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Abstract Acute coronary syndromes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), lack effective therapies beyond heart transplantation, which is often hindered by donor scarcity and postoperative complications. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer the possibility of myocardial regeneration by differentiating into cardiomyocytes. However, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-cardiomyocytes) exhibit fetal-like calcium flux and energy metabolism, which inhibits their engraftment. Several strategies have been explored to improve the therapeutic efficacy of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, such as selectively enhancing energy substrate utilization and improving the transplantation environment. In this review, we have discussed the impact of altered mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic switching on the maturation of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we have discussed the limitations inherent in current methodologies for assessing metabolism in hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, and the challenges in achieving sufficient metabolic flexibility akin to that in the healthy adult heart.

Soft tissue integration around titanium (Ti) implants is weaker than that around natural teeth, compromising long-term success of Ti implants. Carbon monoxide (CO) possesses distinctive therapeutic properties, rendering it as a highly promising candidate for enhancing STI. However, achieving controlled CO generation at the STI interface remains challenging. Herein, a controlled CO-releasing dual-function coating was constructed on Ti surfaces. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the designed surface could actively accelerate CO generation for antibiosis against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. More importantly, in the absence of NIR, the slow release of CO induces macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory phenotype towards pro-regenerative phenotype. In a rat implantation model with induced infection, the designed surface effectively controlled the bacterial infection, alleviates accompanying inflammation and modulated immune microenvironment, leading to enhanced STI. Single-cell sequencing revealed that the coating alters the cytokine profile within the soft tissue, thereby influencing cellular functions. Differentially expressed genes in macrophages are highly enriched in the PIK3-Akt pathway. Furthermore, the cellular communication between fibroblasts and macrophages was significantly enhanced through the CXCL12/CXCL14/CXCR4 and CSF1-CSF1R ligand-receptor pair. These findings indicate that our coating showed an appealing prospect for enhancing STI around Ti implants, which would ultimately contribute to the improved long-term success of Ti implants.

Abstract Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a severe retinal disease in premature infants characterized by pathological neovascularization, obliteration of retinal vessels and increased vessel tortuosity. Currently, there are no completely satisfactory treatments for ROP. Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF), a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, appears late in gestation and its deficiency may be linked to development of ROP. This study investigates the preclinical efficacy of PEDF protein alone or in combination with VEGF antagonists for treating ROP. The safety of PEDF protein in the rat eye was assessed using functional in vivo measurements and histology. The efficacy of intravitreal injections (IVI) of various treatments was evaluated in a rat oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) model using in vivo imaging and flatmount analyses. No functional or histological side‐effects were found in rat eyes after intravitreal PEDF protein injection. PEDF protein alone or combined with anti‐VEGF drugs significantly reduced pathological neovascularization and vessel obliteration, comparable to the effects of anti‐VEGF drugs alone. Regarding arterial tortuosity, treatment with a combination of PEDF, and VEGF antagonist was more effective than treatment with anti‐VEGF alone. IVI of PEDF protein is safe. PEDF protein alone or combined with VEGF antagonists shows similar efficacy in reducing pathological neovascularization and vessel obliteration as anti‐VEGF agents. Furthermore, only treatments involving PEDF protein, alone or with VEGF antagonists, significantly improved the quality of retinal vasculature. Thus, PEDF protein alone or combined with anti‐VEGF agents presents a promising alternative to current anti‐VEGF treatments for ROP.

Abstract Stress can lead to gut dysbiosis in brain-gut axis disordered diseases as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet the mechanisms how stress transfer from the brain to the gut and disrupt gut microbiota remain elusive. Here we describe a stress-responsive brain-to-gut axis which impairs colonocytes’ mitochondria to trigger gut dysbiosis. Patients with IBS exhibit significantly increased facultative anaerobes and decreased obligate anaerobes, related to increased serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) level and defected colonocytes’ mitochondria ultrastructure. Mice exposed to acute stress experienced enhanced CRH-CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) signaling, which impaired mitochondria and epithelium hypoxia in the colon, subsequently triggered gut dysbiosis. Antagonizing CRHR1 expression to inhibit cAMP/Ras/MAPK signaling or activating mitochondria respiration conferred resilience against stress-induced mitochondria damaging and epithelium hypoxia impairment, ultimately improving gut dysbiosis. These results suggest that the CRH-CRHR1-mitochondria pathway plays a pivotal role in stress-induced gut dysbiosis that could be therapeutically targeted for stress-induced gastrointestinal diseases. Yiming Zhang et.al report that psychological stress activated Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1)-mitochondria pathway to trigger gut dysbiosis and reveal CRHR1 upregulation damages mitochondria via cAMP/Ras/MAPK signaling in colonocytes.

Abstract Background Parathyroid adenoma is the primary cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, commonly presenting with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood calcium levels. Chronic primary hyperparathyroidism often results in bone destruction, resulting in the formation of brown tumors. The preferred clinical treatment for parathyroid adenoma is parathyroidectomy. Postoperative pancytopenia, although rare, is a critical complication that warrants further investigation into its mechanisms and management strategies. Case presentation We present a case of a 59-year-old female patient who was admitted due to nausea and vomiting. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a mass posterior to the left thyroid lobe and multiple areas of fibrocystic osteitis throughout the body. Hematological tests showed elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The patient subsequently underwent parathyroidectomy, and pathological examination confirmed the presence of a parathyroid adenoma. Postoperatively, the patient developed pancytopenia and received symptomatic treatment such as correction of anemia and elevation of white blood. At the two-month follow-up, all indicators had returned to normal. Conclusions Pancytopenia is commonly seen in bone marrow diseases, infections and immune-related disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and metabolic diseases. This case confirms that pancytopenia can also occur postoperatively in patients with parathyroid adenoma. Therefore, Clinicians should be aware of the potential for postoperative pancytopenia following parathyroidectomy and the need for prompt management.

