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Background: Pulp capping is one of the treatments for reversible pulpitis and aims to maintain pulp vitality. This treatment requires a material that can protect the pulp with good biocompatibility. The physical and mechanical properties, bio interactivity and bioactivity of pulp capping materials are very important for the formation of reparative dentin. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) as the gold standard material in pulp capping treatment also has some disadvantages. Another alternative for pulp capping material is blood clam shell because it contains 98% calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ), which is a compound with a bone-like structure and can induce pulp cell differentiation. Objective: To investigate and explain the difference in compressive strength between CaCO3 from blood clam shells and Ca(OH)2 as a candidate pulp capping material. Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study with post test only control group design method. Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 samples were formed with a mixture of powder and aquadest with 4x6 mm sample size. The samples were dried at room temperature and the compressive strength was measured using a universal testing machine (UTM). Result: There is a significant difference in compressive strength between Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 blood clam shells in the Mann-Whitney test results (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the compressive strength test between the mixture of Ca(OH)2 with aquadest in a ratio of 1:1 are greater than the mixture of CaCO3 blood clam shells with aquadest in a ratio of 3:1 so that pure CaCO3 blood clam shells with distilled water without other additives cannot be used as a candidate for capping pulp material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulp capping treatment is an endodontic treatment that aims to maintain the vitality of the pulp. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (&#946-TCP) has a chemical composition close to the structure of bones and teeth that can stimulate odontoblast to form dentin bridge.&#946-TCP can be obtained from anadara granosa hydrothermal process. This research intends to determine the effect of ß-TCP encapsulation of anadara granosa clamshell against IL-10 and TGF ß expression in dentin reparative formation. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control group (-), no-treatment group, CaOH group, and treatment with β-TCP. Application of pulp capping material on the M1 upper right tooth of Wistar rats that had been prepared for class I cavities. After seven days and 14 applications, the rats were euthanized, the prepared teeth were taken, and then IL-10 and TGFß were examined. The data were then analyzed statistically (p<0.05). The analyzed data showed significant differences in each group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Odontogenic pain has a high prevalence. One of the alternative materials used as medicine in dentistry is propolis. Propolis is a mixture of natural resins containing flavonoid and phenolic acids that play a role in suppressing the pain response through COX and NF-kB inhibition mechanisms. The content of active propolis compounds is influenced by the type of bee, region, geographical conditions, climate change, seasons, and botanical sources causing different effectiveness of propolis. This is supported by several studies that show a variety of effective doses that produce an optimal analgesic effect, thus a research plan was developed to discover the effective dose of propolis extract on suppressing pain response in mice using the writhing test method. Purpose: To determine the effective dose of propolis extract towards pain response in mice. Methods: This study was conducted using the writhing test method to see the analgesic effect of propolis extract. The research sample consisted of 30 mice which were divided into five treatment groups, namely the piroxicam control group, and the propolis extract group at doses of 35 mg/kgBW, 70 mg/kgBW, 105 mg/kgBW, 140 mg/kgBW. Results: The results showed that the propolis extract dose of 70 mg/kgBW had no significant difference with the piroxicam control group, while between the doses of 35 mg/kgBW, 105 mg/kgBW, 140 mg/kgBW there was a significant difference towards the piroxicam control group. Conclusion: Propolis extract 70 mg/kgBW is the effective dose in suppressing pain response in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alveolar bone defects can occur as a result of tooth extraction and also endodontic surgical procedures such as hemisection. Regenerative dentistry by using bone graft is promising in clinical settings. To explore the increase of collagen density, type I collagen (Col1A), bone sialoptrotein (BSP) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in alveolar bone socket post tooth extraction of Rattus Norvegicus strain Wistar after inducing with hydroxyapatite bovine tooth graft (HAp-BTG). Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, treatment and control and 2 subgroups, day 14th and 28th. Extraction to the lower left incisor of Wistar rat was performed. The post extraction socket was filled with PEG as the control group and PEG+HAp-BTG as the treatment group. On 14th and 28th day, mandible the Wistar rats was taken. By using Masson's Trichrome staining to examine immunology through histopathological examination, the collagen density was observed using a microscope with 400x of magnification. The Col1A, BSP and MMP-8 were examined by immunohistochemistry, and observed by a light microscope 1000x magnification. There is not significant different in collagen density between the treatment and control groups, whereas Col1A, BSP and MMP-8 were significantly different between treatment and control groups. It showed that HAp-BTG can induce the increasing of Col1A that has a pivotal role in strengthening the connective tissue in dental socket, rather than collagen in general. HAp-BTG has a potential to speed-up the recovery of dental socket post extraction and increase the strength of connective tissue by inducing Col1A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior teeth that experience rotation and crossbite also lose avulsed teeth due to trauma but can be treated with endo restoration treatment. Loss of anterior teeth due to trauma can impact the appearance and decrease self-confidence due to aesthetic factors and phonetic disorders. Purpose: to provide information about the management of anterior teeth that undergo rotation and crossbite accompanied by avulsion due to traumatic injury by correcting the position of the teeth through a multidisciplinary approach. Case: A 21-year-old woman with 12 teeth had distobuccal rotation and 22 crossbite, while her front teeth 11 and 21 were avulsed due to trauma from falling from a motorcycle. Patients feel embarrassed and lack confidence when laughing and experience phonetic disturbances when speaking. According to the stomatognathic system, the patient comes to the clinic to treat his front teeth to restore their shape, esthetics, and function. Case management: Endo restoration treatment was carried out on 12 rotated teeth and 22 crossbites through root canal treatment, insertion of posts, and cores which will be used as abutments in the manufacture of fixed-fixed bridges avulsed teeth to rehabilitate function, anatomical and aesthetic forms. Conclusion: Teeth that experienced rotation, crossbite, and avulsion due to trauma can be treated with multidisciplinary treatment through endo restoration and fixed-fixed bridge to rehabilitate stomatognathic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient with dental anxiety often requires special dental treatment. Anxiety for dental treatment still becomes significant issue for some people. They often lead to avoidance of dental care which may result in significant deterioration of oral and dental health. Music intervention can be a nonpharmacological management to overcome this issue. The need and demand for aesthetic dental restorations are increasing and should be responded by the dentist accordingly. Success in restoring teeth with optimal results will greatly affects self-confidence and improve their quality of life. Damaged anterior teeth due to complex caries has an effect on appearance and may impact confidence due to poor aesthetic. Restoration of anterior teeth from various damages in terms of form and function is highly valuable. Aim To report an aesthetic and rehabilitative management of complex caries on anterior teeth by endo-restoration with stomatognathic approach in patient with dental anxiety. Case: A 46-year-old female with complex caries in maxillary anterior teeth: 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 23, 24 and mandibular anterior teeth: 44, 43, 42, 41, 31, 32, 33, 34, as well as missing 21 and 22 post-extraction came to the clinic with a complaint of unsightly appearance which affect her self-confidence. Patient desired to restore her upper and lower anterior teeth for functional and aesthetic purposes. Case management: Teeth with mild and moderate caries were managed with composite restoration, while severe caries was managed with root canal treatment, followed by the insertion of post and core, and mounted with porcelain fused to metal crown. To restore missing anterior teeth, bridge was fabricated. Damaged teeth by complex caries can be managed by restorative or endo-restorative treatment to restore their appearance, function, and aesthetic form in accordance with the stomatognathic system. Patient with dental anxiety can be safely treated with proper understanding. The result of this method was satisfying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anadara-granosa synthesization through hydrothermal-method produces beta-tricalcium(beta-TCP), a biomaterial that is able to provide a pathway for calcium-ions in dentin reparative formation thus qualifies TCP as pulp-capping material. Nanoencapsulation is needed as calcium-ions have shown its rapid solubility which is the main cause of high probability risk of tunnel defect. The present study aimed to understand the correlation between stirring time, particle size and level of calcium of beta-TCP nanoencapsulation synthesized from Anadara-granosa-shells. Methods: Anadara-granosa-shells powder was hydrothermically-processed for 18hours and sintered for 3hours. After homogenous beta-TCP powder mixed with aquadest in magnetic stirrer acquired, Na-alginate was added during the stirring process following CaCl2 drop by drop into the mixture. Sample divided into 6-test groups according to the stirring time; P1-one hours;P2-two hours;P3-three hours;P4-four hours;P5-five hours;P6-six hours. All samples centrifuged at 2500rpm for 6minutes and freeze-dried for 12hours.PSA-test and Calcium level-test were performed on the sample test groups, followed by ANOVA-test and post hoc with significance level of P-value=0,05. Results: Data showed average of particle-sizes P1=±336.44; P2=±325.7; P3=±340.94; P4=±452.6; P5=±556.6; P6=± 593.93.ANOVA-test result indicated a significant difference and backed up by Gomes howell test result. Significant differences were found between group first-second-third