79 results on '"Kummer V"'
Search Results
2. The effect of dietary bentonite on post-weaning diarrhoea, growth performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets
- Author
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Trckova, M., Prikrylova Vondruskova, H., Zraly, Z., Sramkova Zajacova, Z., Kummer, V., and Alexa, P.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Nachweis der Geruchsimmissionen auf Basis umfangreicher Emissionsmessungen, anschließender Ausbreitungsrechnung, Vergleich zur Prognose und Differenzenanalyse an einem Biomassezentrum
- Author
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Nörenberg, D., primary, Klötzer, S., additional, Schäfer, T., additional, Kummer, V., additional, and Krug, S., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Passive immunisation of post-weaned piglets using hyperimmune serum against experimental Haemophilus parasuis infection
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Nedbalcova, K., Kucerova, Z., Krejci, J., Tesarik, R., Gopfert, E., Kummer, V., Leva, L., Kudlackova, H., Ondriasova, R., and Faldyna, M.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 12 [Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 41]
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RAAB-STRAUBE E VON, RAUS TH, BAUMWOL Z, BAZOS I, BÖCKER R, BOGDANOVIĆ S, BOU DAGHER KHARRAT M, CHASAPIS M, COHEN SS, DE BEER D, DE BÉLAIR G, DOMINA G, EL MOKNI R, ELEFTHERIADOU E, FATERYGA AV, FEKETE R, FERREIRA MZ, FRIDLENDER A, GUBLER E, HARÁSEK M, HEIN P, IAMONICO D, JOGAN N, KALNIKOVA V, KOROTKOVA N, KUMMER V, KUZMANOVIĆ N, LÖKI V, MASLO S, MATEVSKI V, MEYER S, MOLNÁR VA, MURTAZALIEV RA, NIKETIĆ M, NOVÁK P, PAROLLY G, POPOVICH AV, RATZEL S, RISTOW M., RYFF L.E., SACI A, SAMARAS DA, SEQUEIRA M, SHILNIKOV D, STEPHAN J, STEŠEVIĆ D, STINCA A, STOYANOV S, STRID A, SVIRIN SA, TALEB AA, TALEB KA, THEODOROPOULOS K, UHLICH H, UR Y, VERLOOVE F, WALLNÖFER B, ZIPPEL E, ZUKAL D, RAAB-STRAUBE, E VON, Raus, Th, Baumwol, Z, Bazos, I, Böcker, R, Bogdanović, S, BOU DAGHER KHARRAT, M, Chasapis, M, Cohen, S, DE BEER, D, DE BÉLAIR, G, Domina, G, EL MOKNI, R, Eleftheriadou, E, Fateryga, Av, Fekete, R, Ferreira, Mz, Fridlender, A, Gubler, E, Harásek, M, Hein, P, Iamonico, D, Jogan, N, Kalnikova, V, Korotkova, N, Kummer, V, Kuzmanović, N, Löki, V, Maslo, S, Matevski, V, Meyer, S, Molnár, Va, Murtazaliev, Ra, Niketić, M, Novák, P, Parolly, G, Popovich, Av, Ratzel, S, Ristow, M., Ryff, L. E., Saci, A, Samaras, Da, Sequeira, M, Shilnikov, D, Stephan, J, Stešević, D, Stinca, A, Stoyanov, S, Strid, A, Svirin, Sa, Taleb, Aa, Taleb, Ka, Theodoropoulos, K, Uhlich, H, Ur, Y, Verloove, F, Wallnöfer, B, Zippel, E, and Zukal, D
- Published
- 2020
6. Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 12
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von Raab-Straube, E. Raus, T. Baumwol, Z. Bazos, I. Böcker, R. Bogdanović, S. Dagher Kharrat, M.B. Chasapis, M. Cohen, S.S. de Beer, D. de Bélair, G. Domina, G. El Mokni, R. Eleftheriadou, E. Fateryga, A.V. Fekete, R. Ferreira, M.Z. Fridlender, A. Gubler, E. Harásek, M. Hein, P. Iamonico, D. Jogan, N. Kalníková, V. Korotkova, N. Kummer, V. Kuzmanović, N. Löki, V. Maslo, S. Matevski, V. Meyer, S. Molnár, A. Murtazaliev, R.A. Niketić, M. Novák, P. Parolly, G. Popovich, A.V. von Raab-Straube, E. Rätzel, S. Raus, Th. Ristow, M. Ryff, L.E. Saci, A. Samaras, D.A. Sequeira, M. Shilnikov, D. Stephan, J. Stešević, D. Stinca, A. Stoyanov, S. Strid, A. Svirin, S.A. Taleb, A.A. Taleb, K.A. Theodoropoulos, K. Uhlich, H. Ur, Y. Verloove, F. Wallnöfer, B. Zippel, E. Zukal, D.
- Abstract
This is the twelfth of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Asparagaceae (incl. Hyacinthaceae), Boraginaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Haloragaceae, Iridaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae (incl. Buddlejaceae), Solanaceae and Umbelliferae. It includes new country and area records and taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Abutilon, Aegilops, Amelanchier, Andryala, Aruncus, Asparagus, Bellevalia, Brugmansia, Buglossoides, Bupleurum, Cortaderia, Crassula, Datura, Dysphania, Euphorbia, Fallopia, Iris, Lycianthes, Myriophyllum, Nicodemia, Onobrychis, Ophrys, Opuntia, Orobanche, Phelipanche, Plumbago, Salvia, Silene, Stellaria and Wisteria, and new combinations in Amelanchier and Phelipanche. © 2020 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2020
7. Commercially available rabbit anti-human polyclonal antisera as a useful tool for immune system studies in veterinary species
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Sinkora, J., Samankova, P., Kummer, V., Leva, L., Maskova, J., Rehakova, Z., and Faldyna, M.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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8. Experimental oral and ocular Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits
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JEKLOVA, E., LEVA, L., KOVARCIK, K., MATIASOVIC, J., KUMMER, V., MASKOVA, J., SKORIC, M., and FALDYNA, M.
- Published
- 2010
9. Microthlaspi erraticum (Jord.) T. Ali et Thines has a wide distribution, ranging from the Alps to the Tien Shan
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Ali, T., Runge, F., Dutbayev, A., Schmuker, A., Solovyeva, I., Nigrelli, L., Buch, A.-K., Xia, X., Ploch, S., Orren, O., Kummer, V., Paule, J., Ҫelik, Ali, Vakhrusheva, Ljudmila, Gabrielyan, I., and Thines, M.
