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Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a crucial process in diverse pathophysiological states, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative ailments, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid peroxidation pathway, chiefly governed by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), assumes an essential part in driving ferroptosis. GPX4, as the principal orchestrator of ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention across cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroscience domains over the past decade. Noteworthy investigations have elucidated the indispensable functions of ferroptosis in numerous diseases, including tumorigenesis, wherein robust ferroptosis within cells can impede tumor advancement. Recent research has underscored the complex regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the GSH-GPX4 network, thus influencing cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. This exhaustive review endeavors to probe into the multifaceted processes by which ncRNAs control the GSH-GPX4 network in ferroptosis. Specifically, we delve into the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating GPX4 expression and impacting cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of dysregulated interactions between ncRNAs and GPX4 in several conditions, underscoring their capacity as viable targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies aimed at targeting ncRNAs to modulate the GSH-GPX4 pathway and manipulate ferroptosis for therapeutic advantage. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate regulatory networks furnishes insights into innovative therapeutic avenues for diseases associated with perturbed ferroptosis, thereby laying the groundwork for therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs in ferroptosis-related pathological conditions.

Abstract Background The proliferation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has presented new challenges in public health, particularly among adolescents and young adults. While marketed as safer than tobacco and as cessation aids, e-cigarettes have raised concerns about their long-term health and psychosocial impacts, including potential links to increased suicidal behaviors. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between e-cigarette use and suicidal behaviors by conducting a systematic review of the current literature. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for studies up to March 10, 2024, examining the relationship between e-cigarette use and suicidal behaviors. Eligible studies included cross-sectional, longitudinal, retrospective, prospective, and case–control designs. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies. R software (V 4.3) was used to perform the meta-analysis. Results Our analysis included fourteen studies, predominantly from the US and Korea, with participants ranging from 1,151 to 255,887. The meta-analysis identified a significant association between e-cigarette use and an increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.489, 95% CI: 1.357 to 1.621), suicide attempts (OR = 2.497, 95% CI: 1.999 to 3.996), and suicidal planning (OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.810 to 2.810). Heterogeneity was noted among the studies. Conclusion E-cigarette use is significantly associated with the risk of suicidal behaviors, particularly among adolescents. The findings underscore the necessity for caution in endorsing e-cigarettes as a safer smoking alternative and call for more extensive research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Public health strategies should be developed to address and mitigate the risks of suicidal behaviors among e-cigarette users.

Abstract Background Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to severe cardiovascular complications. Anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, is proposed to benefit the hyperinflammatory state of MIS-C, potentially improving cardiac function. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of early Anakinra administration on cardiac outcomes in children with MIS-C. Methods A comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until March 2024 identified studies using Anakinra to treat MIS-C with reported cardiac outcomes. Observational cohorts and clinical trials were included, with data extraction focusing on cardiac function metrics and inflammatory markers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria, ranging from retrospective cohorts to prospective clinical studies, predominantly from the USA. Anakinra dosages ranged from 2.3 to 10 mg/kg based on disease severity. Several studies showed significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and reductions in inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, suggesting Anakinra’s role in enhancing cardiac function and mitigating inflammation. However, findings on vasoactive support needs were mixed, and some studies did not report significant changes in acute cardiac support requirements. Conclusion Early Anakinra administration shows potential for improving cardiac function and reducing inflammation in children with MIS-C, particularly those with severe manifestations. However, the existing evidence is limited by the observational nature of most studies and lacks randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Further high-quality RCTs are necessary to conclusively determine Anakinra’s effectiveness and optimize its use in MIS-C management for better long-term cardiac outcomes and standardized treatment protocols.

People in the hilly region are looking at soybean, a highly nutritious crop, as a solution to the problem of malnutrition. The inhabitants of hilly areas of Uttarakhand state in the Indian Himalayan region cultivate the soybean variety 'Bhat'. The crop has several health benefits due to its high protein and fiber content. Lack of focused studies on ‘Bhat’ cultivars has led to gradual declination in production of this important crop. The goal of the present study was to analyze the growth and development patterns in the soybean accessions collected from the different villages of the Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. Significant variations were recorded in the germination rate and plantlet development of different accessions of 'Bhat' cultivars on varying growth mediums. Sowing time and adding manure proved to be crucial for optimal germination. The study provides preliminary information that holds potential for identifying the best cultivars suitable for cultivation and varietal improvement programs of this indigenous crop variety of Uttarakhand

