestations can result in reduced yields and even tree mortality. The larvae, which dig into the tree’s sub-cortex before moving deeper into the tree, cause the most harm. Continuous tunnelling weakens the wood, causing branches to break or the main stem to fall. Adults munch on green growth tips and twig bark. Their dispersion pattern and adaptability must be properly understood in order to regulate them. This study expands distributional pattern of B. rufomaculata found during a routine field survey in the Rehla region in the Palamu district of Jharkhand State, India. Morphological features have been described coupled with the isolation, amplification and sequencing of Mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase, subunit 1 gene, and its analysis based on BLASTn search. Accession id LC820410 of 643 bp long nucleotide sequence of CO1 has been presented. Distance matrix and phylogenetic tree were constructed using MEGA X software to establish intra-species and inter-species phylogeny and to get pairwise genetic-differences among the selected 20 strains species of genus Batocera including species Rufomaculata, Rufus, Celebiana, and Lineolata.

Published
2024
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39. An Automatic POS Tagger System for Code Mixed Indian Social Media Text

Author

Basisth, Nihar Jyoti, Sachan, Tushar, Kumari, Neha, Pandey, Shyambabu, Pakray, Partha, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Dasgupta, Kousik, editor, Mukhopadhyay, Somnath, editor, Mandal, Jyotsna K., editor, and Dutta, Paramartha, editor

Published
2024
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40. Designing of Photovoltaic System Using Matlab

Author

Kumari, Neha, Channi, Harpreet Kaur, Howlett, Robert J., Series Editor, Jain, Lakhmi C., Series Editor, Talpa Sai, P. H. V. Sesha, editor, Potnuru, Srikar, editor, Avcar, Mehmet, editor, and Ranjan Kar, Vishesh, editor

Published
2024
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