- Subjects
China ,Microthlaspi perfoliatum ,Maghreb ,Slovenia ,Balkans ,migration ,phylogeny ,Species complex ,evolution ,Altai Mountains ,biogeography ,Institut für Biochemie und Biologie ,Sweden ,spatial distribution ,Portugal ,Central Europe ,Alps ,Tien Shan ,Noccaea ,Siberia ,Black Sea ,Microthlaspi ,herb ,Coluteocarpeae ,Algeria ,France ,Thlaspi perfoliatum ,microclimate - Abstract
Microthlaspi is a predominantly Eurasian genus which also occurs in the northernmost parts of Africa (Maghreb). The most widespread species of the genus is M. perfoliatum, which can be found from Sweden to Algeria and from Portugal to China. The other species are thought to have much more confined distribution ranges, often covering only a few hundred kilometres. This is also believed for the diploid M. erraticum, which was recently re-appraised as a taxon independent from the tetra- to hexaploid M. perfoliatum. Previously, M. erraticum was believed to be present only in Central Europe, from the East of France to Slovenia. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ecology, evolution and migration history of Microthlaspi it was the focus of the current study to investigate, if M. erraticum is present in habitats outside Central Europe, but with microclimates similar to Central Europe. It is demonstrated that M. erraticum is much more widespread than previously thought, while other lineages apart from M. perfoliatum s.str. and M. erraticum seem to have restricted distribution ranges. The latter species was observed from the Alps and their foreland, the Balkans, the mountainous areas around the Black Sea, Southern Siberia, as well as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains. This demonstrates a widespread occurrence of this easily-overlooked species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2016
10. Coluteocarpeae) and related genera
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Ali, T, Schmuker, A, Runge, F, Solovyeva, I, Nigrelli, L, Paule, J, Buch, AK, Xia, XJ, Ploch, S, Orren, O, Kummer, V, Linde-Laursen, I, Orgaard, M, Hauser, TP, Celik, A, and Thines, M
- Subjects
evolution ,flow cytometry ,Microthlaspi ,molecular phylogenetics ,biogeography ,Brassicaceae ,chloroplast capture ,Coluteocarpeae ,morphology ,Noccaea ,polyploidy ,systematics ,taxonomy ,Thlaspi - Abstract
The genus Thlaspi has been variously subdivided since its description by Linnaeus in 1753, but due to similarities in fruit shape several segregates have still not gained broad recognition, despite the fact that they are not directly related to Thlaspi. This applies especially to segregates now considered to belong to the tribe Coluteocarpeae, which includes several well-studied taxa, e.g., Noccaea caerulescens (syn. Thlaspi caerulescens), and the widespread Microthlaspi perfoliatum (syn. Thlaspi perfoliatum). The taxonomy of this tribe is still debated, as a series of detailed monographs on Coluteocarpeae was not published in English and a lack of phylogenetic resolution within this tribe was found in previous studies. The current study presents detailed phylogenetic investigations and a critical review of morphological features, with focus on taxa previously placed in Microthlaspi. Based on one nuclear (ITS) and two chloroplast (matK, trnL-F) loci, four strongly supported major groups were recovered among the Coluteocarpeae genera included, corresponding to Ihsanalshehbazia gen. nov., Friedrichkarlmeyeria gen. nov., Microthlaspi s.str., and Noccaea s.l. In addition, two new species of Microthlaspi, M. sylvarum-cedri sp. nov. and M. mediterraneo-orientale sp. nov., were discovered, which are well supported by both morphological and molecular data. Furthermore, M. erraticum comb. nov. (diploid) and M. perfoliatum s.str. (polyploid) were shown to be distinct species, phylogenetically widely separate, but with some overlap in several morphological characters. Detailed descriptions, notes on taxonomy, geographical distribution, and line drawings for the new species and each species previously included in Microthlaspi are provided. In addition, the current taxonomic state of the tribe Coluteocarpeae is briefly discussed and it is concluded that while several annual taxa are clearly distinct from Noccaea, many perennial taxa, after thorough phylogenetic and morphological investigations, may have to be merged with this genus.
- Published
- 2016
11. ranging from the Alps to the Tien Shan
- Author
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Ali, T, Runge, F, Dutbayev, A, Schmuker, A, Solovyeva, I, Nigrelli, L, Buch, AK, Xia, XJ, Ploch, S, Orren, O, Kummer, V, Paule, J, Celik, A, Vakhrusheva, L, Gabrielyan, I, and Thines, M
- Subjects
Biogeography ,Coluteocarpeae ,Noccaea ,Phylogeny ,Species complex ,Thlaspi perfoliatum - Abstract
Microthlaspi is a predominantly Eurasian genus which also occurs in the northernmost parts of Africa (Maghreb). The most widespread species of the genus is M. perfoliatum, which can be found from Sweden to Algeria and from Portugal to China. The other species are thought to have much more confined distribution ranges, often covering only a few hundred kilometres. This is also believed for the diploid M. erraticum, which was recently re-appraised as a taxon independent from the tetra- to hexaploid M. perfoliatum. Previously, M. erraticum was believed to be present only in Central Europe, from the East of France to Slovenia. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ecology, evolution and migration history of Microthlaspi it was the focus of the current study to investigate, if M. erraticum is present in habitats outside Central Europe, but with microclimates similar to Central Europe. It is demonstrated that M. erraticum is much more widespread than previously thought, while other lineages apart from M. perfoliatum s.str. and M. erraticum seem to have restricted distribution ranges. The latter species was observed from the Alps and their foreland, the Balkans, the mountainous areas around the Black Sea, Southern Siberia, as well as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains. This demonstrates a widespread occurrence of this easily-overlooked species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2016
12. Erysiphe deutziae : a new epidemic spread in Europe
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Bolay, A., Braun, U., Delhey, R., Kummer, V., Marcin Piątek, and Wołczańska, A.
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Institut für Biochemie und Biologie - Abstract
Erysiphe deutziae (Bunkina) U. Braun & S. Takam. is powdery mildew fungus that is currently spreading in Europe. The anamorph of this species has been found in France, Germany, Poland and Switzerland on Deutzia sp. (cult.), Deutzia x magnifica (Lemoine) Rehder and Deutzia scabra Thunb. The morphology, taxonomy and worldwide distribution of Erysiphe deutziae are described, illustrated and discussed
- Published
- 2005
13. Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on biotic interactions in a biodiversity experiment
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Scherber, C., Eisenhauer, N., Weisser, W.W., Schmid, B., Voigt, W., Fischer, M., Schulze, E.-D., Roscher, Christiane, Weigelt, A., Allan, E., Beßler, H., Bonkowski, M., Buchmann, N., Buscot, Francois, Clement, L.W., Ebeling, A., Engels, C., Halle, S., Kertscher, I., Klein, A.-M., Koller, R., König, Stephan, Kowalski, E., Kummer, V., Kuu, A., Scherber, C., Eisenhauer, N., Weisser, W.W., Schmid, B., Voigt, W., Fischer, M., Schulze, E.-D., Roscher, Christiane, Weigelt, A., Allan, E., Beßler, H., Bonkowski, M., Buchmann, N., Buscot, Francois, Clement, L.W., Ebeling, A., Engels, C., Halle, S., Kertscher, I., Klein, A.-M., Koller, R., König, Stephan, Kowalski, E., Kummer, V., and Kuu, A.