The tribes of the Tons Valley in Uttarakhand, India, prepare Pakhoi, a traditional drink, as the subject of the current study. This drink is known to have therapeutic properties and has potential applications in anti-cancer research. The present study investigates the antiproliferative activity of key compounds found in this drink. Numerous computational tools have assessed the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, drug likeness, and medicinal chemistry of these compounds. SwissADME and Molsoft were utilized to determine properties such as drug likeness scores, especially for Tomentin, which showed the highest score of 1.09. To evaluate anticancer potential, PASS Online software was employed to obtain bioactivity scores; the program reports activity as probable activity (Pa) with values ranging from 0.000 to 1.000 and has a 95% accuracy rate. Pa values greater than 0.7 suggest greater pharmacological action, whereas values less than 0.7 indicate less activity. A variety of drugs regulate ion channel modulators, crucial therapeutic targets that facilitate the passage of charged particles across cell membranes. The next server predicted Haplopine, molecule 4, to be the most bioactive ion channel modulator, with a score of 0.35. Molinspiration: Kinase inhibitors are drugs that selectively inhibit or alter disease-related signaling. Atherospermidine, one of the components in the drink, displayed a bioactivity score of 0.32 as a kinase inhibitor. CLC-Pred was employed to determine the cytotoxicity of major compounds found in the drink for specific cancer cell lines, which shows the value of Pa 0.907 and Pi 0.004. Furthermore, we used PaccMann, a compound that indicates efficacy against cancer cell lines, to determine the IC50 value. It predicted that Narciclasine and Tomentin would be efficient in reducing the proliferation of certain cell lines. Molecular docking was conducted to gain insights into the molecular interaction between the compounds and their specific targets, and the ligand shows the best binding affinity with the protein target CDK4 with -9.7 binding affinity. Swiss Target Prediction helped identify the targets associated with the compounds. The study provided significant insights into the potential of the tribal drink as an anticancer therapeutic agent.

Chilli, one of the most popular vegetables in the world is infested by many insect-pests and diseases. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole class insecticide is used to manage insect-pests on chilli. The present study aimed to analyze the dissipation patterns and residual concentrations of the fipronil and its metabolites in chilli fruits during the Kharif season of 2020–21, in semi-arid environment. In the study, fipronil was applied to the plants twice, with a 10-day gap between treatments, using a 5 % suspension concentrate. The applications were undertaken using two separate concentrations i.e. the lower dosage of 40 g a.i. ha−1 and higher dosage of 80 g a.i. ha−1. There were four sets of data for each concentration. The chilli crop was systematically sampled at predetermined intervals after the application of the second spray. The procedure encompassed utilizing the modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique for extraction and purification, followed by analyzing the resulting residues using Gas Chromatography Electron Capture Detector. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry was subsequently conducted for the confirmation of the findings. The research revealed that the mean initial deposit of fipronil and its metabolites (desulfinyl, sulphide, and sulfone) at the authorized dosage was determined to be 0.574, 0.123, 0.031, and 0.180 mg kg−1, respectively. In contrast, when administered at twice the prescribed dosage, the mean first deposit was 1.204, 0.230, 0.067, and 0.382 mg kg−1. The half-life values of these residues exhibited a range of 1.2–4.1 days for both dosages. A prudent waiting duration was determined for the doses, leading to the conclusion that an average interval of 7 days is deemed safe for harvesting chilli peppers. The significance of this discovery is related to the maximum residue limits of 0.001 mg kg−1 for fipronil in green chilli, as established by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. This study provides significant insights into fipronil's persistence and proper management in chilli plant cultivation, emphasizing the importance of following prescribed dosages and designated waiting intervals to ensure the safety of food products.

