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Environmental stimulation is expected to have a positive impact on night sleep, psychological or functional states in dementia. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the effects of environmental stimulation consisting of sounds with high-frequency components, aromas, and light exposure from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to create comfortable living spaces for persons with dementia. Subjects (n =6) were recruited from elderly persons admitted to a single nursing home in Akita Prefecture, Japan, between August and September 2020. The night-time sleep state, the rest-activity rhythm, and the light exposure of the subjects living in environments with or without environmental stimulation consisting of sounds with high-frequency components, aromas, and light exposure from OLEDs were measured for 46.3 consecutive days using wrist activate devices under free-living conditions in a nursing home. In a period of environmental stimulation depending on the presence or absence of sounds with high-frequency components, reduction of the fragmented rest-activity rhythms was significantly observed in the subjects (p < 0.05). However, changes in the night-time sleep state had no significant difference during the study period. In conclusion, these preliminary results suggest that future examinations are warranted not only to inform effective or comfortable living conditions for elderly persons with dementia but also to improve the disruption of rest-activity rhythms in persons with dementia.

This study aimed to preliminary examine the effect of DMV stimulation on cognitive function in the elderly with moderate dementia. In the single arm study, 5 participants over 85 years old (% female: 100%) with Alzheimer’s disease completed treatment of DMV stimulation with 15-40 Hz. 15-40 Hz DMV stimulation was provided during the entire day for 4 weeks.

要介護高齢者における誤嚥性肺炎の発症率は高く, 平均寿命の延伸に伴い, 摂食嚥下障害を有した高齢者への介入がよりいっそう求められている. しかしながら, 回復期以降における非経口栄養から経口栄養へ向けた長期的な介入の報告は少ない. 本稿では, 大腿骨頸部骨折後に誤嚥性肺炎を繰り返したため経皮内視鏡的胃瘻造設術(PEG) を施行した事例に対する経口摂取に向けた介入を報告する. 廃用症候群の改善と摂食・嚥下障害の病態に応じた直接訓練(嚥下訓練) を組み合わせたリハビリテーションの介入によって, 本症例は３食経口摂取するまで改善した. したがって, 作業療法および理学療法の介入を含め, 摂食・嚥下機能の状態に合わせた継続的なリハビリテーションはより効果的であることが示唆された., Elderly individuals who require care have a rate of aspiration-related pneumonia, and interventions forelderly individuals with dysphagia are more frequently required with the extension of the average humanlife span. However, there are few reports related to the long-term intervention of introducing non-oralfeeding to oral feeding after the convalescent stage. This paper reports the results of an intervention whichaimed to initiate oral ingestion in a patient with gastric fistula who repeatedly suffered from aspirationrelatedpneumonia after a fracture of the neck of his femur. The rehabilitative treatment, which involvesa combination of training (depending on the stage of the patient s ingestion/swallow function) to treatdisuse atrophy, improved the patient s condition to the point of complete oral feeding. Thus, our findingssuggest that the provision of continuous rehabilitative treatment in accordance with the ingestion/swallowfunctional status of patients with aspiration-related pneumonia is more effective when it is provided incombination with occupational therapy and physical therapy.

湧水に対する住民の意識を調べて湧水の今後の利用のあり方を検討することを目的とした. 対象は美郷町に在住か,もしくは美郷町に職場がある人20名(男９名, 女11名) で平均年齢は43.6±9.4歳. 職業は会社勤務が12名, 公務員が7名, パート勤務が1名だった. 対象者を3つのグループに分けてフォーカスグループインタビューを行った. その結果, 水道・電気の普及により清水の利用形態が変化し, 生活用水として清水が使用されなくなるにつれて住民の清水に対する意識が低下してきているが子どもの水に対する安全教育や地域の環境を守る教育の必要性を感ずる大人達の自主的な活動が一部では行われ, 大人の関わりが子どもの水への関心や親しみ感を育てていた. 清水の観光利用に際しては六郷地区の多様な清水の形態に応じた対応が必要であることが示唆された., The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude towards springs and future use of springs. The subjects were 9 male and 11 female (age 43.6±9.4) people living or working in Misato town. 12 were company employees, 7 were public employees and 1 was a part-time worker. They were divided into 3 groups, and attended focus group interviews. This study suggested that patterns of use of springs were changing due to electricity and plumbing and residents’ consciousness of springs was decreasing. However some residents voluntarily take part in clean-up activities and safety education of play in water. To make use of springs for sightseeing tourism, it is important to take into account the different variations in springs in the Misato area.