Abstract As one of the most prevalent tumors, colorectal cancer (CRC) owns complex pathogenesis and the high recurrence rate significantly influence the prognosis of patients with KRAS mutant CRC, to discovery the crosstalk among KEAP1‐NFE2L2 and oncogenic KRAS as the potential prognostic biomarkers in CRC, which might be used to develop novel and effective therapeutics. By using bioinformatics analysis, we explored and identified key genes as the predicted targets in the crosstalk among KEAP1 oncogenic signatures of KRAS mutation that were linked with development, metastasis, and poor prognosis in CRC. We further investigated the correlations between the clinical characteristics and expressions of prognostic genes among the KRAS and KEAP1‐related key hub genes in CRC, which as predicted targets to find the potential herbal ingredients in HERB database, further to verify the active herbal ingredients could regulate the key targets that related to KEAP1‐NFE2L2 in KRAS mutant CRC. The newest TCGA data reveals that the mutation of KRAS is found in 44% of CRC patients. In total, 28 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the hub genes such as CDKN2A, SPP1, FOS, BCL2L11, and HPSE were verified. Results indicated that key genes (SOX9, SPP1) significant correlation with the target prediction of the active herbal ingredients by molecular docking analysis. Furthermore, KEAP1, NFE2L2, SOX9 expression were decreased significantly with the treatment of potential ingredients. Furthermore, cyclopamine could enhance the sensitivity of HCT116 cells, downregulated the expression of SPP1, and induced activation of KEAP1‐NFE2L2 pathway, which cell death are characteristic features of apoptosis, and enhanced anticancer effect. Therefore, KEAP1‐related genes might be important oncogenic signatures in KRAS mutant CRC cells and cyclopamine was identified as a potential ingredient and regulated the predict targets of SOX9 and SPP1, may be expand the efficacy and range of novel and effective therapeutics.

Background: The causal associations and potential mechanisms between prostatic diseases, the predominant male urological disorders, and the course of COVID-19 remain unclear. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate causal associations between prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatitis and different COVID-19 outcomes (SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized COVID-19, and severe COVID-19). Reverse MR, linkage disequilibrium score regression, and Bayesian colocalization analyses were subsequently performed to strengthen the identified causal relationships. Furthermore, immunome- and metabolome-wide MR analysis was conducted to prioritize COVID-19-associated immune characteristics and metabolites. Two-step MR analysis was performed to evaluate the mediating effects of the immunome and metabolome on the associations between prostatic diseases and COVID-19. Results: Genetically predicted prostatic diseases were not causally associated with severe COVID-19, while prostatitis was suggested to be an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.23; P = 0.03). Multiple sensitivity tests verified the reliability of the established causal relationships. Dozens of blood immune and metabolic features were identified to reveal the immune and metabolic profiles of different COVID-19 courses. Moreover, PDL-1 on monocyte was found to mediate the interaction between prostatitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a mediation proportion of 9.2%. Conclusion: Our study identified the causal relationships of prostatic diseases with COVID-19 and suggested pathways explaining these associations through alterations in the blood immunome and metabolome.

The calculation method for negative skin friction of a single pile has not been unified yet. To improve the design and calculation level of the single pile under vertical load considering negative skin friction, the threshold limit value of pile skin friction was determined based on the effective stress method. The effects of relative displacement of pile-soil and pile depth on pile skin friction were analyzed, and a nonlinear calculation model for pile skin friction was established. The pile skin friction was divided into elastic and plastic states. In the elastic range, the friction is a quadratic function with the depth of the pile body; while in the plastic range, the friction is distributed linearly along the pile body, and the slope is the product of the effective weight of the soil around the pile and the negative friction coefficient. Consequently, the analytical solution of the pile skin friction for the corresponding pile section was acquired. Based on the theory of pile axial force calculation, a formula for calculating the axial force of a single pile under different distribution forms of pile lateral friction was obtained. The reliability, applicability, and practicality of this model were verified by measured data. Based on the calculated pile shaft axial force, the axial force of single pile with different distributions of skin friction was analyzed. This study has practical significance for fully utilizing the performance of pile foundations and improving the level of pile foundation design.

Abstract As the first identified multidrug efflux pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), EfpA is an essential protein and promising drug target. However, the functional and inhibitory mechanisms of EfpA are poorly understood. Here we report cryo-EM structures of EfpA in outward-open conformation, either bound to three endogenous lipids or the inhibitor BRD-8000.3. Three lipids inside EfpA span from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the membrane. BRD-8000.3 occupies one lipid site at the level of inner membrane leaflet, competitively inhibiting lipid binding. EfpA resembles the related lysophospholipid transporter MFSD2A in both overall structure and lipid binding sites and may function as a lipid flippase. Combining AlphaFold-predicted EfpA structure, which is inward-open, we propose a complete conformational transition cycle for EfpA. Together, our results provide a structural and mechanistic foundation to comprehend EfpA function and develop EfpA-targeting anti-TB drugs.

The Ustadz Hannan Attaki Bai'at controversy by Kiai Marzuki was chosen as the focus of research because it attracted public attention and gave rise to various points of view. Bai'at was carried out on the sidelines of predecessor's birthday. Ahmad Noer, KH. Mustamar and KH. Murtadho Amin at the Sabilurrosyad Malang Islamic Boarding School generally contained five points. These include the oath of allegiance to the Republic of Indonesia and Nahdlatul Ulama. This research aims to analyze the news about the Bai'at controversy of Ustadz Hannan Attaki, who Kiai Marzuki guided at NU.Online. Through a media framing analysis approach, this research seeks to understand how the media builds issue representation and problem-solving in the context of this controversial Bai'at. The research method used is qualitative with content analysis. The analysis results show that media framing in coverage of the Bai'at Ustadz Hannan Attaki controversy by Kiai Marzuki tends to influence public understanding. At the problem definition stage, news articles tend to adopt a particular viewpoint that shapes the public's perception of Bai'at. In the problemsolving stage, news articles also offer recommendations and implications, which may influence the public's view of the controversy. This research contributes to understanding the role of the media in shaping public perceptions of controversial religious issues. The implications of this research can be used as a reference for a better understanding of media framing in a religious context and the importance of framing analysis in capturing issue representation and problemsolving in coverage.