- Abstract
Biodiversity is rapidly declining, and this may negatively affect ecosystem processes, including economically important ecosystem services. Previous studies have shown that biodiversity has positive effects on organisms and processes across trophic levels. However, only a few studies have so far incorporated an explicit food-web perspective. In an eight-year biodiversity experiment, we studied an unprecedented range of above- and below-ground organisms and multitrophic interactions. A multitrophic data set originating from a single long-term experiment allows mechanistic insights that would not be gained from meta-analysis of different experiments. Here we show that plant diversity effects dampen with increasing trophic level and degree of omnivory. This was true both for abundance and species richness of organisms. Furthermore, we present comprehensive above-ground/below-ground biodiversity food webs. Both above ground and below ground, herbivores responded more strongly to changes in plant diversity than did carnivores or omnivores. Density and richness of carnivorous taxa was independent of vegetation structure. Below-ground responses to plant diversity were consistently weaker than above-ground responses. Responses to increasing plant diversity were generally positive, but were negative for biological invasion, pathogen infestation and hyperparasitism. Our results suggest that plant diversity has strong bottom-up effects on multitrophic interaction networks, with particularly strong effects on lower trophic levels. Effects on higher trophic levels are indirectly mediated through bottom-up trophic cascades.
- Published
- 2010
14. Experimental oral and ocularEncephalitozoon cuniculiinfection in rabbits
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JEKLOVA, E., primary, LEVA, L., additional, KOVARCIK, K., additional, MATIASOVIC, J., additional, KUMMER, V., additional, MASKOVA, J., additional, SKORIC, M., additional, and FALDYNA, M., additional
- Published
- 2010
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15. The effect of kaolin feeding on efficiency, health status and course of diarrhoeal infections caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in weaned piglets
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Trckova, M., primary, Vondruskova, H., additional, Zraly, Z., additional, Alexa, P., additional, Hamrik, J., additional, Kummer, V., additional, Maskova, J., additional, Mrlik, V., additional, Krizova, K., additional, Slana, I., additional, Leva, L., additional, and Pavlik, I., additional
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- 2009
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16. Comparison of live and inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines containing different combinations of SPI-1 and SPI-2 antigens in poultry
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Papezova, K., primary, Havlickova, H., additional, Sisak, F., additional, Kummer, V., additional, Faldyna, M., additional, and Rychlik, I., additional
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- 2008
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17. Effects of postnatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene on the immunity of immature rats
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Matiasovic, J., primary, Leva, L., additional, Maskova, J., additional, Kummer, V., additional, and Faldyna, M., additional
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- 2008
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18. Hepatoprotective Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes during the Chicken Broiler Fattening
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Suchý, P., primary, Straková, E., additional, Kummer, V., additional, Herzig, I., additional, Písaříková, V., additional, Blechová, R., additional, and Mašková, J., additional
- Published
- 2008
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19. Immunohistochemical Detection of Central Nervous Tissue in Meat Products
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Kummer, V., primary, Mašková, J., additional, and Renčová, E., additional
- Published
- 2005
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20. Liver Steatosis Following Supplementation with Fat in Dairy Cow Diets
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Lubojacká, V., primary, Pechová, A., additional, Dvořák, R., additional, Drastich, P., additional, Kummer, V., additional, and Poul, J., additional
- Published
- 2005
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21. Fünf bemerkenswerte Funde corticioider Pilze aus Deutschland
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Grosse‐Brauckmann, H., primary and Kummer, V., additional
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- 2004
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22. Follicular Population and Oestrogen Receptor Alpha in Ovary of the Bitch
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Doležel, R., primary, Kyliánková, R., additional, Kummer, V., additional, Mašková, J., additional, Stará, P., additional, and Vitásek, R., additional
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- 2004
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23. Antisperm Antibodies in Cows as Related to their Reproductive Health
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Zralý, Z., primary, Čanderle, J., additional, Diblíková, I., additional, Švecová, D., additional, Mašková, J., additional, and Kummer, V., additional
- Published
- 2003
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24. Rutstroemia fruticeti undVelutarina rufoolivacea– zwei wenig beachtete Besiedler abgestorbenerRubus fruticosus-Ruten
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Kummer, V., primary
- Published
- 2002
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25. Antisperm Antibodies in Blood Sera of Bulls and Correlations with Age, Breed and Ejaculate Quality
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Zralý, Z., primary, Bendová, J., additional, Diblíková, I., additional, Švecová, D., additional, Kummer, V., additional, Mašková, J., additional, and Věžník, Z., additional
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- 2002
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26. Estrogenic effects of silymarin in ovariectomized rats
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Kummer, V., primary, Mašková, J., additional, Čanderle, J., additional, Zralý, Z., additional, Neča, J., additional, and Machala, M., additional
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- 2001
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27. Involvement of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in Ras-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
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Krautwald, S, primary, Büscher, D, additional, Kummer, V, additional, Buder, S, additional, and Baccarini, M, additional
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- 1996
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28. Use of carbachol for dilatation of the cervix in heifers
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Zraly, Z., primary, Kummer, V., additional, and Veznik, Z., additional
- Published
- 1980
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29. Superovulation in cattle: Effect of goat anti-PMSG serum
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Kummer, V., primary, Zralý, Z., additional, Holčák, V., additional, Věžník, Z., additional, Schlegelová, J., additional, and Hruška, K., additional
- Published
- 1980
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30. Influence of 5 major Salmonella pathogenicity islands on NK cell depletion in mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
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Ondrackova Petra, Faldyna Martin, Volf Jiri, Sisak Frantisek, Havlickova Hana, Sebkova Alena, Karasova Daniela, Kummer Vladimir, and Rychlik Ivan
- Subjects
Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background In this study we were interested in the colonisation and early immune response of Balb/C mice to infection with Salmonella Enteritidis and isogenic pathogenicity island free mutants. Results The virulence of S. Enteritidis for Balb/C mice was exclusively dependent on intact SPI-2. Infections with any of the mutants harbouring SPI-2 (including the mutant in which we left only SPI-2 but removed SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-4 and SPI-5) resulted in fatalities, liver injures and NK cell depletion from the spleen. The infection was of minimal influence on counts of splenic CD4 CD8 T lymphocytes and γδ T-lymphocytes although a reduced ability of splenic lymphocytes to respond to non-specific mitogens indicated general immunosuppression in mice infected with SPI-2 positive S. Enteritidis mutants. Further investigations showed that NK cells were depleted also in blood but not in the caecal lamina propria. However, NK cell depletion was not directly associated with the presence of SPI-2 and was rather an indicator of virulence or avirulence of a particular mutant because the depletion was not observed in mice infected with other attenuated mutants such as lon and rfaL. Conclusions The virulence of S. Enteritidis for Balb/C mice is exclusively dependent on the presence of SPI-2 in its genome, and a major hallmark of the infection in terms of early changes in lymphocyte populations is the depletion of NK cells in spleen and blood. The decrease of NK cells in circulation can be used as a marker of attenuation of S. Enteritidis mutants for Balb/C mice.
