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Water 15(12), 2277 - (2023). doi:10.3390/w15122277, Published by MDPI, Basel

The aim of the project was to create a nationwide, uniform, spatially high- resolution nutrient model together with agricultural and water management authorities of the federal states in order to create information bases that can contribute to fulfilling the reporting obligations of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), among other things. The aim was to map inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus from agriculture, the wastewater sector and the air pathway into groundwater, surface waters and the tributaries in the North Sea and Baltic Sea or the transfer levels to neighbouring countries, taking into account the respective most important conversion and degradation processes. The AGRUM-DE model network consists of the agricultural-economic model RAUMIS (operated at the Thünen Institute) and the hydrological models mGROWA-DENUZ- WEKU-MePhos (Jülich Research Centre, FZJ) and the model MONERIS (Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB): • Using the RAUMIS model, the Thünen Institute calculated nitrogen balances of agriculture on municipal areas and an analysis of the effect of the amended Fertiliser Ordinance (DüV) on achieving the management objectives for groundwater, inland waters and coastal waters. • Using the mGROWA-WEKU-DENUZ-MEPhos models of the Jülich Research Centre, the water balance and diffuse nutrient inputs into groundwater and surface waters were determined separately according to the most important input pathways. The model calculations were carried out for the entire area of Germany in a grid of 100 m × 100 m. • The MONERIS model was developed and applied by the IGB in Berlin to calculate N and P inputs from point sources and urban systems into surface waters at the municipal level and the retention and degradation of N and P compounds in surface waters at the sub-basin level. Through an as-is analysis, the different origins and levels of nutrient inputs were first determined. This made it possible to spatially identify pollution hot-spots and thus priority areas for the implementation of measures. Based on this, the regional N and P action requirement to achieve the protection goals for groundwater and surface waters to achieve the marine protection goals was determined and the effects of the amended Fertiliser Ordinance on nutrient inputs were analyzed. The project was accompanied by a working group of around 50 experts from the federal states in the field of agriculture and water management, in which all project steps – from the definition of the data basis to the presentation of the results – were presented, discussed and agreed in detail., DOI:10.3220/REP1684153697000

This open access book presents the results of three years collaboration between earth scientists and data scientists, in developing and applying data science methods for scientific discovery. The book will be highly beneficial for other researchers at senior and graduate level, interested in applying visual data exploration, computational approaches and scientifc workflows.

In Germany, modelled nitrate concentrations in the leachate are of great importance for the development of scenarios for the long-term achievement of the groundwater quality target according to the specific requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive as well as within the context of the recently adopted general administrative regulation for the designation of nitrate-polluted areas in Germany. For the German federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and Rhineland-Palatinate (RLP), an area-covering modelling of mean long-term nitrate concentrations in leachate with high spatial resolution was carried out using the model system RAUMIS-mGROWA-DENUZ. Hotspot regions with nitrate concentrations in the leachate of 50 mg NO3/L and more were identified for intensively farmed areas in the M&uuml, nsterland, Lower Rhine, and Vorderpfalz. The validity of modelled values was checked using measured values from 1119 preselected monitoring stations from shallow springs and aquifers filtered near to the surface with oxidizing properties. For the land use categories of urban areas, arable land, grassland, and forest, an at least good agreement of modelled nitrate concentrations in the leachate and measured nitrate concentrations in groundwater was obtained at numerous sites. An equally good agreement was obtained for 1461 measuring stations from the area of responsibility of the Erftverband, which is a major water supplier in the Lower Rhine region. Here, discrepancies have been analyzed in detail due to profound regional knowledge on observation sites. It turned out that in most cases, accuracy limitations of input data (e.g., N balance surpluses of agriculture at the municipal level, 1:50,000 soil map) have been the reason for larger deviations between observed and modelled values. In a broader sense, the case study has shown on the one hand that the model system RAUMIS-mGROWA-DENUZ is able to reliably represent interrelationships and influencing factors that determine simulated nitrate concentrations in the leachate. On the other hand, it has been proven that observed nitrate concentrations in groundwater may provide a solid data source for checking the plausibility of modelled nitrate concentrations in leachate in cases where certain preselection criteria are applied.

The site network of LTER Europe provides an important source of data for the assessment and understanding of ecosystem processes and their relation to environmental pressures and threats. LTER is organised by different national networks sharing a common conceptual basis, but managed by different organisations with their own funding regimes and organisation structures. The eLTER H2020 project aims to develop a common information management infrastructure for making data from the different distributed resources available, not only for the scientific expert but also for a more general use. Efforts are taken to harmonise measurements with the aim of building a sustainable research infrastructure for long term ecosystem observations. Innovative solutions are needed in order to allow the discovery and access of the data in near real time. This includes the documentation of the observation context as well as facilitating data services to provide online access to the data. Within eLTER H2020, an information infrastructure has been implemented to document and share the data. The system builds on a network of distributed data services integrated by a central discovery portal and federated data access components. This document addresses the social and related socio-technical aspects of data publishing within a network of distributed data sources. In the first part, data policies from the project partners as well as from thematically related research infrastructures and networks, together with Open Research Data Policy are evaluated. As a result, a common eLTER Data Policy and data sharing agreements within and beyond the project has been developed. In the second part of the document, governance issues of common data sharing principles are addressed. An overview on the actions taken to provide the basis of decisions for the design and the implementation of the eLTER data infrastructure are given. Also, the basic high-level user stories defined in order to provide a basis for the evaluation of different architectures and the related existing or planned tools are described. European Union Published Annexes include: eLTER Data Sharing Policy draft Refereed Current 14.a Pilot or Demonstrated Multi-organisational Reports with methodological relevance

The TERENO network: 1. Regional different effects of global climate change on terrestrial systems, 2. Global change affects all terrestrial compartments (water, soil, vegetation, atmosphere), 3. Most existing observation networks focus on specific compartments and/or scientific questions TERENO: 1. Long-term observations (> 15 years) of hydrological and ecological parameters on different scales, 2. Investigation of interaction between the different compartments, 3. Bridging the gap between measurement, modelling and management, 4. Currently 4 observatories, each operated by one individual Helmholtz Center, 5. Project duration: 2008 until >2023