Infections with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and disorders of the heart and blood vessels are causally related. To ascertain the causal relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we carried out a Mendelian randomization (MR) study through a method known as inverse variance weighting (IVW). When analyzing multiple SNPs, MR can meta-aggregate the effects of multiple loci by using IVW meta-pooling method. The weighted median (WM) is the median of the distribution function obtained by ranking all individual SNP effect values according to their weights. WM yields robust estimates when at least 50% of the information originates from valid instrumental variables (IVs). Directed gene pleiotropy in the included IVs is permitted because MR–Egger does not require a regression straight line through the origin. For MR estimation, IVW, WM and MR-Egger were employed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using funnel plots, Cochran's Q test, MR–Egger intercept test, MR–PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. SNPs related to exposure to COVID-19 and CVD were compiled. CVD for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative, and other very severe respiratory diagnosis and population were randomly assigned using MR. The COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative results and other very severe respiratory confirmed cases versus MR analysis of CVD in the population (p ​> ​0.05); COVID-19 infection to CVD (p ​= ​0.033, OR ​= ​1.001, 95%CI: 1.000–1.001); and the MR–Egger results indicated that COVID-19 infection was associated with CVD risk. This MR study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the causal link between COVID-19 infection and CVD.

Studies addressing the anatomical values of the supraspinatus outlet area (SOA) and the available supraspinatus outlet area (ASOA) are insufficient. This study focused on precisely measuring the SOA and ASOA values in a sample from the Chinese population using 3D CT (computed tomography) reconstruction. We analyzed CT imaging of 96 normal patients (59 males and 37 females) who underwent shoulder examinations in a hospital between 2011 and 2021. The SOA, ASOA, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), coracohumeral distance (CHD), coracoacromial arch radius (CAR), and humeral head radius (HHR) were estimated, and statistical correlation analyses were performed. There were significant sex differences observed in SOA (men: 957.62 ± 158.66 mm2; women: 735.87 ± 95.86 mm2) and ASOA (men: 661.35 ± 104.88 mm2; women: 511.49 ± 69.26 mm2), CHD (men: 11.22 ± 2.24 mm; women: 9.23 ± 1.35 mm), CAR (men: 37.18 ± 2.70 mm; women: 33.04 ± 3.15 mm), and HHR (men: 22.65 ± 1.44 mm; women: 20.53 ± 0.95 mm). Additionally, both SOA and ASOA showed positive and linear correlations with AHD, CHD, CAR, and HHR (R: 0.304–0.494, all p < 0.05). This study provides physiologic reference values of SOA and ASOA in the Chinese population, highlighting the sex differences and the correlations with shoulder anatomical parameters.

Abstract Background TCbHP (taxane + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab) is the preferred neoadjuvant therapy regimen for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, no consensus exists regarding whether specific populations may be exempt from carboplatin, allowing for de-escalation to the THP (taxane + trastuzumab + pertuzumab) regimen. Additionally, the optimal number of cycles for neoadjuvant THP remains unclear. We compared the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant TCbHP and THP regimens, providing clinicians with a nuanced perspective to guide their treatment regimen selection. Methods This multicenter real-world study included patients with HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant TCbHP or THP between March 2019 and February 2023. Efficacy was assessed through the pathological complete response (pCR) rate, while safety was evaluated through monitoring adverse events. Results Among 220 patients, 103 received 6 cycles of TCbHP (TCbHP×6), 83 received 6 cycles of THP (THP×6), and 34 received 4 cycles of THP (THP×4). The TCbHP×6 cohort exhibited a 66% pCR rate compared with 53% in the THP×6 cohort (P = 0.072). Subgroup analysis revealed that in patients aged ≤ 50 years, those with hormone receptor (HR)-negative status, and those with clinical stage T2, the pCR rate of the TCbHP×6 regimen was significantly higher than the THP×6 regimen (P 50, ≤60 years with HR-negative status or clinical stage T2-4. For patients in compromised general condition or lacking the specified indications, the THP×6 regimen emerges as a lower-toxicity alternative with satisfactory efficacy. To ensure treatment efficacy, a minimum of 6 cycles of neoadjuvant THP is required.

Abstract Background Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a crucial stage in the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD). The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical value of ultrasound features and radiological analysis in predicting the diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Method An SD rat model of hepatic steatosis was established through a high-fat diet and subcutaneous injection of CCl4. Liver ultrasound images and elastography were acquired, along with serum data and histopathological results of rat livers.The Pyradiomics software was used to extract radiomic features from 2D ultrasound images of rat livers. The rats were then randomly divided into a training set and a validation set, and feature selection was performed through dimensionality reduction. Various machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to build clinical diagnostic models, radiomic models, and combined diagnostic models. The efficiency of each diagnostic model for diagnosing NASH was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Clinical Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and calibration curves. Results In the machine learning radiomic model for predicting the diagnosis of NASH, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of ROC curve for the clinical radiomic model in the training set and validation set were 0.989 and 0.885, respectively. The Decision Curve Analysis revealed that the clinical radiomic model had the highest net benefit within the probability threshold range of > 65%. The calibration curve in the validation set demonstrated that the clinical combined radiomic model is the optimal method for diagnosing Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Conclusion The combined diagnostic model constructed using machine learning algorithms based on ultrasound image radiomics has a high clinical predictive performance in diagnosing Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent self-cleaning performance have attracted significant concerns from researchers. Although various superhydrophobic coatings with prominent superhydrophobic properties have been fabricated, most developed coatings are still inadequate in pipeline scale inhibition applications. In this work, nano-silica (nano-SiO2) was modified by silane coupling of vinyltriethoxysilane (VETS) and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS) to prepare a superhydrophobic coating. Organosilicon of PFTS and VETS was grafted onto the surface of SiO2 for preparing the superhydrophobic coating with low surface energy, and the superhydrophobic coating was cured via poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The results showed that the contact angle of the prepared silica-based superhydrophobic coating, denoted as VETS-PFTS@SiO2/PVDF, is 159.2°, exhibiting outstanding superhydrophobicity performance. Furthermore, the superhydrophobicity coating also showed satisfactory durability performance in 200 g load wear test after 50 cycles. Importantly, the superhydrophobic coating displayed promising mechanical durability, chemical stability performance, as well as maintained excellent superhydrophobic properties after being placed in water for 3 weeks, indicating the potential for long-term utilization. In the simulated scale inhibition test, it was found that the synthesized coating can also significantly decrease the deposition rate of CaCO3 and successfully enhance its scale inhibition performance. HIGHLIGHTS A self-cleaning VETS-PFTS@SiO2/PVDF coating with superhydrophobicity was prepared simply and environmentally.; The superhydrophobic product exhibited a good durability and adaptability in air.; Contact angle of water on the superhydrophobic surface is more than 155°.; The prepared coating has potential application in scale inhibition of pipelines.;