Introduction: Daidzein, a secondary metabolite found in Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Pueraria lobata (Willd.), plays a pivotal role in various therapeutic applications, including its potential as an anticancer agent, particularly in estrogen-dependent breast cancer, along with anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, antioxidative, and neurogenerative effects. Daidzein's ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier enhances cognition, reduces aggression, and promotes locomotor activity. Its structural resemblance to estrogens positions it as a potential remedy for menopausal osteoporosis. Methodology: The methodology for the comprehensive review on Daidzein entailed a literature search utilising keywords such as ''Daidzein'' and various therapeutic activities, including “Antioxidant,” “Anti-inflammatory,” “Anticancer,” “Antiviral,” “Antiobesity,” “Antidiabetic,” “Nephrotoxicity,” “Cardiovascular,” “Neuroprotective,” “Osteoporosis,” “Menopausal Symptoms,” “Aging,” “Cognitive Activities”. Academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were employed for the search, considering articles published within the last 20 years to capture recent research while encompassing significant historical studies. Results: The results provide insights into the diverse effects of daidzein across various health domains, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antiobesity, antidiabetic, nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, ageing, and cognitive activities. Discussion: : The discussion section critically analyses the collective evidence gathered from the studies. It explores the mechanisms underlying daidzein's therapeutic effects and discusses the implications of these findings for both Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern healthcare practices. However, challenges related to its low bioavailability and toxicity necessitate further research, providing a foundation for future studies on daidzein's potential applications.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a highly contagious respiratory disease with widespread societal impact. The symptoms range from cough, fever, and pneumonia to complications affecting various organs, including the heart, kidneys, and nervous system. Despite various ongoing efforts, no effective drug has been developed to stop the spread of the virus. Although various types of medications used to treat bacterial and viral diseases have previously been employed to treat COVID-19 patients, their side effects have also been observed. The way SARS-CoV-2 infects the human body is very specific, as its spike protein plays an important role. The S subunit of virus spike protein cleaved by human proteases, such as furin protein, is an initial and important step for its internalization into a human host. Keeping this context, we attempted to inhibit the furin using phytochemicals that could produce minimal side effects. For this, we screened 408 natural phytochemicals from various plants having antiviral properties, against furin protein, and molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed. Based on the binding score, the top three compounds (robustaflavone, withanolide, and amentoflavone) were selected for further validation. MM/GBSA energy calculations revealed that withanolide has the lowest binding energy of −57.2 kcal/mol followed by robustaflavone and amentoflavone with a binding energy of −45.2 kcal/mol and −39.68 kcal/mol, respectively. Additionally, ADME analysis showed drug-like properties for these three lead compounds. Hence, these natural compounds robustaflavone, withanolide, and amentoflavone, may have therapeutic potential for the management of SARS-CoV-2 by targeting furin.

Consumption of fermented foods has been an integral part of the human food resource since the beginning of civilization. For generations, the practice of preparing fermented food have remained the same with a very little alterations in the techniques. Throughout the globe people with different ethnicity are known to produce fermented alcoholic beverages using variety of substrates depending upon the abundance and availability of the substrate in the region. Majority of the traditional fermented beverages have socio-cultural values amongst the tribal communities who consumes them, not only these fermented beverages have deep rooted link to rituals but also are consumed for nutritive and therapeutic purpose. These drinks are not only rich in its texture, flavor and nutrition but also fortified with the goodness of probiotic microflora which plays an imperative role in enhancing the overall dietary profile of the drinks. The high-altitude geographical regions of India are well-known for the rich diversity of ethno-medicinal plants, the tribal communities residing on the higher planes utilizes a variety of these ethnomedicinal plants for the preparation of ethnic fermented drinks which in turn augments the therapeutic value of the drinks. The present review exchanges insight on the preparation of some well-recognized drinks of the three regions of the North-West Indian Himalayan region i.e., Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

Background: The current study aimed to develop a laboratory-scale biofilm photobioreactor system for biofuel production. Scope & Approach: During the investigation, Jute was discovered to be the best, cheap, hairy, open-pored supporting material for biofilm formation. Microalgae & yeast consortium was used in this study for biofilm formation. Conclusion: The study identified microalgae and yeast consortium as a promising choice and ideal partners for biofilm formation with the highest biomass yield (47.63 ± 0.93 g/m2), biomass productivity (4.39 ± 0.29 to 7.77 ± 0.05 g/m2/day) and lipid content (36%) over 28 days cultivation period, resulting in a more sustainable and environmentally benign fuel that could become a reality in the near future.