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- 2010
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31. Virulence potential of five major pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for chickens
- Author
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Imre Ariel, Kummer Vladimir, Havlickova Hana, Sisak Frantisek, Volf Jiri, Sebkova Alena, Karasova Daniela, Rychlik Ivan, Szmolka Annamaria, and Nagy Bela
- Subjects
Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Salmonella is a highly successful parasite of reptiles, birds and mammals. Its ability to infect and colonise such a broad range of hosts coincided with the introduction of new genetic determinants, among them 5 major pathogenicity islands (SPI1-5), into the Salmonella genome. However, only limited information is available on how each of these pathogenicity islands influences the ability of Salmonella to infect chickens. In this study, we therefore constructed Salmonella Enteritidis mutants with each SPI deleted separately, with single individual SPIs (i.e. with the remaining four deleted) and a mutant with all 5 SPIs deleted, and assessed their virulence in one-day-old chickens, together with the innate immune response of this host. Results The mutant lacking all 5 major SPIs was still capable of colonising the caecum while colonisation of the liver and spleen was dependent on the presence of both SPI-1 and SPI-2. In contrast, the absence of SPI-3, SPI-4 or SPI-5 individually did not influence virulence of S. Enteritidis for chickens, but collectively they contributed to the colonisation of the spleen. Proinflammatory signalling and heterophil infiltration was dependent on intact SPI-1 only and not on other SPIs. Conclusions SPI-1 and SPI-2 are the two most important pathogenicity islands of Salmonella Enteritidis required for the colonisation of systemic sites in chickens.
- Published
- 2009
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32. Characterization of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in rabbits orally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
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Jeklova E, Leva L, Matiasovic J, Ondrackova P, Kummer V, and Faldyna M
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- Animals, Encephalitozoonosis immunology, Encephalitozoonosis parasitology, Immunocompetence, Male, Encephalitozoon cuniculi physiology, Encephalitozoonosis veterinary, Immunity, Cellular, Immunity, Humoral, Rabbits
- Abstract
Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. The aim of the study was to describe in detail the spread of the E. cuniculi in a rabbit organism after experimental infection and the host humoral and cellular immune response including cytokine production. For that purpose, healthy immunocompetent rabbits were infected orally in order to simulate the natural route of infection and euthanised at 2, 4, 6 and 8-weeks post-infection. Dissemination of E. cuniculi in the body of the rabbit was more rapid than previously reported. As early as 2 weeks post-infection, E. cuniculi was detected using immunohistochemistry not only in the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs and heart, but also in nervous tissues, especially in medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and leptomeninges. Based on flow cytometry, no conspicuous changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were detected in the examined lymphoid organs of infected rabbits. Cell-mediated immunity was characterized by ability of both CD4
+ and CD8+ T cells to proliferate after stimulation with specific antigens. Th1 polarization of immune response with a predominance of IFN-γ expression was detected in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. The increased expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in mixed samples from the small intestine is indicative of balanced control of IFN-γ, which prevents tissue damage. On the other hand, it can enable E. cuniculi to survive and persist in the host organism in a balanced host-parasite relationship. The Th17 immunity lineage seems to play only a minor role in E. cuniculi infection in rabbits.- Published
- 2020
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33. Immunohistochemical Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Ocular Structures of Immunocompetent Rabbits.
- Author
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Jeklová E, Levá L, Kummer V, Jekl V, and Faldyna M
- Abstract
Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Its causative agent, Encephalitozoon cuniculi , is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, including humans. In rabbits, clinical signs include neurological, kidney and ocular disease. The aim of this study was to detect E. cuniculi in ocular structures in immunocompetent rabbits after experimental oral infection using immunohistochemistry. In infected animals, E. cuniculi spores were present in periocular connective tissue, sclera, cornea, choroidea, iris, retina and lens, as a round to ovoid organism reacting with a specific anti- E. cuniculi monoclonal antibody as early as 2 weeks after infection. There were no signs of inflammatory lesions in any of the ocular tissues examined at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after infection. In the present study, E. cuniculi was also detected in the lenses of adult rabbits, which indicates that ways of lens infection other than intrauterine and haematogenic are possible.
- Published
- 2019
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34. Species identification of European forest pathogens of the genus Milesina (Pucciniales) using urediniospore morphology and molecular barcoding including M.woodwardiana sp. nov.
- Author
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Bubner B, Buchheit R, Friedrich F, Kummer V, and Scholler M
- Abstract
Species of rust fungi of the genus Milesina (Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales) are distributed mainly in northern temperate regions. They host-alternate between needles of fir ( Abies spp.) and fronds of ferns (species of Polypodiales). Milesina species are distinguished based on host taxonomy and urediniospore morphology. In this study, 12 species of Milesina from Europe were revised. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy for urediniospore morphology with a focus on visualising germ pores (number, size and position) and echinulation. In addition, barcode loci (ITS, nad6, 28S) were used for species delimitation and for molecular phylogenetic analyses. Barcodes of 72 Milesina specimens were provided, including 11 of the 12 species. Whereas urediniospore morphology features were sufficient to distinguish all 12 Milesina species except for 2 ( M.blechni and M.kriegeriana ), ITS sequences separated only 4 of 11 species. Sequencing with 28S and nad6 did not improve species resolution. Phylogenetic analysis, however, revealed four phylogenetic groups within Milesina that also correlate with specific urediniospore characters (germ pore number and position and echinulation). These groups are proposed as new sections within Milesina (sections Milesina , Vogesiacae M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov. , Scolopendriorum M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov. and Carpaticae M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov. ). In addition, Milesinawoodwardiana Buchheit & M. Scholler, sp. nov. on Woodwardiaradicans , a member of the type section Milesina, is newly described. An identification key for European Milesina species, based on urediniospore features, is provided.
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- 2019
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35. Aspects of intradermal immunization with different adjuvants: The role of dendritic cells and Th1/Th2 response.