Abstract Background Decision fatigue is a new concept in the field of psychology and refers to a state of fatigue alongside impaired cognitive processing and emotional regulation ability. Previous studies have confirmed that nurses are prone to decision fatigue, and nurses who experience decision fatigue may implement nursing measures that are inconsistent with clinical evidence, thus affecting patients’ benefits. COVID-19, as a large-scale global public health emergency, increased the workload and burden of nurses and aggravated decision fatigue. However, the factors leading to decision fatigue among nurses have not yet been identified. Methods This study is guided by interpretative phenomenology. During the epidemic period of COVID-19: From November 2022 to February 2023, a one-to-one, semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted among nurses with decision fatigue experience who were participating in front-line work in Jilin Province using homogenous sampling. The interview recordings and related data were transcribed into text within 24 h, and data analysis was assisted by NVivo 12.0 software. Results After a total of 14 front-line nurses were analyzed in this study, The thematic level reaches saturation, the findings present a persuasive and coherent narrative, and the study is terminated, and finally extracted and formed three core themes: “Cognition, influence and attitude of decision fatigue”, “Approaching factors of decision fatigue” and “Avoidant factors of decision fatigue”. Conclusion This study confirmed that decision fatigue was widespread in the work of front-line nurses, affecting the physical and psychological health of nurses, the quality of nursing work, the degree of benefit of patients and the clinical outcome. However, nursing staff do not know enough about decision fatigue, so the popularization and research of decision fatigue should be strengthened. Improve the attention of medical institutions, nursing managers and nursing staff.Some suggestions are put forward for the intervention of decision fatigue through personnel, task, tool and technology, organization and environment.

Abstract Background We aimed to gain insight into the response mechanism of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to drought stress by recognizing and analyzing drought-responsive genes in the roots of different root types of alfalfa. The rhizomatous-rooted M. sativa cv.‘Qingshui’ (QS), tap-rooted M. sativa cv.‘Longdong’ (LD), and creeping-rooted M. varia cv. ‘Gongnong No. 4’ (GN) were used to analyze the transcriptome information and physiological characteristics of the root systems of the cultivars under simulated drought stress using PEG-6000. Results It was found that aridity caused a significant increase in the content of osmotic stress substances and antioxidant enzyme activity. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in QS was lower than that in LD and GN under moisture stress, indicating a stronger accumulation capacity of osmotic regulatory substances. Based on sequencing results, 14,475, 9336, and 9243 upregulated DEGs from QS, LD, and GN were annotated into 26, 29, and 28 transcription factor families, respectively. QS showed more DEGs than LD and GN. KEGG enrichment analysis identified that DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signaling transduction, and MAPK pathways. This suggests a strong correlation between these pathways and drought stress. The results also show that genes associated with ABA hormone signaling (MS. gene93372, MS. gene072046, and MS. gene012975) are crucial for plant’s adaptation to drought stress. Conclusions These genes, such as serine/threonine protein kinases and abscisic acid receptors, play a crucial role in plant hormone signaling and MAPK pathways. They could serve as potential candidate genes for drought resistance research in alfalfa, providing a molecular foundation for studying drought resistance. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Graphene growth on widely used dielectrics/insulators via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a strategy toward transfer-free applications of CVD graphene for the realization of advanced composite materials. Here, we develop graphene-skinned alumina fibers/fabrics (GAFs/GAFFs) through graphene CVD growth on commercial alumina fibers/fabrics (AFs/AFFs). We reveal a vapor-surface-solid growth model on a non-metallic substrate, which is distinct from the well-established vapor-solid model on conventional non-catalytic non-metallic substrates, but bears a closer resemblance to that observed on catalytic metallic substrates. The metalloid-catalytic growth of graphene on AFs/AFFs resulted in reduced growth temperature (~200 °C lower) and accelerated growth rate (~3.4 times faster) compared to that obtained on a representative non-metallic counterpart, quartz fiber. The fabricated GAFF features a wide-range tunable electrical conductivity (1-15000 Ω sq−1), high tensile strength (>1.5 GPa), lightweight, flexibility, and a hierarchical macrostructure. These attributes are inherited from both graphene and AFF, making GAFF promising for various applications including electrical heating and electromagnetic interference shielding. Beyond laboratory level preparation, the stable mass production of large-scale GAFF has been achieved through a home-made roll-to-roll system with capacity of 468-93600 m2/year depending on product specifications, providing foundations for the subsequent industrialization of this material, enabling its widespread adoption in various industries.

Abstract Superparaelectrics are considered promising candidate materials for achieving superior energy storage capabilities. However, due to the complicated local structural design, simultaneously achieving high recoverable energy density (W rec) and energy storage efficiency (η) under high electric fields remains a challenge in bulk superparaelectrics. Here, we propose utilizing entropy engineering to disrupt long-range ferroic orders into local polymorphic distortion disorder with multiple BO6 tilt types and diverse heterogeneous polarization configurations. This strategy reduces the switching barriers, thereby facilitating the emergence of superparaelectric behaviors with ideal polarization forms. Furthermore, it enables high polarization response, negligible remnant polarization, delayed polarization saturation, and enhanced breakdown electric fields (E b) in high-entropy superparaelectrics. Consequently, an extraordinary W rec of 15.48 J cm–3 and an ultrahigh η of 90.02% are achieved at a high E b of 710 kV cm–1, surpassing the comprehensive energy storage performance of previously reported bulk superparaelectrics. This work demonstrates that entropy engineering is a viable strategy for designing high-performance superparaelectrics.