The production and disposal of plastics have become significant concerns for the sustainability of the planet. During the past 75 years, around 80% of plastic waste has either ended up in landfills or been released into the environment. Plastic debris released into the environment breaks down into smaller particles through fragmentation, weathering, and other disintegration processes, generating microplastics (plastic particles ≤ 5 mm in size). Although marine and aquatic ecosystems have been the primary focus of microplastic pollution research, a growing body of evidence suggests that terrestrial ecosystems are equally at risk. Microplastic contamination has been reported in various terrestrial environments from several sources such as plastics mulch, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, tire abrasions (tire wear particles), textiles industries (microfibers), sewage sludge, and plastic dumping. Recent studies suggest that the soil has become a significant sink for pollutants released into terrestrial ecosystems and is often contaminated with a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants. This has gradually caused adverse impacts on soil health and fertility by affecting soil pH, porosity, water-holding capacity, and soil microbial enzymatic activities. Microplastics can interact with the co-existing pollutants of the environments by adsorbing the contaminants onto their surfaces through various intermolecular forces, including electrostatic, hydrophobic, non-covalent, partition effects, van der Waals forces, and microporous filling mechanisms. This subsequently delays the degradation process of existing contaminants, thereby affecting the soil and various ecological activities of the ecosystem. Thus, the present article aims to elucidate the deleterious impact of microplastics and their interactions with other pollutants in the terrestrial ecosystem. This review also addresses the impact of microplastics in disrupting the soil sustainability of the planet.

Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term ‘embryonic’ might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood–brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that has a high mortality rate. Majorly, two types of skin cancer are the most common, which are melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Each year, approximately 55% of individuals die due to skin cancer. Early detection of skin cancer enhances the survival rate of individuals. There are various antioxidants like vitamins C, E, and A, zinc, and selenium present in various foods that can be helpful in preventing skin cancer. “Deep Learning” (DL) is an effective method to detect cancerous lesions. The study’s purpose is to comprehend the vital function performed by DL methods in supporting healthcare professionals in easier skin cancer detection using big data networks. The present research analyzes the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of “Convolutional Neural Network” (CNN) for DL in the early detection of skin cancer. A statistical analysis has been done with IBM SPSS software to understand how the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CNN change with the change in image number, augmentation number, epochs, and resolution of images. These factors have been considered independent variables, and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity have been considered the dependent variables. After that, a linear regression analysis was carried out to obtain t and p values. The major scope of the study is to analyze the major role played by the DL models through the big data network in the medical industry. The researchers also found that when additional characteristics are present, image resolution does not have the potential to reduce image accuracy, specificity, or sensitivity. The scope of the study is more focused on using a DL-based big data network for supporting healthcare workers in detecting skin cancer at an early stage and the role of technology in supporting medical practitioners in rendering better treatment. Findings showed that the number of training images increases the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CNN architecture when various and effective augmentation techniques are used. Image resolution did not show any significant relationship with accuracy. The number of epochs positively affected the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity; however, more than 98% accuracy has been observed with epochs between 50 and 70.

In an agriculture sector, the quality of several raw crops depends upon the time factor. After harvesting, it is necessary to bring the crops either to cold storage or directly to customer though wholesale dealers. Keeping crops in cold storage decrease the nutrition value and also increase the overall cost of the crop leading to price hike. So, it will be best if the crops are put in the market as soon as possible. This can only be possible if the logistic system is updated and can handle the real-time requirement of agriculture product transport. This study investigates and highlights the possible IoT-based logistic support using artificial intelligence for the farmers such that a fast corridor is created between farmers’ lands to end-user customers. This will benefit the farmers in two-fold; first, it will increase the revenue of farmers by decreasing the time span avoiding cold storage fees, and second, it will maintain the quality of crops.

The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised a severe global public health issue and creates a pandemic situation. The present work aims to study the molecular -docking and dynamic of three pertinent medicinal plants i.e. Eurycoma harmandiana, Sophora flavescens and Andrographis paniculata phyto-compounds against SARS-COV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro)/3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro). The interaction of protein targets and ligands was performed through AutoDock-Vina visualized using PyMOL and BIOVIA-Discovery Studio 2020. Molecular docking with canthin-6-one 9-O-beta-glucopyranoside showed highest binding affinity and less binding energy with both PLpro and Mpro/3CLpro proteases and was subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for a period of 100ns. Stability of the protein-ligand complexes was evaluated by different analyses. The binding free energy calculated using MM-PBSA and the results showed that the molecule must have stable interactions with the protein binding site. ADMET analysis of the compounds suggested that it is having drug-like properties like high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, no blood-brain barrier permeability and high lipophilicity. The outcome revealed that canthin-6-one 9-O-beta-glucopyranoside can be used as a potential natural drug against COVID-19 protease.