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Oreskovic Z, Nechvatalova K, Krejci J, Kummer V, and Faldyna M
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- Animals, Cytokines immunology, Dendritic Cells cytology, Injections, Intradermal, Swine, Th1 Cells cytology, Th2 Cells cytology, Adjuvants, Immunologic pharmacology, Dendritic Cells immunology, Immunization, Th1 Cells immunology, Th2 Cells immunology
- Abstract
Intradermal (i.d.) application of vaccine is promising way how to induce specific immune response against particular pathogens. Adjuvants, substances added into vaccination dose with the aim to increase immunogenicity, play important role in activation of dendritic cells with subsequent activation of lymphocytes. They can, however, induce unwanted local reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of i.d. administration of model antigen keyhole limped hemocyanine alone or with different adjuvants-aluminium hydroxide and oil-based adjuvants-on local histopathological reaction as well as dendritic cell activation at the site of administration and local cytokine and chemokine response. This was assessed at 4 and 24 hours after application. Selection of the adjuvants was based on the fact, that they differently enhance antibody or cell-mediated immunity. The results showed activation of dendritic cells and both Th1 and Th2 response stimulated by oil-based adjuvants. It was associated with higher expression of set of genes, incl. chemokine receptor CCR7 or Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 and cytokine IFNγ. Application of the antigen with aluminium hydroxide induced higher expression of Th2-associated IL4 or IL13. On the other hand, both complete and incomplete Freund´s adjuvants provoked strong local reaction associated with influx of neutrophils. This was accompanied with high expression of proinflammatory IL1 or neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. Surprisingly, similarly strong local reaction was detected also after application of aluminium hydroxide-based adjuvant. The best balanced local reaction with sufficient activation of immune cells was detected after application of oil-based adjuvants Montanide and Emulsigen., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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36. The first smut fungus, Thecaphoraanthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae).
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Kruse J, Kummer V, Shivas RG, and Thines M
- Abstract
There are 63 known species of Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of Thecaphora was collected in the flower heads of Anthemischia (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe. Based on its distinctive morphology, host species and genetic divergence, this species is described as Thecaphoraanthemidis sp. nov. Molecular barcodes of the ITS region are provided for this and several other species of Thecaphora . A phylogenetic and morphological comparison to closely related species showed that Th.anthemidis differed from other species of Thecaphora . Thecaphoraanthemidis produced loose spore balls in the flower heads and peduncles of Anthemischia unlike other flower-infecting species.
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- 2018
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37. Multi-locus tree and species tree approaches toward resolving a complex clade of downy mildews (Straminipila, Oomycota), including pathogens of beet and spinach.
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Choi YJ, Klosterman SJ, Kummer V, Voglmayr H, Shin HD, and Thines M
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- Bayes Theorem, Beta vulgaris microbiology, DNA, Fungal genetics, Likelihood Functions, Models, Genetic, Plant Diseases microbiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spinacia oleracea microbiology, Genetic Speciation, Peronospora classification, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The family Peronosporaceae (Straminipila; Oomycota) consists of obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause downy mildew disease on angiosperms, including a large number of cultivated plants. In the largest downy mildew genus Peronospora, a phylogenetically complex clade includes the economically important downy mildew pathogens of spinach and beet, as well as the type species of the genus Peronospora. To resolve this complex clade at the species level and to infer evolutionary relationships among them, we used multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and species tree estimation. Both approaches discriminated all nine currently accepted species and revealed four previously unrecognized lineages, which are specific to a host genus or species. This is in line with a narrow species concept, i.e. that a downy mildew species is associated with only a particular host plant genus or species. Instead of applying the dubious name Peronospora farinosa, which has been proposed for formal rejection, our results provide strong evidence that Peronospora schachtii is an independent species from lineages on Atriplex and apparently occurs exclusively on Beta vulgaris. The members of the clade investigated, the Peronospora rumicis clade, associate with three different host plant families, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, suggesting that they may have speciated following at least two recent inter-family host shifts, rather than contemporary cospeciation with the host plants., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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38. Higher plant diversity promotes higher diversity of fungal pathogens, while it decreases pathogen infection per plant.
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Rottstock T, Joshi J, Kummer V, and Fischer M
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- Fungi physiology, Germany, Plants microbiology, Biodiversity, Fungi classification, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plants classification
- Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens are common in natural communities where they affect plant physiology, plant survival, and biomass production. Conversely, pathogen transmission and infection may be regulated by plant community characteristics such as plant species diversity and functional composition that favor pathogen diversity through increases in host diversity while simultaneously reducing pathogen infection via increased variability in host density and spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of multi-host multi-pathogen interactions is of high significance in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning. We investigated the relationship between plant diversity and aboveground obligate parasitic fungal pathogen ("pathogens" hereafter) diversity and infection in grasslands of a long-term, large-scale, biodiversity experiment with varying plant species (1-60 species) and plant functional group diversity (1-4 groups). To estimate pathogen infection of the plant communities, we visually assessed pathogen-group presence (i.e., rusts, powdery mildews, downy mildews, smuts, and leaf-spot diseases) and overall infection levels (combining incidence and severity of each pathogen group) in 82 experimental plots on all aboveground organs of all plant species per plot during four surveys in 2006. Pathogen diversity, assessed as the cumulative number of pathogen groups on all plant species per plot, increased log-linearly with plant species diversity. However, pathogen incidence and severity, and hence overall infection, decreased with increasing plant species diversity. In addition, co-infection of plant individuals by two or more pathogen groups was less likely with increasing plant community diversity. We conclude that plant community diversity promotes pathogen-community diversity while at the same time reducing pathogen infection levels of plant individuals.
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- 2014
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39. Experimental infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Escherichia coli strains positive for EAST1 and AIDA.