Collagen XVII (COL17) is a transmembrane protein that mediates skin homeostasis. Due to expression of full length collagen was hard to achieve in microorganisms, arising the needs for selection of collagen fragments with desired functions for microbial biosynthesis. Here, COL17 fragments (27–33 amino acids) were extracted and replicated 16 times for recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Five variants were soluble expressed, with the highest yield of 223 mg/L. The fusion tag was removed for biochemical and biophysical characterization. Circular dichroism results suggested one variant (sample-1707) with a triple-helix structure at >37 °C. Sample-1707 can assemble into nanofiber (width, 5.6 nm) and form hydrogel at 3 mg/mL. Sample-1707 was shown to induce blood clotting and promote osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, sample-1707 exhibited high capacity to induce mouse hair follicle stem cells differentiation and osteoblast migration, demonstrating a high capacity to induce skin cell regeneration and promote wound healing. A strong hydrogel was prepared from a chitosan and sample-1707 complex with a swelling rate of >30 % higher than simply using chitosan. Fed-batch fermentation of sample-1707 with a 5-L bioreactor obtained a yield of 600 mg/L. These results support the large-scale production of sample-1707 as a biomaterial for use in the skin care industry.

Four new N-acylated aminoalkanoic acids, namely clonoroseins E−H (1−4), together with three previously identified analogs, clonoroseins A, B, and D (5−7), were identified from the endophytic fungus Clonostachys rosea strain 15020 (CR15020), using Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN). The elucidation of their chemical structures, including their absolute configurations, was achieved through spectroscopic analysis combined with quantum chemical calculations. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that an iterative type I HR-PKS (CrsE) generates the polyketide side chain of these clonoroseins. Furthermore, a downstream adenylate-forming enzyme of the PKS (CrsD) was suspected to function as an amide synthetase. CrsD potentially facilitates the transformation of the polyketide moiety into an acyl-AMP intermediate, followed by nucleophilic substitution with either β-alanine or γ-aminobutyric acid to produce amide derivatives. These findings significantly expand our understanding of PKS-related products originating from C. rosea and also underscore the powerful application of FBMN analytical methods in characterization of new compounds.

In this work, dielectric ultracapacitors were designed and fabricated using a combination of phase boundary and nanograin strategies. These ultracapacitors are based on submicron-thick Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 ferroelectric films sputter-deposited on Si at 500 °C. With a composition near a polymorphic phase boundary (PPB), a compressive strain, and a high nucleation rate due to the lowered deposition temperature, these films exhibit a columnar nanograined microstructure with gradient phases along the growth direction. Such a microstructure presents three-dimensional polarization inhomogeneities on the nanoscale, thereby significantly delaying the saturation of the overall electric polarization. Consequently, a pseudolinear, ultraslim polarization (P)–electric field (E) hysteresis loop was obtained, featuring a high maximum applicable electric field (~5.7 MV/cm), low remnant polarization (~5.2 μC/cm2) and high maximum polarization (~92.1 μC/cm2). This P–E loop corresponds to a high recyclable energy density (Wrec ~208 J/cm3) and charge‒discharge efficiency (~88%). An in-depth electron microscopy study revealed that the gradient ferroelectric phases consisted of tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) polymorphs along the growth direction of the film. The T-rich phase is abundant near the bottom of the film and gradually transforms into the R-rich phase near the surface. These films also exhibited a high Curie temperature of ~460 °C and stable capacitive energy storage up to 200 °C. These results suggest a feasible pathway for the design and fabrication of high-performance dielectric film capacitors.

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a significant global public health concern with a high readmission rate, posing a serious threat to the health of the elderly population. While several studies have used machine learning (ML) to develop all-cause readmission risk prediction models for elderly patients with HF, few have integrated ML-selected features with those chosen by human experts to assess HF patients readmission. A retrospective analysis of 8396 elderly HF patients hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 was conducted. Variables selected by XGBoost, LASSO regression, and random forest constituted the machine group, while the human expert group comprised variables chosen by two experienced cardiovascular professors. The variables selected by both groups were combined to form a human–machine collaboration group. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to elucidate the importance of each predictive feature, explain the impact of individual features on the model, and provide visual representation. A total of 73 features were included for model development. The human–machine collaboration model, utilizing CatBoost, achieved an AUC of 0.83617, an F1-score of 0.73521, and a Brier score of 0.16536 on the validation set. This model demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to those created solely by human experts or machine. The SHAP plot was then used to visually display the feature analysis of the human–machine collaboration model, revealing HGB, NT-proBNP, smoking history, NYHA classification, and LVEF as the 5 most important features. This study indicate that the human–machine collaboration model outperforms those relying solely on human expert selection or machine algorithm at predicting all-cause readmission in elderly HF patients. The application of the SHAP method enhanced the interpretability of the model outcomes, aiding clinicians in accurately pinpointing risk factors associated with HF readmission. This advancement enables the formulation of tailored treatment strategies, offering a more personalized approach to patient care.

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) compromises the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and induces neuroinflammation, potentially exacerbating neuronal damage. This underscores the importance of maintaining BSCB integrity and mitigating neuroinflammation in SCI treatment. Our study explores an innovative approach to treating SCI by utilizing platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-Exos) to stabilize BSCB function and alleviate neuroinflammation. We successfully isolated exosomes from platelet-rich plasma and conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments to assess the therapeutic effects of PRP-Exos and explore their potential mechanisms in stabilizing the BSCB, reducing neuroinflammation, and promoting neural functional recovery.In vitro results demonstrate that PRP-Exos significantly reduce the permeability of bEnd.3 cells under hypoxic-hypoglycemic conditions, thereby restoring the integrity of tight junctions. Additionally, our study elucidates the critical role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the amelioration of neuroinflammation by PRP-Exos. In the SCI model, local injection of hydrogel-encapsulated PRP-Exos reduced Evans blue dye leakage, enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins, alleviated the inflammatory environment in the damaged area, and improved neural functional recovery. In conclusion, PRP-Exos presents a promising and effective treatment option for SCI.