and group four-five-six also between group five and group six. Calcium level test result was P1=±10.41; P2=±9.53; P3=±9.87; P4=±5.52; P5=±5.33; P6=±5.25.ANOVA-test showed a significant difference and supported by post-hoc LSD-test. Significant differences noted between group one and other groups also between group-two-three and group-four-five-six. Conclusion: In the process of Nanoencapsulation of Anadara-granosa-shells, particle size gradually increased and calcium level gradually decreased along with the longer stirring time was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracanal retention determines the successful restoration after endodontic retreatment. Before inserting an intracanal retention, factors such as remaining amount of coronal tissue, root canal size and configuration, tooth position, functional requirements, and occlusion need to be analyzed. Fiber post is biocompatible, has good physical properties, and has the capacity of adhesive bonding to tooth tissue and core build up. This study aimed to determine the success of endodontic retreatment using prefabricated fiber post as an intracanal retention. A 31-year-old female patient came with a chief complaint of intense pain on right mandibular second premolar no. 45. In the first visit, radiograph of tooth no. 45 was taken, followed by caries removal and removal of screw post using ultrasonic tips with counterclockwise movement. In the second visit, endodontic retreatment was performed. Reduction of gutta-percha and cementing its prefabricated fiber post were carried out followed by composite core build-up until making temporary crowns using acrylic base resin. At the third visit, cementation for final restoration with a monolithic zirconia crown was performed. Endodontic retreatment is an alternative procedure for endodontics that fails even for teeth with post-intracanal therapy. Prefabricated fiber post as intracanal retention followed by a monolithic zirconia crown can be the best option so that the teeth can last as long as possible in the mouth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A persistent infection after cleaning and shaping root canal is the main etiology of root canal treatment failure. Enterococcus faecalis has been considered as one of the most resistant species in root canal treatment. E. faecalis can stimulate receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) which can increase nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFATc1) in chronic apical periodontitis. East Java propolis has antibacterial effects and is biocompatible with in vitro effects.Aim: This study is aimed to analyze the East Java propolis extract as potential intracanal medicament in chronic apical periodontitis caused by E. faecalis bacterial infection.Materials and Methods: This study used 30 Wistar rats divided into three groups. In Group I, the first upper right molar tooth as healthy tooth was used for negative control group. In Group II, the first upper right molar tooth was used for a prepared root canal, and 10 ml brain heart infusion broth containing E. faecalis ATCC29212 106 CFU was injected into the canal and restored with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) for the experimentally induced chronic apical periodontitis group. In Group III, after root canal preparation, E. faecalis ATCC 29212 106 CFU was injected, and then, 10 μl propolis applied and tooth restored with GIC. It took 21 days for the periapical lesions to develop after pulp infection. The rats were then sacrificed to conduct immunohistochemical examinations in order to measure the expressions of RANKL and NFATc1.Results: The average of RANKL and NFATc1 expression in Group III was significantly lower than those in the experimentally induced chronic apical periodontitis group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that East Java propolis extract is a potential intracanal medicament through the study of experimentally induced chronic apical periodontitis caused by E. faecalis infection in Wistar rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this animal study was to promote East Java propolis as a potential natural intracanal medicament for periapical chronic apical periodontitis bone resorption through evaluating the expression of osteoprotegrin (OPG) and osteoclast level. Methods and Materials: Propolis extract was produced using a maceration procedure. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups. In group I, the control group, the first upper right molar constituted a healthy tooth. In group II, containing rodents with experimentally chronic apical periodontitis, infection with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 106 CFU was performed. In group III, the treatment group, after being injected with E faecalis, 10 μL propolis was applied. It required 21 days to induce post-pulp chronic apical periodontitis infection. The rats were euthanised for immunohistochemical examination in order to measure the expression of OPG and to count histologically the number of osteoclast. Result: The expression of OPG and osteoclast constituted 17.5±1.58 and 6.4±0.96 in group I, 10±2 and 16.2±1.31 in group II and 17±1.69 and 7.5±1.08 in group III. Group I presented the highest level of OPG expression but the lowest level of osteoclast expression. There were significant differences between groups II and III and group I regarding OPG and osteoclast expression (P<0.05). Conclusion: East Java Propolis was a potential intracanal medicament promoting an increase in osteoprotegerin expression and a decrease in the number of osteoclasts thereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]