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Zajacova ZS, Faldyna M, Kulich P, Kummer V, Maskova J, and Alexa P
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- Animals, Diarrhea immunology, Diarrhea microbiology, Diarrhea veterinary, Escherichia coli Infections immunology, Escherichia coli Infections microbiology, Feces microbiology, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, Intestinal Diseases immunology, Intestinal Diseases microbiology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning veterinary, Random Allocation, Statistics, Nonparametric, Swine, Swine Diseases immunology, Adhesins, Bacterial immunology, Bacterial Toxins immunology, Enterotoxins immunology, Escherichia coli immunology, Escherichia coli Infections veterinary, Escherichia coli Proteins immunology, Germ-Free Life immunology, Intestinal Diseases veterinary, Swine Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
The virulence factors EAST1 and AIDA are often detected in ETEC/VTEC strains isolated from pigs and their role in diarrhoeal infections is discussed. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of AIDA, the colonisation patterns of F4 positive and AIDA positive strains were investigated. Two wild-type Escherichia coli strains AIDA/EAST1 and F4/EAST1 isolated from diarrhoeal piglets were used for animal experiment to evaluate the ability of the EAST1 toxin to be involved in induction of diarrhoea. Gnotobiotic piglets were supplemented with normal porcine serum and orally inoculated with the strains. Faecal bacterial shedding of the challenge strains was observed during the experiment. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to detect the colonisation pattern of both challenge strains. Although bacterial isolation demonstrated shedding of the challenge strains until the end of the experiment, diarrhoea did not develop in any piglet. Based on histological examination, piglets were more heavily colonised in the case of infection with E. coli O149/F4/EAST1 strain. Scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial cells of F4/EAST1 E. coli adhering to enterocytes, in contrast to AIDA/EAST1 which were poorly present on the intestinal surface. The EAST1 toxin alone was not able to induce diarrhoea in animals. Therefore our results demonstrate that the function/role of EAST1 and AIDA in colibacillosis of pigs remains to be elucidated., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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40. Ovarian disorders in immature rats after postnatal exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Kummer V, Mašková J, Zralý Z, and Faldyna M
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- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Apoptosis drug effects, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Female, Ovarian Diseases pathology, Ovary growth & development, Ovary pathology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Aging pathology, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity, Ovarian Diseases chemically induced, Ovary drug effects, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity
- Abstract
The study investigated the effects of postnatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the development of the rat ovary. Neonates were injected on each postnatal day 1-14 with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benz(a)anthracene (BaA) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) (0.1, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg kg(-1)), ethynylestradiol (EE; 1.0 µg kg(-1)) or a vehicle (control group). The rats were killed on day 23. Postnatal exposure to BaP increased the total number of antral follicles in ovaries (P < 0.05) and the number of nonatretic follicles (P < 0.01) as a result of a lower degree of apoptosis of granulosa cells, and the thickness of theca cell layers (P < 0.01). Similar histological findings were observed after BaA administration. Conversely, BkF exposure caused a decrease in the number of antral follicles, but did not alter the other investigated parameters. Degeneration of primordial oocytes after exposure to PAHs was observed only after exposure to BaP. Treatment with BaP at doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg kg(-1) impaired 28.1 and 60.3% of the primordial follicles, respectively. Substantial alterations in ovarian ERβ expression were detected in the rats; their intensity differed with the type of PAH. Response of the ovaries to EE (three injections of 1.0 µg kg(-1) on postnatal days 20-22) in rats exposed to PAHs was suppressed in contrast to the controls. The study showed that postnatal exposure to BaP, BaA and BkF altered ovarian ERβ expression, disturbed morphological development of the ovaries and caused ovarian dysfunction in immature rats., (Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2013
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41. Host response in rabbits to infection with Pasteurella multocida serogroup F strains originating from fowl cholera.
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Jaglic Z, Jeklova E, Christensen H, Leva L, Register K, Kummer V, Kucerova Z, Faldyna M, Maskova J, and Nedbalcova K
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Typing Techniques veterinary, Chickens microbiology, Cholera veterinary, DNA, Bacterial analysis, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field veterinary, Female, Male, Multilocus Sequence Typing veterinary, Pasteurella Infections microbiology, Pasteurella Infections pathology, Pasteurella Infections transmission, Pasteurella multocida classification, Pasteurella multocida genetics, Pasteurella multocida isolation & purification, Poultry Diseases, Turkeys microbiology, Virulence, Pasteurella Infections veterinary, Pasteurella multocida pathogenicity, Rabbits microbiology
- Abstract
Although Pasteurella multocida serogroup F has been described as an avian-adapted serogroup, it was recently found in rabbit nests in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the ability of 2 avian P. multocida serogroup F strains to induce disease in rabbits was investigated. Two groups of 18 Pasteurella-free rabbits were intranasally challenged with strains isolated from chickens and turkeys. Half of the animals in each challenge group were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone. All of the challenged rabbits exhibited clinical signs of peracute septicemic disease, ending with shock, and died or were euthanized in the terminal stages of the disease 1 to 2 d post-infection. Gross pathological changes included systemic vascular collapse and vascular leak syndrome. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, inflammatory cell infiltrates, focal necrosis, and degenerative changes were observed histologically in parenchymatous organs. This is the first study directly demonstrating that avian P. multocida serogroup F strains are highly virulent in rabbits and that avian hosts cannot be excluded as a possible source of rabbit infection with serogroup F.
- Published
- 2011
42. Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment.
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Scherber C, Eisenhauer N, Weisser WW, Schmid B, Voigt W, Fischer M, Schulze ED, Roscher C, Weigelt A, Allan E, Bessler H, Bonkowski M, Buchmann N, Buscot F, Clement LW, Ebeling A, Engels C, Halle S, Kertscher I, Klein AM, Koller R, König S, Kowalski E, Kummer V, Kuu A, Lange M, Lauterbach D, Middelhoff C, Migunova VD, Milcu A, Müller R, Partsch S, Petermann JS, Renker C, Rottstock T, Sabais A, Scheu S, Schumacher J, Temperton VM, and Tscharntke T
- Subjects
- Animals, Population Density, Biodiversity, Models, Biological, Plant Physiological Phenomena
- Abstract
Biodiversity is rapidly declining, and this may negatively affect ecosystem processes, including economically important ecosystem services. Previous studies have shown that biodiversity has positive effects on organisms and processes across trophic levels. However, only a few studies have so far incorporated an explicit food-web perspective. In an eight-year biodiversity experiment, we studied an unprecedented range of above- and below-ground organisms and multitrophic interactions. A multitrophic data set originating from a single long-term experiment allows mechanistic insights that would not be gained from meta-analysis of different experiments. Here we show that plant diversity effects dampen with increasing trophic level and degree of omnivory. This was true both for abundance and species richness of organisms. Furthermore, we present comprehensive above-ground/below-ground biodiversity food webs. Both above ground and below ground, herbivores responded more strongly to changes in plant diversity than did carnivores or omnivores. Density and richness of carnivorous taxa was independent of vegetation structure. Below-ground responses to plant diversity were consistently weaker than above-ground responses. Responses to increasing plant diversity were generally positive, but were negative for biological invasion, pathogen infestation and hyperparasitism. Our results suggest that plant diversity has strong bottom-up effects on multitrophic interaction networks, with particularly strong effects on lower trophic levels. Effects on higher trophic levels are indirectly mediated through bottom-up trophic cascades.
- Published
- 2010
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43. Influence of 5 major Salmonella pathogenicity islands on NK cell depletion in mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.