In order to explore the weldability and widen the applicability of high entropy alloys (HEAs), dissimilar friction stir lap welding of pure copper and Al0.1CoCrFeNi alloy was investigated in this research. The results indicate that a sound dissimilar weld without tunnels and voids is produced, where a ∼20 μm thick interfacial layer is evident at the Cu-HEA interface. The lap joint is fractured at the upper Cu sheet rather than the lap surface during tensile shear test, suggesting an effective bonding of the dissimilar materials. The lap weld roughly consists of three layers along the plate thickness direction, i.e. welds of Cu, HEA and Cu-HEA interface, respectively. The interface of weld, which has experienced the most severe Cu-HEA interaction during welding, is characterized by uniformly distributed and highly recrystallized ultra-fine grains (∼0.79 μm). Meanwhile, intermetallic compounds particles (Al13Cr2 and Al13Co4) ranging in size of 150∼400 nm are generated at the fine grain boundaries. Fast diffusion of Al, Cr and Co elements and easy segregation of these elements during welding result in the formation of the particles. The sufficient DDRX and the pinning effect of particles are responsible for the formation of ultra-fine grains in the weld interface. The present study lays a theoretical foundation for the joining of conventional Cu and the multi-component HEA, which contributes to the improvement of HEA availability in the field of manufacturing industry.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the potential mechanisms of shikonin in preventing and treating periodontitis using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Materials and methods The targets of shikonin were obtained in TCMSP and SEA databases, and targets of periodontitis were gathered from the OMIM, GeneCards and Drugbank Databases. The intersecting targets were entered into the DAVID database to obtain the relevant biological functions and pathways by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The obtained targets were analysed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) in STRING platform. In Cytoscape 3.8.0, the network analysis function with the MCODE plug-in were used to obtain the key targets, of shikonin and periodontitis. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) were used to assess the affinity between the shikonin and the key targets. Results Shikonin was screened for 22 targets and periodontitis was screened for 944 targets, the intersecting targets were considered as potential therapeutic targets. The targets played important roles in cellular response to hypoxia, response to xenobiotic stimulus and positive regulates of apoptotic process by GO enrichment analysis. 10 significant pathways were analyzed by KEGG, such as human cytomegalovirus infection and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. Cytoscape software screened the key genes including AKT1, CCL5, CXCR4, PPARG, PTEN, PTGS2 and TP53. Molecular docking and MD results showed that shikonin could bind stably to the targets. Conclusions The present study enriched the molecular mechanisms in periodontitis with shikonin, providing potential therapeutic targets for periodontitis.

Abstract. Gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs) refer to any elevated lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall, and the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.9% and 12.1%. GPLs include benign polyps and malignant polyps. Benign polyps are further classified as non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign polyps and adenocarcinoma is the main type of malignant polyp. Hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, dyslipidemia, and obesity are the main risk factors for GPLs. Studies of biological mechanisms have focused on malignant gallbladder polyps, the development of which is regulated by hormone levels in vivo, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium, and related molecules. Diagnostic modalities include chemical examination and imaging examination, with imaging examination currently being the mainstay. Treatment of patients with GPLs is based on the presence or absence of symptoms, age, size of the polyps, tendency of the polyp to increase, and risk factors for symptomatic malignancy to determine whether surgery should be performed.

Abstract Due to the large computational overhead, underutilization of features, and high bandwidth consumption in traditional SDN environments for DDoS attack detection and mitigation methods, this paper proposes a two-stage detection and mitigation method for DDoS attacks in SDN based on multi-dimensional characteristics. Firstly, an analysis of the traffic statistics from the SDN switch ports is performed, which aids in conducting a coarse-grained detection of DDoS attacks within the network. Subsequently, a Multi-Dimensional Deep Convolutional Classifier (MDDCC) is constructed using wavelet decomposition and convolutional neural networks to extract multi-dimensional characteristics from the traffic data passing through suspicious switches. Based on these extracted multi-dimensional characteristics, a simple classifier can be employed to accurately detect attack samples. Finally, by integrating graph theory with restrictive strategies, the source of attacks in SDN networks can be effectively traced and isolated. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method, which utilizes a minimal amount of statistical information, can quickly and accurately detect attacks within the SDN network. It demonstrates superior accuracy and generalization capabilities compared to traditional detection methods, especially when tested on both simulated and public datasets. Furthermore, by isolating the affected nodes, the method effectively mitigates the impact of the attacks, ensuring the normal transmission of legitimate traffic during network attacks. This approach not only enhances the detection capabilities but also provides a robust mechanism for containing the spread of cyber threats, thereby safeguarding the integrity and performance of the network.

Abstract Study design A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of different posterior decompression techniques for LSS. Summary of background data Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is one of the most common degenerative spinal diseases that result in claudication, back and leg pain, and disability. Currently, posterior decompression techniques are widely used as an effective treatment for LSS. Methods An electronic literature search was performed using the EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. Two authors independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. A Bayesian random effects model was constructed to incorporate the estimates of direct and indirect treatment comparisons and rank the interventions in order. Results In all, 14 eligible studies comprising 1,260 patients with LSS were included. Five interventions were identified, namely, spinal processes osteotomy (SPO), conventional laminotomy/laminectomy (CL), unilateral laminotomy/laminectomy (UL), bilateral laminotomy/ laminectomy (BL), and spinous process-splitting laminotomy/laminectomy (SPSL). Among these, SPO was the most promising surgical option for decreasing back and leg pain and for lowering the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). SSPL had the shortest operation time, while SPSL was associated with maximum blood loss. SPO and UL were superior to other posterior decompression techniques concerning lesser blood loss and shorter length of hospital stay, respectively. Patients who underwent BL had the lowest postoperative complication rates. Conclusion Overall, SPO was found to be a good surgical choice for patients with LSS.

