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The age of retirement until old age are driving on same important changes for physical health, mental health and decreasing social or working environment. The prevalence of alcohol addiction increases in this age group and is often underestimated by caregivers. Retirement is given as a risk factor to develop an alcohol addiction (late onset). It's also a worsening factor, when an alcohol addiction is already present (early onset). The consequences on physical health, mental health and psychosocial problems requires plural skills and coordination between the different stakeholders in the health, social and family sectors in order to find need- adapted solutions and treatments., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêt en relation avec cet article.

Heroin addiction causes damage to physical and psychological health and can have serious social consequences. For people with addictive disorders, maintaining abstinence is a major difficulty. The stimuli that trigger cravings and urges are present in everyday life. For example, the presence of the substance, its smell, a stressful situation or a negative or positive emotion can trigger a strong urge for substance use. Craving can contribute to relapse episodes. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VET) may train people to cope differently when facing such triggers. This article presents a synthesis of the literature and the clinical steps involved in VET., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The choice of opioid-assisted treatments for patients with heroin dependence is particularly diverse in Switzerland. Since 1994, diacetylmorphine assisted treatments are available. The rules for prescribing and dispensing diacetylmorphine, as laid down by the FOPH, are particularly strict, requiring patients to attend the treatment center several times a day. Thanks to a legislative amendment by the Federal Council, it became possible to extend the dispensing of diacetylmorphine during the Covid-19 epidemic, allowing patients to take the treatment with them for longer periods and thus reducing the number of visits to the clinic. The time freed up could then be invested in other activities, allowing therapies to be refocused more on the patients' life project., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The development of research, clinical practice and prevention in addiction medicine is, compared to other disciplines, more influenced by socio-political factors. Research on psychedelics has thus long been hampered by prohibitive policy but has recently been revived thanks to the relaxation of these political positions. The extensive prescription of baclofen for alcohol addiction is mainly the consequence of popular support and has so far not been clearly supported by specific research. The aim of the new Gambling Act was to harmonize the regulatory provisions for lotteries and betting on the one hand and casino gambling on the other, while at the same time opening up the market for online gambling., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Substance abuse among adolescents and young adults is common. For 5 to 7 % of young people, substance use become problematic, take a function in the psychic equilibrium of the subject and will stop the adolescent process. For some, continuing substances use will be associated with the development of a primary or secondary psychiatric disorder. People with a first psychotic episode (FEP) with cannabis use will stop their use for 50 % of them, with early management of the disorder, without targeted addictive intervention. For the other half, persistent substance uses deteriorate the evolution of psychotic disorders. The treatment aims to avoid such evolution., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relations avec cet article.

Cognitive impairment is a frequent consequence of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption with impact on the daily lives of the concerned persons. Recovery during abstinence phases is often only partial. Improvement of cognitive functions has often a positive and lasting effect on the quality of live and the clinical symptoms of the patients suffering from an alcohol use disorder. This article presents a critical discussion on the utility of evoked potentials as part of adapted clinical protocols aiming an individualized rehabilitation approaches of alcohol use disorder and focusing on a reduction of the risk of relapse. The implementation of this approach requires a valid classification of evoked potentials based on a solid statistical fundament. Our aim is to achieve this goal., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.