- Author
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Karasova D, Sebkova A, Havlickova H, Sisak F, Volf J, Faldyna M, Ondrackova P, Kummer V, and Rychlik I
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- Animals, Antigens, CD19 immunology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Shedding, CD3 Complex immunology, Cell Proliferation, Cytokines immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Histocytochemistry, Lymphocytes cytology, Lymphocytes immunology, Membrane Proteins genetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Salmonella Infections, Animal microbiology, Salmonella enteritidis genetics, Statistics, Nonparametric, Virulence, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Membrane Proteins immunology, Salmonella Infections, Animal immunology, Salmonella enteritidis pathogenicity
- Abstract
Background: In this study we were interested in the colonisation and early immune response of Balb/C mice to infection with Salmonella Enteritidis and isogenic pathogenicity island free mutants., Results: The virulence of S. Enteritidis for Balb/C mice was exclusively dependent on intact SPI-2. Infections with any of the mutants harbouring SPI-2 (including the mutant in which we left only SPI-2 but removed SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-4 and SPI-5) resulted in fatalities, liver injures and NK cell depletion from the spleen. The infection was of minimal influence on counts of splenic CD4 CD8 T lymphocytes and gammadelta T-lymphocytes although a reduced ability of splenic lymphocytes to respond to non-specific mitogens indicated general immunosuppression in mice infected with SPI-2 positive S. Enteritidis mutants. Further investigations showed that NK cells were depleted also in blood but not in the caecal lamina propria. However, NK cell depletion was not directly associated with the presence of SPI-2 and was rather an indicator of virulence or avirulence of a particular mutant because the depletion was not observed in mice infected with other attenuated mutants such as lon and rfaL., Conclusions: The virulence of S. Enteritidis for Balb/C mice is exclusively dependent on the presence of SPI-2 in its genome, and a major hallmark of the infection in terms of early changes in lymphocyte populations is the depletion of NK cells in spleen and blood. The decrease of NK cells in circulation can be used as a marker of attenuation of S. Enteritidis mutants for Balb/C mice.
- Published
- 2010
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44. Virulence potential of five major pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for chickens.
- Author
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Rychlik I, Karasova D, Sebkova A, Volf J, Sisak F, Havlickova H, Kummer V, Imre A, Szmolka A, and Nagy B
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens immunology, Immunity, Innate, Poultry Diseases immunology, Poultry Diseases microbiology, RNA, Bacterial genetics, Salmonella Infections, Animal immunology, Salmonella Infections, Animal microbiology, Salmonella enteritidis pathogenicity, Sequence Deletion, Virulence, Chickens microbiology, Genomic Islands, Salmonella enteritidis genetics
- Abstract
Background: Salmonella is a highly successful parasite of reptiles, birds and mammals. Its ability to infect and colonise such a broad range of hosts coincided with the introduction of new genetic determinants, among them 5 major pathogenicity islands (SPI1-5), into the Salmonella genome. However, only limited information is available on how each of these pathogenicity islands influences the ability of Salmonella to infect chickens. In this study, we therefore constructed Salmonella Enteritidis mutants with each SPI deleted separately, with single individual SPIs (i.e. with the remaining four deleted) and a mutant with all 5 SPIs deleted, and assessed their virulence in one-day-old chickens, together with the innate immune response of this host., Results: The mutant lacking all 5 major SPIs was still capable of colonising the caecum while colonisation of the liver and spleen was dependent on the presence of both SPI-1 and SPI-2. In contrast, the absence of SPI-3, SPI-4 or SPI-5 individually did not influence virulence of S. Enteritidis for chickens, but collectively they contributed to the colonisation of the spleen. Proinflammatory signalling and heterophil infiltration was dependent on intact SPI-1 only and not on other SPIs., Conclusions: SPI-1 and SPI-2 are the two most important pathogenicity islands of Salmonella Enteritidis required for the colonisation of systemic sites in chickens.
- Published
- 2009
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45. Morphological and functional disorders of the immature rat uterus after postnatal exposure to benz[a]anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene.
- Author
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Kummer V, Mašková J, Matiašovic J, and Faldyna M
- Abstract
We investigated the effects of postnatal exposure to benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) on the development of the rat uterus. Neonates were injected on each postnatal days 1-14 with B[a]A (0.1, 1.0 or 10.0mg/kg), B[k]F (0.1, 1.0 or 5.0mg/kg), ethynylestradiol (EE; 1.0μg/kg) or a vehicle. The rats were killed on day 23. All doses of B[a]A and B[k]F induced a reduction of the uterine weight, a reduction of the estrogen receptor α expression in the luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells. Moreover, the uterotrophic response to EE (3-day administration of 1.0μg/kg on postnatal days 20-22) in rats exposed to B[a]A, B[k]F and EE was lower than in controls. The study showed that postnatal exposure to B[a]A and B[k]F resultes in morphological and functional disorders of the immature rat uterus., (Copyright © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2009
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46. Estrogenic activity of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in uterus of immature Wistar rats.
- Author
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Kummer V, Masková J, Zralý Z, Neca J, Simecková P, Vondrácek J, and Machala M
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 metabolism, Epithelium drug effects, Estradiol metabolism, Estrogen Receptor alpha metabolism, Female, Hydroxylation, Immunohistochemistry, Microsomes, Liver drug effects, Microsomes, Liver metabolism, Organ Size drug effects, Ovary drug effects, Phosphorylation, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism, Uterus drug effects, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Estrogens biosynthesis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity, Uterus metabolism
- Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, known for their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. Many PAHs are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and several recent studies have suggested that PAHs or their metabolites may activate estrogen receptors (ER). The present study investigated possible estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects of abundant environmental contaminants benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), fluoranthene (Fla) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) in vivo, using the immature rat uterotrophic assay. The present results suggest that BaA, BaP and Fla behaved as estrogen-like compounds in immature Wistar rats, when applied for 3 consecutive days at 10mg/kg/day, as documented by a significant increase of uterine weight and hypertrophy of luminal epithelium. These effects were likely to be mediated by ERalpha, a major subtype of ER present in uterus, as they were inhibited by treatment with ER antagonist ICI 182,780. BaA, the most potent of studied PAHs, induced a significant estrogenic effect within a concentration range 0.1-50mg/kg/day; however, it did not reach the maximum level induced by reference estrogens. The proposed antiestrogenicity of the potent AhR agonist BkF was not confirmed in the present in vivo study; the exposure to BkF did not significantly affect the uterine weight, although a weak suppression of ERalpha immunostaining was observed in luminal and glandular epithelium, possibly related to its AhR-mediated activity. The PAHs under study did not induce marked genotoxic damage in uterine tissues, as documented by the lack of Ser-15-phoshorylated p53 protein staining. With the exception of Fla, all three remaining compounds increased CYP1-dependent monooxygenation activities in liver at the doses used, suggesting that the potential tissue-specific antiestrogenic effects of PAHs mediated by metabolization of 17beta-estradiol also cannot be excluded. Taken together, these environmentally relevant PAHs induced estrogenic effects in vivo, which might affect their toxic impact and carcinogenicity.