Abstract Excessive exercise is an etiological factor of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit excellent therapeutic potential for disease-modifying treatments. Herein, we fabricate an exercise self-powered triboelectric-responsive microneedle (MN) assay with the sustainable release of optogenetically engineered EVs for IVDD repair. Mechanically, exercise promotes cytosolic DNA sensing-mediated inflammatory activation in senescent nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (the master cell population for IVD homeostasis maintenance), which accelerates IVDD. TREX1 serves as a crucial nuclease, and disassembly of TRAM1-TREX1 complex disrupts the subcellular localization of TREX1, triggering TREX1-dependent genomic DNA damage during NP cell senescence. Optogenetically engineered EVs deliver TRAM1 protein into senescent NP cells, which effectively reconstructs the elimination function of TREX1. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) harvests mechanical energy and triggers the controllable release of engineered EVs. Notably, an optogenetically engineered EV-based targeting treatment strategy is used for the treatment of IVDD, showing promising clinical potential for the treatment of degeneration-associated disorders.

Abstract Low response rate, treatment relapse, and resistance remain key challenges for cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here we report that loss of specific tumor suppressors (TS) induces an inflammatory response and promotes an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Importantly, low expression of these TSs is associated with a higher expression of immune checkpoint inhibitory mediators. Here we identify, by using in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 based loss-of-function screening, that NF1, TSC1, and TGF-β RII as TSs regulating immune composition. Loss of each of these three TSs leads to alterations in chromatin accessibility and enhances IL6-JAK3-STAT3/6 inflammatory pathways. This results in an immune suppressive landscape, characterized by increased numbers of LAG3+ CD8 and CD4 T cells. ICB targeting LAG3 and PD-L1 simultaneously inhibits metastatic progression in preclinical triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models of NF1-, TSC1- or TGF-β RII- deficient tumors. Our study thus reveals a role of TSs in regulating metastasis via non-cell-autonomous modulation of the immune compartment and provides proof-of-principle for ICB targeting LAG3 for patients with NF1-, TSC1- or TGF-β RII-inactivated cancers.

Abstract Objective To investigate the physical fitness level and health behavior status of preschool children in China, explore the relationship between physical fitness and health behavior, and further reveal the main factors affecting health behavior, to provide a reference for improving the physical fitness level of preschool children and maintaining healthy behavior. Methods A total of 755 preschool children (394 boys and 361 girls, aged 4.52 ± 1.11 years) were selected from Chongqing and Liupanshui in China by cluster random sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical monitoring, and SPSS21.0 software was used to process and analyze the data. Results (1) Heart rate (p = 0.015), protein content (p

This study presents a cancer diagnostics method through the development of a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based electrochemical sensor for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood. Utilizing the unique properties of g-C3N4 nanosheets combined with gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA aptamers, the sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in CTC detection. The aptamers specifically target cell surface biomarkers, enabling the precise capture and quantification of CTCs. The sensor's detection limit is an impressive 5 cells/mL, with a broad detection range from 10 to 105 cells/mL. This high-performance sensing platform not only achieves rapid and accurate quantification of CTCs but also demonstrates robustness against interference from other cell types, making it highly suitable for clinical applications. The optimized conditions for aptamer-functionalized nanoparticle concentration and incubation time ensure the sensor's efficacy, as validated in spiked blood samples. This work provides a practical and efficient approach for non-invasive cancer diagnostics, offering significant improvements over existing methods in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity for early detection and monitoring of cancer progression.

The establishment of the National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control has initiated the reform of China′s disease prevention and control system. Clarifying and optimizing the responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions is the core of implementing the reform of the disease prevention and control system and serves as a compass for institutional capacity building and work implementation. Through literature review and policy document analysis, this article discusses the historical development, current challenges, and development directions of the responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions.

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvester as an efficient tool for capturing and converting the flourishing ambient RF energy provides a promising solution for long-term powering the wireless sensor networks and the Internet of things (IoTs). However, the actual distribution of the environmental RF signals is dynamically frequency-dependent due to the diverse wireless terminals only interacting with specified frequencies. To take full advantage of the RF energy carrying this characteristic, an intelligent RF energy harvester is in demand to automatically sense the frequency information of an incident signal and conduct the corresponding RF-to-direct current transformation process. Here, to the best of my knowledge, a frequency-self-adaptive RF harvester is first presented with the help of the shape-reconfigurable liquid metal, which can precisely identify and efficiently convert an arbitrary signal from the frequency span of 1.8 to 2.6 GHz. Companied with a microcontroller unit and a tensile system, the dynamic functionality of the entire system is comprehensively demonstrated, showing promising potential to significantly advance various fields, including sustainable IoT applications, green wearable technologies, and self-powered devices.

Background: Intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or isometric contraction of quadriceps (ICQ) has shown positive effects in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the synergistic effect of combining PRP and ICQ intervention (joint intervention) on cartilage repair has not been validated. Thus, this study aimed to explore the reparative effects of joint intervention on cartilage in a KOA rat model. Methods: Fifty-four 2-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (CG, n = 6) and model group (injected with sodium iodoacetate, n = 48). After 1 week, six rats from the model group were randomly selected for validation. The remaining 42 rats were further divided into seven groups: PRP group (PRPG), ICQ group (ICQG), joint intervention group (JIG), normal saline group (NSG), acupuncture group (AG), normal saline and acupuncture group (NSAG) and model blank group (MBG). The intervention lasted for 4 weeks, with PRPG and JIG receiving PRP injections (twice) and ICQG and JIG undergoing ICQ (five times per week, 15 min each session). Results: Histological staining with haematoxylin and eosin as well as transmission electron microscopy revealed severe cartilage damage in MBG, AG, NSAG and NSG, followed by PRPG and ICQG. JIG exhibited a more intact cartilage structure. Compared with JIG, the Mankin scores increased remarkably in PRPG, ICQG, AG, NSAG and NSG (P

In the western mining area, coal mining is characterized by shallow burial depth, thin bedrock, multi coal seam mining, and a fragile surface environment. To address the limitations of traditional observation methods for mining-induced subsidence, such as small coverage, high operation intensity, and low automation, unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） photogrammetry technology has been introduced to observe and analyze the surface subsidence patterns of a coal mine working face. The results show that: the UAV photogrammetry method achieves a centimeter-level observation accuracy, with a median error of 4.4 cm, which meets the overall observation requirements for surface subsidence. A surface subsidence model of the entire mining area within a 2.53 km² survey area was obtained using the UAV photogrammetry method. This model accurately reflects the subsidence area and amplitude of the surface in the mining area. Due to the influence of multiple coal seams mining, the surface subsidence model exhibits an uneven basin shape. The subsidence curves along the strike and dip of the working face show asymmetry, with a maximum subsidence value of 3.18 m.