本研究の目的は湧水散策の生理的および心理的な効果を明らかにすることである. 対象は美郷町内に勤務する43名(男25名, 女18名, 平均年齢42.1歳±12.3) であり, 湧水周辺で散策する湧水群22名(男13名, 女9名, 平均年齢42.5±12.1歳) と屋外駐車場で散策する対照群21名(男12名, 女9名, 平均年齢41.7±12.8歳) に分けた. 参加者には各地点で20分間自由に散策してもらった. 評価は散策の前後で, 生理的指標として血圧, 脈拍, 唾液アミラーゼ活性値(ＡＭＹ値), 主観的指標としてPOMS 検査短縮版(Profile of Mood States：POMS), STAIS 状態・特性不安検査(State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ：STAI) を計測した.その結果, STAI の状態不安尺度, POMS の混乱(C) で湧水群のほうが散策後に有意に低下していた. 以上のことから湧水散策は思考力低下やストレスを軽減させ, 心理的なリラックス効果をもたらすことが示唆された., The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and psychological effects of walking in natural spring areas. The subjects were 25 male and 18 female (42.1±12.3 years) workers in Misato town. They were divided into a spring area group (13 men, 9 women, age 42.5±12.1 years) and a control (outdoor car park) group (12 men, 9 women, age 41.7±12.8 years). Some physiological and psychological indices were measured before and after walking for 20 minutes around each place. Physiological effect was measured using blood pressure, heart rate, salivary amylase activity (AMY score) and psychological effect was measured using the Profile of Mood States and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ (STAI). As a result, we found that the negative mood Confusion (C) in POMS and the Trait-Anxiety scale in STAI decreased significantly after walking around the natural spring area. This study suggested that walking around the spring area is considered to produce a reduction in stress and limit the decline in thinking power, and gives people psychological healing.

本研究では, 65歳以上の統合失調症群, 認知症群に対して革細工という作業活動を用いた評価であるAllenCognitive Level Screen (以下ACLS)を, 期間をあけて２回実施し, 認知レベルを測定し再テスト信頼性を検討した. また, HDS-R, NM スケール, REHAB を基準として両群の結果を比較検討した. その結果, 統合失調症群と認知症群の両群においてACLS の再テスト信頼性が確認でき, 基準関連妥当性があることが示唆された. また, 統合失調症群においては年齢が高くなるごとに認知レベルが低下しているが, 認知症群では年齢に関係なく, 疾患に起因して認知レベルが低下していることが明らかになった. 本研究にて, ACLS は統合失調症高齢者においてはもちろんのこと, 認知症高齢者においても言語・行動観察・作業活動の要素を含む多角的側面からの評価が可能であり,信頼性, 妥当性のある認知機能評価であると示唆された. よって認知症高齢者においても, ACLS により得られた評価結果にて, 作業活動導入場面や日常生活の課題遂行場面において対象者の認知レベル相当の課題を予測し提供することが可能となり, より適切な環境設定を行うことに役立つものであると考えられる., In this study, we used Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) for the schizophrenia group and thedementia group aged 65+. ACLS is an assessment using leatherwork activity. We considered the test-retest reliability by using ACLS twice, and compared the result of each group based on HDS-R, NM-scale, and REHAB. As a result, it was suggested that there is test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity of ACLS, for each group. Moreover, it was clarified that the cognitive level decreased as age rose in the schizophrenia group, however in the dementia group cognitive level decreased due to the condition regardless of rise in age. In this study, it was suggested that ACLS has reliability and the criterion-related validity for elderlypeople with dementia. ACLS can also predict cognitive function from several perspectives including work activity introduction and daily life task accomplishment. Therefore, we can conclude that ACLS is useful for performing a more appropriate environmental setting.

最近の作業療法では,クライアントの主観性を評価するアプローチが行われるようになってきた.本研究の目的は,作業活動における目標設定の違いがどのように自己効力に影響を及ぼすのかを検討することである.成人の健常群(n=42) と精神科に入院している患者群(n=28) を対象とし, それぞれの群を2つの条件で分けた.条件Aは手順冊子を見ながら最後まで行い,革細工のコインケースを完成させることである.条件Bは全工程を8分冊したものを順番に完成させながら最終的に一つの作品を完成させることである.一般性自己効力感尺度,課題特異的セルフエフィカシー尺度,難易度,技能,興味のデータを解析した.結果は,精神科の入院患者群では条件にかかわらず,General Self-Efficacy Scale (以下GSES) における失敗に対する不安因子が変わりにくい特性があり,この群の条件Bでは実際に最後まで行って完成に至っても,GSES における行動の積極性因子は改善されにくかった.しかしながら,課題の難易度の感覚は減少し,技能と興味の感覚に向上が見られた.本研究は,精神科入院患者グループの自己効力感を変化させることは健常群よりも難しいという結果を示したが,同時にクライアントの課題に対する難易度感,技能,興味に焦点を当てたアプローチが必要ということも示唆している. An approach that values the subjectivity of clients has come into use in recent occupational therapy. The purpose of this study is to examine how differences in activity goal setting influence self-efficacy. The subjects consisted of a nonhandicapped adult group (n=42) and a hospitalized psychiatric patient group (n=28). Each group was divided two sub groups, (Group A) and (Group B). Group A was to complete leather work (a coin case) while looking at a booklet that described the procedure to the last detail. Group B was to complete the leather work while looking at 8 separated steps in the completion process. The data of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the task specific self-efficacy scale, and the scales of the sense of difficulty, skill and interest were analyzed. The results were as follows : The hospitalized psychiatric patient group had the characteristic to which anxiety to the failure of the factor in GSES was not changeable regardless of the conditions under which the task was to be performed, and the aggressiveness factor in behavior in GSES was not easily improved, though the work was actually completed under group B conditions. However, it was shown that the sense of difficulty of the task decreased by completing the work and the sense of skill and interest rose. This study shows that it is more difficult for the psychiatric inpatient group to change self-efficacy than the nonhandicapped adult group. Therefore, it is suggested that an approach be used that focuses the client's sense of difficulty, skill and interest on the task in psychiatric occupational therapy.