- Published
- 2008
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47. Bioaerosols--sources and control measures.
- Author
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Kummer V and Thiel WR
- Subjects
- Air Pollutants, Filtration instrumentation, Filtration methods, Germany, Waste Management legislation & jurisprudence, Aerosols, Air Pollution prevention & control, Industrial Waste prevention & control, Waste Management methods
- Abstract
In every field of activity where organic material is being handled, emissions of dust, gases, odor as well as bioaerosols are bound to arise. For this reason, waste management facilities or else agricultural enterprises are potential emission sources of bioaerosols. The dispersion of bioaerosols from waste treatment facilities and their health impacts continue to be the subject of numerous discussions. This article addresses organizational and engineering measures for the mitigation of bioaerosol emissions. The required scale of emission reduction and the choice of microbiological parameters have to be assessed with respect to location and facility type.
- Published
- 2008
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48. The effect of intramuscular administration of colistin on the development and course of experimentally induced oedema disease in weaned piglets.
- Author
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Konstantinova L, Hamrik J, Kulich P, Kummer V, Maskova J, and Alexa P
- Subjects
- Ampicillin administration & dosage, Ampicillin pharmacology, Ampicillin Resistance, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Case-Control Studies, Colistin administration & dosage, Edema Disease of Swine microbiology, Edema Disease of Swine mortality, Escherichia coli Infections drug therapy, Escherichia coli Infections microbiology, Escherichia coli Infections mortality, Feces microbiology, Injections, Intramuscular veterinary, Intestines microbiology, Lymph Nodes microbiology, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli drug effects, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli growth & development, Swine, Time Factors, Weaning, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Colistin pharmacology, Edema Disease of Swine drug therapy, Escherichia coli Infections veterinary, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli pathogenicity
- Abstract
Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains that produce Shiga toxin Stx2e cause oedema disease in weaned piglets. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Stx2e released in mesenteric lymph nodes on disease pathogenesis. Colistin and ampicillin were intramuscularly administered to piglets of the experimental group simultaneously challenged with STEC strain, type O139:F18ab, Stx2e+. Piglets of the control group were challenged with STEC only. The strain was naturally resistant to ampicillin and susceptible to colistin. After the challenge, colonisation of the intestines was observed in both antibiotic-treated piglets and control piglets without antibiotic treatment. Histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy revealed sporadic colonisation of the small intestine in the piglets. STEC was detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes of untreated piglets. The clinical manifestations of oedema disease were observed in both groups. In the antibiotic-treated group (11 piglets), oedema disease developed in 10 piglets, eight of which died or were euthanized ante finem. In the untreated group (11 piglets), oedema disease developed in five piglets, four of which died or were euthanized ante finem. We therefore propose that the STEC lysed by colistin suddenly released the toxin from bacterial cells immediately after their passage through the intestinal wall. That could explain a more severe course of oedema disease in the treated piglets. Even though high amounts of STEC were present in the lymph nodes of untreated piglets, the toxin was not released abruptly because the bacterial cells were not damaged.
- Published
- 2008
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49. Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinoid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences.
- Author
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Bitzer J, Laessøe T, Fournier J, Kummer V, Decock C, Tichy HV, Piepenbring M, Persoh D, and Stadler M
- Subjects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Fermentation, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycological Typing Techniques, Naphthols analysis, Naphthols metabolism, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Xylariales genetics, Xylariales metabolism, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Xylariales chemistry, Xylariales classification
- Abstract
A chemotaxonomic evaluation using hplc profiling was undertaken to resolve the infrageneric and intergeneric affinities of over 150 strains of Xylariaceae. Daldinia placentiformis, Hypoxylon nicaraguense, H. polyporus, and Phylacia sagrana were found to contain 8-methoxy-1-naphthol, which is apparently absent in Annulohypoxylon, Hypoxylon, and related genera with bipartite stromata. D. placentiformis and other species of Daldinia and Entonaema produced this naphthol, 5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone, isosclerone derivatives, and 'AB-5046' phytotoxins. Phylacia sagrana differed from most Daldinia spp., except for D. caldariorum, by producing eutypine derivatives in addition to the above compounds. Indolylquinones were observed in H. nicaraguense and H. polyporus. Isosclerones were also identified in the A. multiforme complex, but Hypoxylon and other Annulohypoxylon and most Hypoxylon spp. studied Annulohypoxylon spp. contained 5-methylmellein as the major metabolite of their cultures. Based on the occurrence of the above metabolites, further mellein-type dihydroisocoumarins, teleomorphic and anamorphic Xylariaceae with Nodulisporium-like anamorphs ('Hypoxyloideae') were divided into various chemotypes. A comparison of their 5.8S/ITS nuc-rDNA sequences agreed in some important aspects with the above results: H. nicaraguense and H. polyporus appeared basal to a clade comprising Daldinia, Entonaema, and Ph. sagrana. The latter species appeared allied to D. caldariorum, but was distantly related to Pyrenomyxa morganii and Hypoxylon s. str.
- Published
- 2008
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50. Experimental study of pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F in rabbits.
- Author
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Jaglic Z, Jeklova E, Leva L, Kummer V, Kucerova Z, Faldyna M, Maskova J, Nedbalcova K, and Alexa P
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Immunocompromised Host, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Male, Pasteurella Infections microbiology, Pasteurella Infections pathology, Rabbits, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Subcutaneous Tissue microbiology, Subcutaneous Tissue pathology, Virulence, Pasteurella Infections veterinary, Pasteurella multocida classification, Pasteurella multocida pathogenicity
- Abstract
The role of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F in inducing disease in rabbits was investigated in this study. Three groups of 12 Pasteurella-free rabbits each were intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.), and perorally (p.o.) challenged, respectively. Six rabbits of each group were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone. Eight rabbits (four of them immunosuppressed) inoculated i.n. showed symptoms of respiratory distress resulting in respiratory failure and died or were euthanized in the terminal stage of the disease 3-6 days post-infection (p.i.). The main pathological findings were fibrinopurulent pleuropneumonia (immunocompetent rabbits) or diffuse haemorrhagic pneumonia (immunosuppressed rabbits). Septicemic syndrome ending with shock occurred in 11 rabbits (6 of them immunosuppressed) inoculated s.c., which died or were euthanized in the terminal stage of the disease 2-3 days p.i. The most significant pathological findings were extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. All of the p.o. inoculated rabbits survived the challenge showing no clinical signs of the disease and no macroscopic lesions. The observations in this study indicate that in addition to serogroups A and D of P. multocida, serogroup F also can be highly pathogenic for rabbits and therefore might be a cause of considerable economic loss in commercial rabbit production.
- Published
- 2008
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