Abstract Pepper agronomic traits serve as pivotal indicators for characterizing germplasm attributes and correlations. It is important to study differential genotypic variation through phenotypic differences of target traits. Whole genome resequencing was used to sequence the whole genome among different individuals of species with known reference genomes and annotations, and based on this, differential analyses of individuals or populations were carried out to identify SNPs for agronomic traits related to pepper. This study conducted a genome-wide association study encompassing 26 key agronomic traits in 182 upward-growing fruits of C. frutescens and C. annuum. The population structure (phylogenetics, population structure, population principal component analysis, genetic relationship) and linkage disequilibrium analysis were realized to ensure the accuracy and reliability of GWAS results, and the optimal statistical model was determined. A total of 929 SNPs significantly associated with 26 agronomic traits, were identified, alongside the detection of 519 candidate genes within 100 kb region adjacent to these SNPs. Additionally, through gene annotation and expression pattern scrutiny, genes such as GAUT1, COP10, and DDB1 correlated with fruit traits in Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum annuum were validated via qRT-PCR. In the CH20 (Capsicum annuum) and YB-4 (Capsicum frutescens) cultivars, GAUT1 and COP10 were cloned with cDNA lengths of 1065 bp and 561 bp, respectively, exhibiting only a small number of single nucleotide variations and nucleotide deletions. This validation provides a robust reference for molecular marker-assisted breeding of pepper agronomic traits, offering both genetic resources and theoretical foundations for future endeavors in molecular marker-assisted breeding for pepper.

Abstract Artificial intelligence transforms drug discovery, with phenotype-based approaches emerging as a promising alternative to target-based methods, overcoming limitations like lack of well-defined targets. While chemical-induced transcriptional profiles offer a comprehensive view of drug mechanisms, inherent noise often obscures the true signal, hindering their potential for meaningful insights. Here, we highlight the development of TranSiGen, a deep generative model employing self-supervised representation learning. TranSiGen analyzes basal cell gene expression and molecular structures to reconstruct chemical-induced transcriptional profiles with high accuracy. By capturing both cellular and compound information, TranSiGen-derived representations demonstrate efficacy in diverse downstream tasks like ligand-based virtual screening, drug response prediction, and phenotype-based drug repurposing. Notably, in vitro validation of TranSiGen’s application in pancreatic cancer drug discovery highlights its potential for identifying effective compounds. We envisage that integrating TranSiGen into the drug discovery and mechanism research holds significant promise for advancing biomedicine.

Abstract The striated frogfish (Antennarius striatus), a member of the sub-order Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, possesses remarkable adaptations. These include the ability to modulate body coloration for camouflage, utilize bioluminescent esca for predation, and employ elbow-like pectoral fins for terrestrial locomotion, making it a valuable model for studying bioluminescence, adaptive camouflage, fin-to-limb transition, and walking-like behaviors. To better study and contribute to the conservation of the striated frogfish, we obtained the micro-CT image of the pectoral fin bones and generated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly using multiple sequencing technologies. The assembly spans 548.56 Mb with a contig N50 of 21.05 Mb, and 99.35% of the genome is anchored on 24 chromosomes, making it the most complete genome available within Lophiiformes. The genome annotation revealed 28.43% repetitive sequences and 23,945 protein-coding genes. This chromosome-level genome provides valuable genetic resources for frogfish conservation and offers insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying its unique phenotypic evolution. Furthermore, it establishes a foundation for future research on limb development and adaptive camouflage in this species.

Abstract To investigate the factors that influence readmissions in patients with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by using multiple machine learning (ML) methods to establish a predictive model. In this study, 1576 NSTEMI patients who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups: the readmitted group and the non-readmitted group. The division was based on whether the patients experienced complications or another incident of myocardial infarction within one year after undergoing PCI. Common variables selected by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, LASSO regression, and random forest were used as independent influencing factors for NSTEMI patients’ readmissions after PCI. Six different ML models were constructed using these common variables. The area under the ROC curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of the six ML models. Finally, the optimal model was selected, and a nomogram was created to visually represent its clinical effectiveness. Three different methods were used to select seven representative common variables. These variables were then utilized to construct six different ML models, which were subsequently compared. The findings indicated that the LR model exhibited the most optimal performance in terms of AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The outcome, admission mode (walking and non-walking), communication ability, CRP, TC, HDL, and LDL were identified as independent predicators of readmissions in NSTEMI patients after PCI. The prediction model constructed by the LR algorithm was the best. The established column graph model established proved to be effective in identifying high-risk groups with high accuracy and differentiation. It holds a specific predictive value for the occurrence of readmissions after direct PCI in NSTEMI patients.

Abstract Generally, the recognition performance of lightweight models is often lower than that of large models. Knowledge distillation, by teaching a student model using a teacher model, can further enhance the recognition accuracy of lightweight models. In this paper, we approach knowledge distillation from the perspective of intermediate feature-level knowledge distillation. We combine a cross-stage feature fusion symmetric framework, an attention mechanism to enhance the fused features, and a contrastive loss function for teacher and student models at the same stage to comprehensively implement a multistage feature fusion knowledge distillation method. This approach addresses the problem of significant differences in the intermediate feature distributions between teacher and student models, making it difficult to effectively learn implicit knowledge and thus improving the recognition accuracy of the student model. Compared to existing knowledge distillation methods, our method performs at a superior level. On the CIFAR100 dataset, it boosts the recognition accuracy of ResNet20 from 69.06% to 71.34%, and on the TinyImagenet dataset, it increases the recognition accuracy of ResNet18 from 66.54% to 68.03%, demonstrating the effectiveness and generalizability of our approach. Furthermore, there is room for further optimization of the overall distillation structure and feature extraction methods in this approach, which requires further research and exploration.